考研考博-英語-山東藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

GlobalwarmingcouldtransformlargepartsofAfrica:shiftingrains,spreadingmalariaandotherinsectbornediseases,evenchangingthesizeoftheSaharaDesert.

Yet,thebulkoftheworld'sclimateforecastinghasbeenconcentratedonthoseregionsthathostthesupercomputersthatcandoit:theU.S.,Europeandtherestofthedevelopedworld.

That’ssettochange.Meetingforjustthethirdtimesince1979,theWorldClimateConferenceestablishedaframeworklastweekforextendingscience-basedclimatepredictionstoall.Thinktheweatherforecast,onlylarger.

Thisconferenceisfamousfor,amongotherthings,creatingtheInternationalPanelonClimateChange,whosereportshavewarnedtheworldofacceleratingclimatechange.Thegoalofthisnewframeworkistobetterenableallcountriestoadapttothatfutureclimate.Tothatend,itcallsforexpandedobservationsoftheglobalclimate,publicaccesstoclimatedata,moreclimatepredictionresearchandanewClimateServicesInformationSystem.Thiswillprovidelocalgovernmentswithexpectedchangestowaterresources,agriculture,fisheries,forests,evenhealth.

Ofcourse,climatepredictionswillalsoguideadaptationtoawarmerglobe,andevenpotentiallyprovideearlywarningsfornaturaldisasters.Buttheywon'tbeperfect.AsRobertHeinleinsaid,climateiswhatyouexpect,weatheriswhatyouget.

【答案】【參考譯文】

全球變暖可能會(huì)改變非洲的大部分地區(qū)：使雨帶轉(zhuǎn)移，傳播瘧疾和其他昆蟲傳播疾病，甚至改變?nèi)龉衬拇笮　?/p>

然而，世界上大部分能對(duì)氣候進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)的地區(qū)都集中在擁有超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)的地區(qū)：美國、歐洲和其他發(fā)達(dá)國家。

這種情況肯定是要改變的。自從1979年以來，世界氣候會(huì)議才召開了三次，為了讓科學(xué)的氣候預(yù)報(bào)擴(kuò)展到所有的國家，世界氣候會(huì)議上周為此確立了一個(gè)框架協(xié)議。以后想到天氣預(yù)報(bào)，其預(yù)報(bào)范圍可能要大一些了。

這次會(huì)議出名是因?yàn)槌闪⒘藝H氣候變化委員會(huì)，這個(gè)委員會(huì)對(duì)全球氣候加速提出了警告。這個(gè)新框架的目標(biāo)是使所有國家更好地適應(yīng)未來的氣候。為此，它呼吁擴(kuò)大對(duì)全球氣候的觀測(cè)，讓公眾獲得氣候數(shù)據(jù)，開展更多的氣候預(yù)測(cè)研究，并建立一個(gè)新的氣候服務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)。這將為地方政府提供水資源、農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)、甚至健康的預(yù)期變化。

當(dāng)然，氣候預(yù)測(cè)也將指導(dǎo)如何人們適應(yīng)全球變暖，甚至可能為自然災(zāi)害提供早期預(yù)警。但這不會(huì)是完美的。正如羅伯特?海因萊因（RobertHeinlein）所說，你預(yù)測(cè)的是氣候，而你經(jīng)歷的是天氣。

2.單選題

Thecarmanufacturerhaslaid______1,000workersbecauseofthedropinsales.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.down

C.aside

D.off

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.out向外B.down向下

C.aside離開，在旁邊D.off離開

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由thedropinsales（銷量下降）可知，空格處應(yīng)該表示“解雇了1000名工人”，layoff固定搭配，表示“解雇，停止工作”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)layout（展示，安排）、B選項(xiàng)laydown（放下，制定）、C選項(xiàng)layaside（擱置，留存）均不符合句意。

【句意】由于銷量下降，這家汽車制造商已經(jīng)解雇了1000名工人。

3.單選題

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)air“空氣，大氣”；B選項(xiàng)mood“情緒，氣氛”；C選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域，地區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)climate“氣候，風(fēng)氣，思潮，風(fēng)土”。air指自然界中的環(huán)境氛圍。mood側(cè)重人的情緒。area側(cè)重地理位置的區(qū)域，地區(qū)。句意為：當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知識(shí)。故正確答案選D。

