閱讀理解課件

第35講-閱讀理解課件1答題技巧指導(dǎo)1答題技巧指導(dǎo)?1.猜詞析義題此類試題測(cè)試考生根據(jù)上下文理解推測(cè)并判斷該詞或句子在文章中的確切含義的能力。?1.猜詞析義題猜詞析義題的解題技巧為：(1)判斷某些生詞有沒(méi)有猜測(cè)的必要。(2)根據(jù)定義、解釋來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Acalendarisatimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear.從所下的定義atimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear中可以猜出calendar的意思為“日歷”。猜詞析義題的解題技巧為：(3)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Whenawisepersonmisuseshiswisdom，hewilldoagreatharmtosociety.我們都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis-是否定前綴，所以可猜出該詞的意思為“誤用”。(3)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)猜測(cè)。(4)根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞關(guān)系或?qū)Ρ?、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Unlikehisbrother，whoisahandsomeman，Johnisquitehomely.從unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome來(lái)形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。(4)根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞關(guān)系或?qū)Ρ?、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。(5)根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inEdinburgh，Scotland.Hisfatherisanexpertinphonetics，thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.由phonetics的同位語(yǔ)從句thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage可猜出該詞的意思為“語(yǔ)音學(xué)”。(5)根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。(6)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Shefeltgrieved，forherparentsbothdiedweeksago.由該詞后的原因狀語(yǔ)從句forherparentsbothdiedweeksago可猜出該詞的意思為“悲痛的”。(6)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。(7)根據(jù)上下文線索猜測(cè)。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemuscles(肌肉)toweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.由上文Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken知道是：運(yùn)動(dòng)的缺乏導(dǎo)致肌肉萎縮，以及下文Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain知道：這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員再也無(wú)法做運(yùn)動(dòng)了，可以猜出permanent的意思為“永久的，永恒的”。(7)根據(jù)上下文線索猜測(cè)。(8)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Inolddays，whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands，theyexpectedtobringwiththemselveswithalargeamountofdowry.上文提到了girlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands來(lái)自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，可猜出她們當(dāng)然希望帶上大量的“嫁妝”。(8)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)。?2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題此類題就是我們常見(jiàn)的wh-題，有些問(wèn)題可以在文中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化理解后才能找到，比如說(shuō)通過(guò)計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。具體方法為：先用尋讀法找出與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。?2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧為：(1)直接事實(shí)題：解答此類問(wèn)題時(shí)要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。(2)間接事實(shí)題：解答此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷，梳理一下文章的脈絡(luò)，找出支持每個(gè)現(xiàn)象的句子。所以做間接事實(shí)題時(shí)，A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)要全看。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧為：通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)：①WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？②WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue？③WhichofthefollowingisWRONG？④Fromthepassageweknow

.通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)：?3.推理判斷題此類題要求考生透過(guò)表面文字信息去推測(cè)文章隱含的意義，檢測(cè)考生的邏輯判斷能力。考生要領(lǐng)會(huì)材料的抽象含義以及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并根據(jù)常識(shí)，或者依靠推理、判斷得出結(jié)論。通常以這樣的形式出現(xiàn)：Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage？?3.推理判斷題推理判斷題的解題技巧為：(1)推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事、以偏概全。(2)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行合理地判斷，切忌根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)或已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去揣測(cè)。(3)把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽鞯哪康模柚舷挛?，領(lǐng)會(huì)“弦外之音”，避免“自己想當(dāng)然”。推理判斷題的解題技巧為：?4.主旨大意題此類題用來(lái)檢測(cè)考生是否擁有掌握閱讀材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)：①Themainideaofthepassageis.②Thepassageisabout.③Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？④What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticle？⑤Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？?4.主旨大意題主旨大意題的解題技巧為：(1)首先要搞清楚是問(wèn)某一段還是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息來(lái)把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。(2)如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中所蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息；同時(shí)也要關(guān)注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主題句)，或每段的首句(那往往是該段的主題句)。主旨大意題的解題技巧為：(3)任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫主題詞。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。(4)學(xué)會(huì)捕捉作者的態(tài)度、意圖，即通常所謂“弦外之音，言外之意”，從而了解作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的所在?？傊鲩喿x題要記得：一讀，二找，三思，四查。(3)任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最?5.結(jié)構(gòu)順序題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：①Howisthepassageorganized？②Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage？③Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby...?5.結(jié)構(gòu)順序題結(jié)構(gòu)順序題的解題技巧為：(1)注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開(kāi)頭，簡(jiǎn)要概括了文章的中心思想。(2)找出或者總結(jié)每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開(kāi)頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見(jiàn)主旨題之mainidea型。(3)最后根據(jù)每段主題確定段與段之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴(yán)密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)組織文章，通過(guò)舉例、比較、類比等手法來(lái)透徹闡明主題觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)構(gòu)順序題的解題技巧為：【典例分析】(2018寧波)Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.JohnF.Kennedy'squote(引語(yǔ))“Toooftenweenjoythecomfortofopinionwithoutthediscomfortofthought.”showsanunpleasanttruth.Muchofwhatweknowandbelievehasbeentaughttousbyothers，andweoftenacceptthisinformationwithoutspendingmuchtimethinkingitoverforourselves.【典例分析】(2018寧波)Intoday'sworld，wearebeingpresentedwithinformation，ideasandbeliefs，butmanyofthemareagainsteachother.Psychology(心理學(xué))tellsusthatifwehearanideaenoughtimes，orifitcomesfromsomeonewerespect(尊敬)，wewillprobablybelievethatidea.Inthesecases，webaseouropinionsontheopinionsofothers.Ifeachofusdoesnotthinkaboutthisinformationforourselvesandcometoourownconclusions，wewillbecomenothingmorethanparrots(鸚鵡)quotingtheopinionsofothers.Intoday'sworld，wearebeingExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.Somepeoplebelievewhatevertheyreadandthensharethestorywithoutthinkingaboutthefacts.Allittakesisonequickclick(點(diǎn)擊)ofthe“share”button，andthestorytravelsonitswaytoinfluenceevenmoreunthinkingreaders.Thiscancauseseriousproblems.ExamplesofspreadingfakenewIfwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople，butfewtakethattime.Yetweneednotloseheartoverthisbadhabit.Infact，simplybecomingaware(意識(shí)到)ofitisthefirststeptowardscorrectingit.Oncewebecomeawarethatwetend(趨向)toholdopinionsandbeliefswithoutthinkingthemthrough，wecanchangethatpatternofbehaviour.Hopefully，wecanlearntoexperienceandenjoythe“discomfortofthought”andformourownopinions.Ifwejuststopforamomentt1.What'sthepurposeofthispassage？A.TodescribehowInternetnewsspreads.B.Toexplainwhypeopledon'thavetheirownopinions.C.Totellpeoplethattheyshouldhavetheirownthoughts.D.Towarnpeoplenottobelieveotherpeople'sideas.1.What'sthepurposeofthis2.Theunderlinedword“fake”inParagraph4probablymeans__.A.untrue B.unhappyC.unfair D.unusual3.Howcanwehaveourownopinionsaccordingtothepassage？A.Byspreadingtheinformationwereceive.B.Bylearningmoreaboutpsychology.C.Byquotingothers'opinionslikeparrots.D.Bythinkingaboutwhatwereadandhear.2.Theunderlinedword“fake”4.Wecanprobablyfindthispassageinabookabout

