考研考博-英語-寧波衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項presume“假設，認為”；C選項pretend“假裝，偽裝”；D選項presuppose“假設，以……為前提”。根據(jù)Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果沒有人問任何問題，那么我認為大家都能理解。

2.單選題

Simulationswithlargenumbersofinteractingagentsshowthattheybehaveinwaysthatareoftenunpredictable;thepropertiesofsuchsystemsaresaidto“emerge”fromthebehavioroftheconnectedcompaniesandindividuals.

問題1選項

A.stimuli

B.duplications

C.systems

D.assumptions

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.stimuli刺激物B.duplications復制；復印

C.systems系統(tǒng)D.assumptions假定；假設

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】simulation的意思是“模擬”，即模仿另外一個事物，B項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】有大量交互主體的模擬表明，它們的行為方式通常是不可預測的；這些系統(tǒng)的特性被認為是由相互關(guān)聯(lián)的公司和個人的行為“產(chǎn)生”的。

3.單選題

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

問題1選項

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lackof“沒有，缺乏；不足，不夠”，名詞短語；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，動詞短語。A選項be動詞+名詞短語作謂語，正確；B選項be動詞+動詞短語，錯誤；C選項lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D選項lackof名詞短語不能當謂語。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

I’mactingas______whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

問題1選項

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項agency“（尤指）代理機構(gòu)，經(jīng)銷機構(gòu)；（政府的）專門機構(gòu)”；B選項policy“政策”；C選項deputy“副手；代理人”；D選項colleague“同事”。句意：經(jīng)理出差時，由我______。根據(jù)語境，這里指經(jīng)理不在的時候，我來完成他的工作，C選項deputy“副手；代理人”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Butthechanges,evenatthisearlystageofthe2012campaign,haveprovenmoredramaticand（）thanallbutthemost（）analysthadimagined.

問題1選項

A.exciting...pessimistic

B.unsettling...fretful

C.upsetting...optimistic

D.discomposing...lighthearted

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Exciting“興奮的，激動的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；unsettling“使人不安的”；fretful“焦躁的”；upsetting“令人苦惱的”；optimistic“樂觀的”；discomposing“使不安”；lighthearted“無憂無慮的”。句意：但事實證明，即便是在2012年競選早期，這些變化也比最焦躁不安的分析學家想象的更為劇烈和令人不安。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase（

）totraffic.

問題1選項

A.inadequate

B.incompatible

C.inaccessible

D.insignificant

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inadequate“不充分的”；incompatible“不相容的”；insignificant“不重要的”；inaccessible“不可到達的”；beinaccessibleto“無法到達的”。句意：這個地方看上去不受歡迎，因為它完全被遺棄且車輛無論如何也無法進入。由completelydeserted可知車輛無法進入，答案C

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

西藏在中國的西南部。居住在這里的藏族先民，遠在公元前就與生活在中原的漢族有聯(lián)系。到了唐朝(公元618-907年)，藏漢雙方通過王室間的聯(lián)姻、會盟，在政治上形成了團結(jié)友好的親誼關(guān)系，在經(jīng)濟和文化上建立了密切的聯(lián)系，為最終建立統(tǒng)一的國家奠定了深厚的基礎(chǔ)。十三世紀中葉，西藏正式歸入中國元朝版圖。自此以后，盡管中國經(jīng)歷了幾代王朝的興替，但西藏一直處于中央政權(quán)的管轄之下。

【答案】TibetislocatedinSouthwestChina.ThepeoplewholivedtherestruckuplinkswiththeHanintheCentralPlainslongbeforetheChristianera.BytheTangDynasty(AD618-907),theTibetansandHanshas,throughmarriagesbetweenroyalfamiliesandotheralliances,cementedunityandpoliticalfriendshipandformedcloseeconomicandculturalrelations.Thiscreatedasolidfoundationfortheultimatefoundingofaunifiednation.Inthemid-13thcentury,TibetwasofficiallyincorporatedintotheterritoryofChina’sYuanDynasty.Sincethen,althoughChinaexperiencedseveraldynasticchanges,TibethasremainedunderthejurisdictionofthecentralgovernmentofChina.

8.翻譯題

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不開心就像一種傳染病。它使人們對不快樂的人敬而遠之。不快樂的人很快就會發(fā)覺自己既孤獨又悲慘，充滿怨恨。但是，有一種乍一看似乎荒謬可笑，實際卻非常簡單的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快樂，那就假裝快樂吧!