4.單選題

Manyrapecrisisandbatteredwomen’sprogramsalsohaveeducationalcomponentsfocusingonyouth.However,mostoftheseapproachesdependuponindividualclasspresentationswithoutensuringotheraspectsofnecessary（

）support,includingthoroughstafftraining,supportiveservicesformaleandfemalevictims,andrehabilitativeanddisciplinaryprogramsforabusers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stylized

B.dogmatized

C.formalized

D.institutionalized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stylized“非寫實(shí)的；程式化的”；B選項(xiàng)dogmatized“武斷的”；C選項(xiàng)formalized“形式化的；正式的”；D選項(xiàng)institutionalized“約定俗成的；使成慣例的”句意：許多強(qiáng)奸危機(jī)和受虐婦女項(xiàng)目也有針對(duì)青年的教育內(nèi)容。然而，這些方法大多依賴于個(gè)別的課堂報(bào)告，而沒有確保其他方面的必要的……的支持，包括徹底的工作人員培訓(xùn)、對(duì)男女受害者的支持服務(wù)、對(duì)施虐者的康復(fù)和紀(jì)律方案。由句意判斷可知缺少制度化的支持，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

______,itiswidelyusedinmakingflaresandfireworks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asthebrilliantwhitelightthatburningmagnesiumproduces

B.Becauseofthebrilliantwhitelightofburningmagnesium

C.Thebrilliantwhitelightofburningmagnesium

D.Burningmagnesiumproducesabrilliantwhitelight

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞。句意：由于鎂燃燒時(shí)發(fā)出明亮的白光，它被廣泛用于制造照明彈和煙花。A選項(xiàng)中as“因?yàn)椤敝荒芙泳渥樱荒芙用~性短語；B選項(xiàng)中becauseof“因?yàn)椤笨梢越用~性短語，符合題意；C選項(xiàng)是名詞性短語，放進(jìn)來整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)是完整的句子，放進(jìn)來構(gòu)成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子且沒有連詞進(jìn)行連接，語法錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

（）2.6millionpeoplestartingdietsonNewYear’sDay,researchsuggeststhatbytheendoftheweek92percentofdietersgaveup，shunningexerciseandgorgingoncomfortfood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.While

D.Despite

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞語辨析。inspite應(yīng)與of搭配；although“盡管”，連詞；while“然而，連詞；當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”；despite“盡管”，介詞。空格后是名詞短語，因此前面只能是介詞。句意：年底前的研究表明，盡管2.600萬人元旦開始節(jié)食，92%的節(jié)食者在一周后就放棄了,然后回避運(yùn)動(dòng)并大吃安慰食品。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Somefeltthattheywerehurryingintoanepochofunprecedentedenlightenment,inwhichbettereducationandbeneficialtechnologywould（）wealthandleisureforall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintain

B.ensure

C.certify

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。maintain“維持，繼續(xù)”；ensure“保證，確?！?；certify“證明，保證”；console“安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人認(rèn)為他們正在匆忙進(jìn)入一個(gè)前所未有的啟蒙時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代，更好的教育和科技將確保所有人的財(cái)富和閑暇。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科學(xué)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)為工業(yè)效率的提高提供了方法和必要性?！倍恼碌谝欢沃饕v的是科學(xué)給工業(yè)帶來的突破以及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的必要性。綜合考慮以上內(nèi)容，要提高生產(chǎn)效率，那么科學(xué)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是必需的。因此C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的卻是他將科學(xué)方法應(yīng)用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中應(yīng)用科學(xué)的管理方法而聞名于世。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英國科學(xué)家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功運(yùn)用了科學(xué)的管理方法，被認(rèn)為是成本核算之父。因此，正確答案是D項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人性化的方法，而非當(dāng)時(shí)常見的奴隸式的方法。動(dòng)詞短語emphasizeAoverB表示“與B相比更強(qiáng)調(diào)A”。因此，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)管理方法的科學(xué)性和人性化。本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追隨者則繼續(xù)在世界各地推廣他的方法。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

9.寫作題

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

10.單選題

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope'sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince14O4.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersofclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspentItcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.

NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline,AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans"landofcompatriots,"istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.

“UntilveryrecenttimemostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales'sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.

"Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,"Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.’’Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging."

1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto（

）.

2.Theword“centrifogal”inthesecondparagraphmesas

（

）.

3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity

（

）.

5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintaintothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto

B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland.

C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations

D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.separatist

B.conventional

C.feudal

D.political

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.people’sdesirefordevolution.