.A.history B.educationC.sports D.languages4.Wecanprobablyfindthispa【文章大意】這篇文章討論了在當(dāng)今社會(huì)一個(gè)人具有自己的觀點(diǎn)、培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立思考意識(shí)的重要性。1.C[句意]這篇文章的目的是什么？A.描述互聯(lián)網(wǎng)新聞如何傳播；B.解釋人們?yōu)槭裁礇](méi)有自己的觀點(diǎn)；C.告訴人們他們應(yīng)該有自己的想法；D.警告人們不要相信別人的想法。原文Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.(在我們的文化中，能做出自己的決定的能力很重要。)這一句說(shuō)明了“獨(dú)立思考”的重要性，要有自己的想法，故選C?！疚恼麓笠狻窟@篇文章討論了在當(dāng)今社會(huì)一個(gè)人具有自己的觀點(diǎn)、培2.A[句意]第4段中的劃線詞語(yǔ)“fake”可能意思是“不真實(shí)的”。A.不真實(shí)的；B.不高興的；C.不公平的；D.不尋常的。原文ExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.(在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上可以隨處看到傳播虛假新聞的例子。)，從后面可以看出人們會(huì)輕易相信并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，不考慮事實(shí)情況(withoutthinkingaboutthefacts)，造成嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題(seriousproblems)，說(shuō)明傳播的是“虛假新聞”，故選A。2.A[句意]第4段中的劃線詞語(yǔ)“fake”可能意思是“不3.D[句意]根據(jù)這篇文章，我們?nèi)绾文軌虻贸鲎约旱挠^點(diǎn)？A.通過(guò)傳播我們收到的信息；B.通過(guò)更多地了解心理學(xué)；C.通過(guò)像鸚鵡一樣引用別人的觀點(diǎn)；D.通過(guò)思考我們閱讀到的和聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。原文Ifwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople(如果我們暫時(shí)停下來(lái)思考我們閱讀和聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，并形成自己的觀點(diǎn)，我們將更有思想、更獨(dú)立、更有創(chuàng)造力)，這里作者就“如何得出自己的觀點(diǎn)”提出了自己的建議，故選D。3.D[句意]根據(jù)這篇文章，我們?nèi)绾文軌虻贸鲎约旱挠^點(diǎn)？A4.B[句意]我們可以在一本關(guān)于“教育”的書(shū)中找到這篇文章。A.歷史；B.教育；C.運(yùn)動(dòng)；D.語(yǔ)言。這篇文章討論的是具有獨(dú)立思考能力的重要性，并提出了自己的建議，很有“教育意義”，可以說(shuō)這篇文章來(lái)自一本教育類書(shū)籍，故選B。4.B[句意]我們可以在一本關(guān)于“教育”的書(shū)中找到這篇文章A(金衢十二校2018年中考聯(lián)合模擬)Whenthethreechildrenarrivedatthetunnel，theylookedupatthetreesaboveit.“What'shappening？”P(pán)etersaid.“Lookatthetrees.They'removing.”Hewasright.Thetreeswereslidingdownthehill.“It'salandslide，”Robertasaid.“Therehasbeenalotofrain.Theearthissoft.Itismovingandbringingthetreeswithit.”A(金衢十二校2018年中考聯(lián)合模擬)“Thearegoingtofallontherailwayline，”P(pán)hyllissaid.“There'llbeanaccidentifthetrainhitsthem.Wemuststopthenexttrain.”“Howdowedothat？”P(pán)etersaid.“Thenexttrainisarrivingat11：29.That'sinfiveminutes.Andthetrainisonlyaboutfifteenkilometresaway.”“Wecanruntowardsthetrainandwavetothedriver，”P(pán)hyllissaid.“Thearegoingtofallonthe“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythingwrong，”Robertasaid.“Wealwayswavetohim.”“Weneedsomethingredtowave，”P(pán)etersaid.“Redisfordanger.”“Mypetticoatisred，”P(pán)hyllissaid.“I'lltearpiecesoff.”“Motherwillbeangryifyoudothat，”Robertasaid.“Petticoatsareexpensive.”“Peoplemaydieifthereisanaccident，”P(pán)etersaid.“Petticoatsaren'timportant.”“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythPhyllistorestripsfromthebottomofherpetticoat.“Weneedstickstotiethestripsto，”P(pán)etersaid.Thechildrenrantoanearbytree.Withhisknife，Petercutoffthreethinbranches.Hetiedeachofthestripsofredpetticoattooneofthebranches.“Nowwehaveredflags，”hesaid.“Whenwewavethese，theenginedriverwillknowsomethingiswrong.Hewillstopthetrainandaskuswhatthematteris.”P(pán)hyllistorestripsfromthebThechildrenranthroughthetunnelandwaitedattheothersideforthetraintocome.Theyhadtowaitforalongtime.Peterthoughtthewatchmustbewrong，butitwasthetrainthatwaslate.Then，thetrainarrived.Thechildrenwavedtheirflags.Robertawassoexcitedthatshefainted(暈).ThechildrenranthroughthetTheenginedriversawtheredflagsandthechildren.Heknewsomethingwaswrong.Hestoppedthetrain.PeterandPhyllisrantowardstheengine.Theyshoutedtothedriverthatthereweretreesontheline.Theenginedriverclimbeddownfromhisengine.HehurriedtowhereRobertawaylyingonthegroundinafaint.Hepickedherupandcarriedhertothetrainandputherinacomfortablecarriage.—FromtheRailwayChildrenTheenginedriversawthered( )1.Howdidthelandslidecomeintobeing？A.Theearthwastoothintoholdthetrees.B.Theheavyrainwashedtheearthaway.C.Themovingtrainshooktheearthdown.D.Peoplecutdownmanytreesonthehill.B( )1.Howdidthelandslidec( )2.WhatwasthedangeraccordingtoPhyllis？A.Thetrainwasrunningtoofast.B.Therewouldbeatrainaccident.C.Thechildrenwerewalkingontherailway.D.Thelandslidewascomingtoanend.B( )2.Whatwasthedangeracco( )3.WhatdoesPetermeanbysaying“Petticoatsaren'timportant？”A.Thatkindofcoatsaren'tpopular.B.Thatkindofcoatsaren'texpensive.C.People'slivesaremoreimportant.D.Childrendon'tneedexpensivecoats.C( )3.WhatdoesPetermeanby( )4.WhatwouldhappentoRobertaintheend？A.Sheremainedfainted.B.Sheforgoteverything.C.Hermotherbeatherhard.D.Shecamebacktolife.D( )4.WhatwouldhappentoRoB(原創(chuàng))TherearemorethansevenbillionpeopleontheEarth，soit'shardtoimagineonlyhavingoneotherofyourkindtokeepyoucompany(陪伴).Butsadly，forthewhiterhinos，thissituationrecentlyturnedintoreality(現(xiàn)實(shí)).B(原創(chuàng))AccordingtoBBCNews，theworld'slastsurvivingmalenorthernwhiterhino，namedSudan，diedinKenyaattheageof45onMarch19,2018.Hisdeathmeansthereareonlytwofemales—hisdaughterandgranddaughter—remainingintheworld.AccordingtoBBCNews，theworlBBCNewsreportedthatby2050,30to50percentofalltheworld'sspecies(物種)couldbeheadingtowardsextinction.