這個辦法的確行之有效。不久你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，你不再排斥別人，而是開始吸引他們。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)被越來越多善意的人們包圍的感覺是多么的值得！

于是，假裝的變成了真實的。一旦快樂被認為是一種責任并成為一種習慣，它就會向我們敞開一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花園的大門。

9.單選題

Youmustbeverycareful;thework______precision.

問題1選項

A.retains

B.entails

C.retails

D.repels

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項retains“保持”；B選項entails“牽涉；需要”；C選項retails“述說（尤指別人的事情）”；D選項repels“擊退；趕走”。句意：你必須非常小心；這項工作______精確。根據(jù)語境，這里指這是份細致的工作，B選項entails“牽涉；需要”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Henevertellsanybodyabouthisplans;hekeepshisown（

）.

問題1選項

A.idea

B.opinion

C.counsel

D.secret

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。idea“想法，主意，概念”；opinion“觀點”；counsel“建議；勸告”；secret“秘密”。keepone'sowncounsel"將自己意見（或計劃）保密，不暴露自己的意圖"。句意：他從沒告訴過別人他的計劃，他只聽從自己的想法。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Betty,though（

）inmostthings,spentalotofmoneyonclothes.

問題1選項

A.economical

B.economic

C.excessive

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)though可以推斷,前后形成對比,表達意思相反,所以應填入economical節(jié)儉的,選項A正確。

12.單選題

Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.

問題1選項

A.conclude

B.follow

C.deduce

D.doom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:conclude“結(jié)束；終止”；B:follow“跟隨，接著”；C:deduce“推論，推斷”；D:doom“命運；厄運”。句意：雖然他是一名稱職的工程師，但是，并不能推斷他將成為一名成功的廠長。結(jié)合語境，故選C選項。

13.單選題

Thesurvival（）ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.

問題1選項

A.ratio

B.rate

C.scale

D.standard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項ratio“比例，比率”；B選項rate“進度，速度”，A項指的是兩個量的比值，強調(diào)相比、相除的關(guān)系，B項指的是比率，速度，率等，如“taxrate稅率”、“crimerate犯罪率”；這個句子中的生存率指的是“野生動物的存活數(shù)量和死亡的野生動物數(shù)量之比”，是兩個數(shù)量之比，所以A項更符合。句意：一些野生動物的存活率不是很高，因為它們被殘酷地獵殺以獲取皮毛。；C選項scale“規(guī)模”；D選項standard“標準，水準”。因此A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto______theweeklystaffmeeting.

問題1選項

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項preside“主持，指揮”，為不及物動詞，后面常接over；B選項introduce“介紹”；C選項chair“擔任主席，主持(會議、討論等)”，為及物動詞；D選項dominate“支配，控制”。句意：經(jīng)理出差了，我被要求主持每周的員工會議。

15.單選題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

問題2選項

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto

問題3選項

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess

B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducation

C.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

問題4選項

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollege

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRE

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation

問題5選項

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”，中文翻譯為：但我們卻不承認我們的癡迷（對上首選大學）更多是關(guān)于我們自己而非他們（指自己的小孩）?？梢缘弥狣選項“相比小孩自己，他們更關(guān)心自己的小孩去哪所大學上學”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.”，中文翻譯為：我們將自己小孩的大學背景當成展示我們怎樣很好地養(yǎng)育他們的一種獎賞。以及原文第二段“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizetogoaround.”，中文翻譯為：我們有完全成熟的名譽恐慌，我們擔心沒有充足的獎賞?？芍狝選項“他們想增加自己小孩進入著名大學的機會”為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學的經(jīng)濟學家AlanKrueger對入學一個頂級博士項目的學生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學考試的高分數(shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學，而名牌大學的學位卻沒有?？梢缘弥狢選項“小孩的實際能力比他們的大學背景更重要”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由B項“著名大學的學位不保證學生進入研究生項目”可以定位到文章第三段中“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學的經(jīng)濟學家AlanKrueger對入學一個頂級博士項目的學生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學考試的高分數(shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學，而名牌大學的學位卻沒有。故選B。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”，中文翻譯為：一個研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在其他事情一樣的情況下，精英學校的畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意。判斷出答案為C項“他們在畢業(yè)后經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意”。