B.locals’turnoutforthevoting

C.powersofthelegislativebody.

D.statusofthenationallanguage.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.

B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.

C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.

D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.people'smentality.

B.popculture.

C.town’sappearance.

D.possibilitiesforthepeople.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.devotion出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom，該句提到為了恢復(fù)大不列顛各成員國之間的平衡而采取了權(quán)利下放，devolution是“權(quán)利下放”的意思。選項(xiàng)C提到的“創(chuàng)建一個(gè)更好的平等狀態(tài)”與“恢復(fù)各成員國間的平衡”意思相近，符合題意。

2.centrifugal出現(xiàn)在文章第二段最后一句abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion，可推測(cè)centrifugal應(yīng)與union意思相反，是威脅聯(lián)盟團(tuán)結(jié)的事物，選項(xiàng)A“分離主義”符合題意。

3.文章第三段第一句TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution提到威爾士人對(duì)權(quán)利下放熱情很低，但蘇格蘭人卻不一樣（WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelmingly…）由此可知選項(xiàng)A是兩者的區(qū)別，排除；第三段第二句WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent提到蘇格蘭以壓倒性的多數(shù)投票選舉會(huì)，而威爾士的投票人數(shù)低于了25%，選項(xiàng)B“投票選舉的出席人數(shù)”也是二者的區(qū)別，排除；第三段提到威爾士與蘇格蘭不同的地方之一是沒有立法權(quán)（Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws），選項(xiàng)C排除。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty提到威爾士從歐盟得到近兩百萬美元解決貧困問題。但是這里主要是對(duì)威爾士情況的介紹，并非國家地位復(fù)興的例子，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章最后兩段提到DyfanJones的看法。他認(rèn)為威爾士人天生缺乏信心（Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence），接著提到了人們開始改變“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging”，他們變得有信心。由此可知，威爾士人的心態(tài)發(fā)生了變化。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Withthe（

）ofMary,allthegirlstudentsareeagertogototheparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibition

B.exception

C.except

D.reception

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。exhibition“展覽，展覽會(huì)；顯示”；exception“例外，異議”；except“除……之外”，是介詞；reception“接待，接收”。句意：除了瑪麗之外，所有的女生都希望去聚會(huì)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（）themthatImanagedtogetthemon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spreading

B.squeezing

C.extending

D.stretching

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。spread“傳播，散步”；squeeze“壓榨，榨取”;extend“延長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)展”；stretch“伸展，拉伸”。句意：這副手套太小了，只有不停地拉伸它才能將它戴上。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

I’msorryIhavetocancellunchonTuesday.MysecretaryinformsmethatI'llbeinmeetingsalldaylongtoputthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfornextyear.Howdoesyourschedulelooknextweek?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorryIhavetocancel

B.informs

C.alldaylong

D.putthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfor

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】E

14.單選題

TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits（）companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsidiary

B.ultimate

C.inferior

D.precedented

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)subsidiary“附屬的；輔助的”；B選項(xiàng)ultimate“最終的；極限的；根本的”；C選項(xiàng)inferior“差的；自卑的；下等的”；D選項(xiàng)precedented“有先例的”。句意：這家石油公司的總部在倫敦，而它的附屬公司卻位于世界的不同地方。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onoccasion“間或，有時(shí)”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有時(shí)，這給銀行造成麻煩。)；B選項(xiàng)onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地來這里看你。)；C選項(xiàng)oncondition“在……條件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D選項(xiàng)onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首時(shí)，后面主句的主謂語要倒裝，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老師的允許，學(xué)生才可以進(jìn)這屋。)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)oncondition后面跟that從句，表示“在……條件下”。句意：他向我借錢，我同意了，但條件是下周還錢。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

ThelargevillageinsouthernHunanwhereshewasbomandgrowupisinahillyareanotfarfromtheborderwithGuangdong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insouthernHunan

B.growup

C.inahillyarea

D.borderwithGuangdong

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。grow改為grew。and表示并列，and前用的一般過去時(shí)was，后面也應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。

17.單選題

Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow（）,particularlyinWesternEurope.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.obsolete

C.optional

D.overlapping

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；D選項(xiàng)overlapping“重疊的”。根據(jù)句意可知，火藥的引入應(yīng)該是使弓箭逐漸被淘汰，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”O(jiān)nherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.TheydonotalwayssinginEnglish.