“Itishumanactivitythatspeedsuptheextinction，”itwrote.Forexample，astheWorldWildlifeFundnoted，thepopulationofnorthernwhiterhinosinAfricawaslargelyreducedbecauseofthehuntingprobleminthe1970sand1980s.Andbyturningforestsandgrasslandsintoroadsandbuildings，humansfurtherdrovetheseanimalsawayfromtheirnaturalhome.BBCNewsreportedthatby2050Whyisthewhiterhinosoimportant？Theanswerisdowntobiodiversity(生物多樣性).AccordingtoNationalGeographic，“Allspeciesareconnected.Theydependononeanother.Withlessbiodiversity，theseconnectionsbecomeweakerandsometimesbroken，harmingallthespeciesintheecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)).”Luckily，effortsarebeingmadetosavethewhiterhinowiththehelpofnewtechnologies.Whyisthewhiterhinosoimpo( )1.Howmanynorthernwhiterhinoswerethereintheworldin2017？A.Onlyone. B.Two.C.Three. C.Four.( )2.Whichworddoestheunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphremindyouof？A.Alone. B.Single.C.Lonely. D.Absent.CC( )1.Howmanynorthernwhite( )3.Whichofthefollowinghumanactivitiesspeeduptheextinctionofspecies？①Buildingroadsinforests.②Cuttingdowntreesformodernindustries.③Plantingbushesindeserts.④Burninggrasslandsforhousebuilding.A.①②③ B.①②④C.①③④ D.②③④B( )3.Whichofthefollowing( )4.IfthenorthernwhiterhinoscompletelydisappearfromtheEarth，then.A.wewillsimplyloseonekindofanimalB.therewillbelessspaceforanimalstoliveC.newkindofanimalswillbefoundD.theecosystemofourplanetwillbeinfluencedD( )4.Ifthenorthernwhiter第35講-閱讀理解課件1答題技巧指導(dǎo)1答題技巧指導(dǎo)?1.猜詞析義題此類試題測(cè)試考生根據(jù)上下文理解推測(cè)并判斷該詞或句子在文章中的確切含義的能力。?1.猜詞析義題猜詞析義題的解題技巧為：(1)判斷某些生詞有沒(méi)有猜測(cè)的必要。(2)根據(jù)定義、解釋來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Acalendarisatimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear.從所下的定義atimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear中可以猜出calendar的意思為“日歷”。猜詞析義題的解題技巧為：(3)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Whenawisepersonmisuseshiswisdom，hewilldoagreatharmtosociety.我們都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis-是否定前綴，所以可猜出該詞的意思為“誤用”。(3)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)猜測(cè)。(4)根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞關(guān)系或?qū)Ρ取⑥D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Unlikehisbrother，whoisahandsomeman，Johnisquitehomely.從unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome來(lái)形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。(4)根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞關(guān)系或?qū)Ρ取⑥D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。(5)根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inEdinburgh，Scotland.Hisfatherisanexpertinphonetics，thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.由phonetics的同位語(yǔ)從句thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage可猜出該詞的意思為“語(yǔ)音學(xué)”。(5)根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。(6)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Shefeltgrieved，forherparentsbothdiedweeksago.由該詞后的原因狀語(yǔ)從句forherparentsbothdiedweeksago可猜出該詞的意思為“悲痛的”。(6)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)。(7)根據(jù)上下文線索猜測(cè)。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemuscles(肌肉)toweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.由上文Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken知道是：運(yùn)動(dòng)的缺乏導(dǎo)致肌肉萎縮，以及下文Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain知道：這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員再也無(wú)法做運(yùn)動(dòng)了，可以猜出permanent的意思為“永久的，永恒的”。(7)根據(jù)上下文線索猜測(cè)。(8)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)。如：Inolddays，whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands，theyexpectedtobringwiththemselveswithalargeamountofdowry.上文提到了girlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands來(lái)自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，可猜出她們當(dāng)然希望帶上大量的“嫁妝”。