16.單選題

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

問題2選項

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

問題4選項

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我們每天晚上都看電視。晚飯后,我們就會躺在媽媽的床上,再看幾個小時電視?！笨芍髡呙刻旆艑W后花了很多時間看電視。故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、媽媽住在底特律一所骯臟的多戶住宅里。”可知作者來自于單親家庭。故B項正確?！癘urmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我們的母親只上完了三年級。但她比我們男孩當時所知道的要聰明得多。她注意到在她打掃書籍的郊區(qū)房子里有一些東西?！笨芍髡叩哪赣H接受的教育很少，并且是個清潔工，故C、D項正確。題干問的是哪一項不正確，故選答案A。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，關(guān)掉電視，讓我們坐下來，解釋說她的兒子們將要做些改變。”可知作者母親讓他倆讀書的態(tài)度是十分堅決的。故D項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以沒過多久，就有兩個脾氣暴躁的男孩坐在她那輛1959年產(chǎn)的白色奧茲莫比爾汽車上，準備去底特律公共圖書館。我不情愿地在兒童讀物間徘徊?！笨芍麄兊谝淮稳D書館是不情愿的。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.當時我并沒有意識到這一點，但這種體驗與看電視完全不同。”可知作者當時并沒有意識到書本給他帶來的新體驗。故D項“他意識到書籍給他帶來全新的體驗”不正確。

17.單選題

Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation-conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theoceangenerallyhasmoresaltin（

）.

2.Theworld“it”inline4(paragraph4)refersto（

）.

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSea?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultoftheformationofoceanice?

5.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewaternearthebottomofoceans?

問題1選項

A.coastalareas

B.tropicalareas

C.rainyareas

D.turbulentareas

問題2選項

A.seaice

B.salinity

C.seawater

D.manner

問題3選項

A.Toshowthatthisbodyofwaterhassalinityvariations

B.TocompareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters

C.Togiveanexampleofincreasedsalinityduetofreezing.

D.Topointoutthelocationofdeepwaters

問題4選項

A.Thesaltremainsinthewater.

B.Thesurroundingwatersinks.

C.Watersalinitydecreases.

D.Thewaterbecomesdenser.

問題5選項

A.Itisrelativelywarm.

B.Itssalinityisrelativelyhigh.

C.Itdoesnotmove.

D.Itevaporatesquickly.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation(通常，在光照很強的熱帶地區(qū)，海水鹽度比世界上其他蒸發(fā)量不大的地區(qū)要高一些)。

2.詞義題。“it”所在句子為:Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater,此處“it”是指代前面說的ice。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段:IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater(在南極洲外的威德爾海，海洋中密度最大的水是由于這種凍結(jié)過程而形成的，這會增加冷水的鹽度)。由此可知，提及WeddellSea,是為了證明前面提到的海水結(jié)冰對海水鹽度的影響。

4.推斷題。文章指出,海冰的形成會引起海水鹽度增加。

5.推斷題。文章指出，密度大的海水會下沉，可在海洋的深水域可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。也就是相對來說，海水的含鹽度會高些。

18.單選題

Inplanningforthehealthneedsoftheseimmigrantfamilies,FrancescaWeissman,ahealthcarepractitioner,askedtwoquestions:(1)“Whatarethemosturgentneedsofthispopulation?”and(2)“Howcanthispopulationbeinducedtousethehealthservicesthatareavailable?”Insomerespects,thesecondquestionismoreimportantbecausepersuadingimmigrantfamiliestoutilizeservicesisabasicproblem.

Buildingtrustisaprimarygoal.Employingcaregiverswhocanspeaktheclients’languagewilldomuchtolowerethnicbarriersandreducesuspiciononthepartofthepotentialclients.Manytraditionalfamiliesareslowtodeveloppersonalrelationships,andthisholdstrueintheinteractionswithcaregivers.Unlessthefamiliescancommunicatewithcaregivers,theycannotbegintotrustthem.Withouttrust,theyarenotlikelytoseekorevenacceptassistance.

Communicationisatwo-waychannel.Caregivers,Francescarealized,haveanobligationtobecomeacquaintedwiththecultureofthegrowingethnicpopulations,andoftheirdiversesubgroups.Bybecominginformedandbyconveyingrespect,caregiverscanmakeinteractionswithimmigrantfamilieslessfrighteningandmoreproductive.Awarenessoftheeconomicclimateandotherconditionsintheplaceoforiginhelpscaregiversrecognizethatthesuspiciousnessofimmigrantfamiliestowardsofficials.

Afamilyapproachtohealthcareisrecommendedforimmigrantgroups.Ifthewholefamilycanbeinvolvedinthehealthcareprogram,theindividualmembersarelikelytobelessfearful.Family-orientedprogramsmaybeginwithpracticaladviceabouttheneighborhood:locationsofgrocerystores,wheretoapplyforfoodstamps,andhowtolookforwork.Anyprogramsdevelopedforimmigrantfamiliesmustbeofferedatconvenienttimesandplacesbecausetheymaynothavetheknowledgeorresourcestotravelfreelyintheirnewcommunity.