C.Theyliketotrydifferentmusicalinstrumentwhenplayingjazz.

D.Theywouldprefertosingsongsallcreatedbythemselves.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.earlyexposuretoAmericanjazzculture

B.goodcommandofEnglishlanguage

C.innovationandoriginality

D.travellingaroundworld

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四、五句Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.（今天，一群才華橫溢的國際化年輕歌手正在創(chuàng)造一種新爵士歌手：國際化的女歌手。她們來自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，為傳統(tǒng)的美國音樂注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26歲的索菲?米爾曼為例。），索菲?米爾曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A選項(xiàng)“她有多文化背景”正確；這一群女歌手開創(chuàng)了新爵士歌手，所以D選項(xiàng)“索菲?米爾曼開創(chuàng)了新爵士歌手”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中沒有提到米爾曼在爵士樂的地位，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“她喜歡BillieHoliday和EllaFitzgerald的音樂”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”（她遵循自己的原則，重溫了爵士偶像們不太出名的歌曲，比如比莉?哈樂黛的《告訴我更多更多》。），翻唱不代表喜歡聽，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句newbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.（新爵士歌手：國際化女歌手。她們來自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，為傳統(tǒng)的美國音樂注入了新的活力。），新爵士歌手為傳統(tǒng)美國音樂注入新的活力，所以C選項(xiàng)“她們都給爵士樂帶來了新的東西”正確；這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這些爵士歌手接觸世界各地的文化，米爾曼就來自俄羅斯，所以A選項(xiàng)“她們都來自歐洲”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“她們?cè)谕庥^和語言上類似于爵士音樂的先驅(qū)”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.（從外表和語言上看，她與半個(gè)多世紀(jì)前的先驅(qū)者相差無幾。），這里指的是米爾曼和爵士樂先驅(qū)者差不多，而不是這些新爵士歌手，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“她們不喜歡用英語以外的語言唱歌”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.（已證實(shí)語言對(duì)這些女性沒有任何障礙，她們都用英語唱歌。），這里指的是她們可以用英語唱歌，不代表不喜歡用其他語言唱歌，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

23.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段第二句ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.（斯科特?耶諾指出，在21世紀(jì)的爵士歌手中，只有“少數(shù)人設(shè)法以新的方式重新投資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，這正是這個(gè)新階層做得如此出色的原因。），斯科特?耶諾褒獎(jiǎng)新爵士歌手，所以B選項(xiàng)“肯定的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“批判的”，C選項(xiàng)“中立的”和D選項(xiàng)“否定的”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.（即使你使用過去的詞匯，你也總會(huì)創(chuàng)造出新的東西），可知這里的突破界限是對(duì)已有的東西再創(chuàng)造，所以A選項(xiàng)“她們不是一味按照爵士音樂的傳統(tǒng)方式表演”正確，B選項(xiàng)“她們不全用英語唱歌”不是這里的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“她們喜歡嘗試用不同的樂器演奏爵士樂”和D選項(xiàng)“她們更喜歡唱自己創(chuàng)作的歌曲”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.（歸根結(jié)底，這種對(duì)爵士樂根源的回歸與真實(shí)性和接受性有關(guān)。），可知新爵士歌手取得成功是因?yàn)閷?duì)爵士樂本身的理解，所以A選項(xiàng)“早期接觸美國爵士樂文化”正確。B選項(xiàng)“良好的英語語言能力”，C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新和原創(chuàng)性”和D選項(xiàng)“周游世界”不是這里的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

NegotiatorsfromaroundtheglobeonSundaymorningreachedaclimatechangeagreementthatwouldcommiteverynationtoreducingitsrateofgreenhousegasemissions—yetwouldstill（）whatisneededtostaveoffthedangerousandcostlyearlyimpactsofglobalwarming.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallfarshortwith

B.fallfarshortof

C.fallnothingshortwith

D.fallnothingshortof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。fallfarshortof“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足”；fallnothingshortof“無異于……”，沒有fallfarshortwith和fallnothingshortwith兩種搭配，選項(xiàng)A和C可排除。句意：周日早上，來自全球的談判代表關(guān)于氣候變化達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，該協(xié)議承諾每個(gè)國家要減少溫室氣體的排放量。然而，對(duì)于延緩全球變暖所導(dǎo)致的危險(xiǎn)和高昂的代價(jià)來說，是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

20.單選題

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,th