1.Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot（

）.

2.Itisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

4.Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocusonintermsofservicestoimmigrantfamilies?

問題1選項

A.beawareoftheirownhealthneeds

B.bewillingtousetheavailableservices

C.beentitledtothebasichealthcareservices

D.beabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasic

問題2選項

A.caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperience

B.caregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguage

C.caregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperiority

D.caregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackground

問題3選項

A.Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.

B.Lackofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.

C.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.

D.Itisunreasonabletoemphasizespecificconditionsinimmigrants’nativehomes.

問題4選項

A.Sufficientresourcesshouldbeguaranteedtoensurethesuccess.

B.Thedailylifeofthefamilyshouldbecaredforfirstandforemost.

C.Fearamongfamilymembersshouldberelievedatthebeginningstage.

D.Whatisincludedintheprogramsshouldbebothpracticalandpracticable.

問題5選項

A.Howtoestablishanimmigrant-friendlyneighborhood.

B.Howtohelpimmigrantsenjoyavailablehealthcareservices.

C.Howtomakeanassessmentoftheexistinghealthcareservices.

D.Howtoassistcaregiversinunderstandingimmigrants’familyinfluence.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot（）.文章一開始就暗示移民家庭可能不會____。

A.beawareoftheirownhealthneedsA.了解他們自己的健康需求

B.bewillingtousetheavailableservicesB.愿意使用現(xiàn)有的服務

C.beentitledtothebasichealthcareservicesC.享有基本保健服務

D.beabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasicD.能夠負擔得起除最基本的服務外的其他服務

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第一段“弗朗西斯卡?韋斯曼提到兩個有關(guān)移民家庭健康規(guī)劃的問題：‘他們最迫切的醫(yī)療需求是什么？和怎樣引導移民使用現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務？’在某些方面，第二個問題更重要，因為說服移民家庭使用服務是一個基本問題”。由這一段可知移民家庭不太愿意使用現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)療服務。所以B選項“愿意使用現(xiàn)有服務”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“了解他們自己的健康需求”，根據(jù)解題思路可知是兩個有關(guān)移民家庭健康規(guī)劃中的第一個問題，文中說的是第二個問題更加重要，該選項本末倒置；

C選項“享有基本保健服務”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項“能夠負擔得起除最基本的服務外的其他服務”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Itisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause（）.移民客戶和照顧者之間很難建立信任，因為____。

A.caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperienceA.護理人員海外工作經(jīng)驗少

B.caregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguageB.護理人員可能不會說客戶的母語

C.caregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperiorityC.看護者具有強烈的文化優(yōu)越感

D.caregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackgroundD.護理人員不喜歡客戶的種族背景

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“雇用會講客戶語言的護理人員將大大降低種族障礙”以及倒數(shù)第二句“除非家屬能與護理人員溝通，否則他們無法信任護理人員”，由這兩句可知B選項“護理人員可能不會說客戶的母語”是使移民和護理人員很難建立信任的原因，符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“護理人員海外工作經(jīng)驗少”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項“看護者具有強烈的文化優(yōu)越感”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項“護理人員不喜歡客戶的種族背景”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?下面哪一項可以從第三段推斷出來？

A.Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.A.了解不同的文化是提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務的必要條件。

B.Lackofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.B.缺乏信息和尊重是照顧者中普遍存在的問題。

C.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.C.少數(shù)民族人口在醫(yī)療體系中的影響力越來越大。

D.Itisunreasonabletoemphasizespecificconditionsinimmigrants’nativehomes.D.強調(diào)移民家鄉(xiāng)的具體情況是不合理的。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph3與題干信息可定位至原文第三段，該處講到開展移民醫(yī)療服務工作第二個方法，由第二句提到“弗朗西斯卡認識到，護理人員有義務熟悉不斷增長的種族人口及其多樣化的子群體的文化?！保纱司淇芍狝選項“理解不同的文化對于提供好的業(yè)務是必要的”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“缺乏信息和尊重是照顧者中普遍存在的問題。”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項“少數(shù)民族人口在醫(yī)療體系中的影響力越來越大。”，屬于無中生有；

D選項“強調(diào)移民家鄉(xiāng)的具體情況是不合理的?！保瑢儆跓o中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?當采用家庭方法時，下列哪項是重要的？

A.Sufficientresourcesshouldbeguaranteedtoensurethesuccess.A.應該保證有足夠的資源來確保成功。

B.Thedailylifeofthefamilyshouldbecaredforfirstandf