(8)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)。?2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題此類題就是我們常見(jiàn)的wh-題，有些問(wèn)題可以在文中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化理解后才能找到，比如說(shuō)通過(guò)計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。具體方法為：先用尋讀法找出與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。?2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧為：(1)直接事實(shí)題：解答此類問(wèn)題時(shí)要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。(2)間接事實(shí)題：解答此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷，梳理一下文章的脈絡(luò)，找出支持每個(gè)現(xiàn)象的句子。所以做間接事實(shí)題時(shí)，A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)要全看。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧為：通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)：①WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？②WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue？③WhichofthefollowingisWRONG？④Fromthepassageweknow

.通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)：?3.推理判斷題此類題要求考生透過(guò)表面文字信息去推測(cè)文章隱含的意義，檢測(cè)考生的邏輯判斷能力?？忌I(lǐng)會(huì)材料的抽象含義以及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并根據(jù)常識(shí)，或者依靠推理、判斷得出結(jié)論。通常以這樣的形式出現(xiàn)：Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage？?3.推理判斷題推理判斷題的解題技巧為：(1)推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事、以偏概全。(2)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行合理地判斷，切忌根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)或已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去揣測(cè)。(3)把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽鞯哪康模柚舷挛?，領(lǐng)會(huì)“弦外之音”，避免“自己想當(dāng)然”。推理判斷題的解題技巧為：?4.主旨大意題此類題用來(lái)檢測(cè)考生是否擁有掌握閱讀材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)：①Themainideaofthepassageis.②Thepassageisabout.③Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？④What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticle？⑤Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？?4.主旨大意題主旨大意題的解題技巧為：(1)首先要搞清楚是問(wèn)某一段還是全文的大意?？衫梦闹兄饕畔?lái)把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。(2)如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中所蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息；同時(shí)也要關(guān)注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主題句)，或每段的首句(那往往是該段的主題句)。主旨大意題的解題技巧為：(3)任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫主題詞。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。(4)學(xué)會(huì)捕捉作者的態(tài)度、意圖，即通常所謂“弦外之音，言外之意”，從而了解作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的所在?？傊?，做閱讀題要記得：一讀，二找，三思，四查。(3)任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最?5.結(jié)構(gòu)順序題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：①Howisthepassageorganized？②Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage？③Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby...?5.結(jié)構(gòu)順序題結(jié)構(gòu)順序題的解題技巧為：(1)注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開(kāi)頭，簡(jiǎn)要概括了文章的中心思想。(2)找出或者總結(jié)每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開(kāi)頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見(jiàn)主旨題之mainidea型。(3)最后根據(jù)每段主題確定段與段之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴(yán)密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)組織文章，通過(guò)舉例、比較、類比等手法來(lái)透徹闡明主題觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)構(gòu)順序題的解題技巧為：【典例分析】(2018寧波)Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.JohnF.Kennedy'squote(引語(yǔ))“Toooftenweenjoythecomfortofopinionwithoutthediscomfortofthought.”showsanunpleasanttruth.Muchofwhatweknowandbelievehasbeentaughttousbyothers，andweoftenacceptthisinformationwithoutspendingmuchtimethinkingitoverforourselves.【典例分析】(2018寧波)Intoday'sworld，wearebeingpresentedwithinformation，ideasandbeliefs，butmanyofthemareagainsteachother.Psychology(心理學(xué))tellsusthatifwehearanideaenoughtimes，orifitcomesfromsomeonewerespect(尊敬)，wewillprobablybelievethatidea.Inthesecases，webaseouropinionsontheopinionsofothers.Ifeachofusdoesnotthinkaboutthisinformationforourselvesandcometoourownconclusions，wewillbecomenothingmorethanparrots(鸚鵡)quotingtheopinionsofothers.Intoday'sworld，wearebeingExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.Somepeoplebelievewhatevertheyreadandthensharethestorywithoutthinkingaboutthefacts.Allittakesisonequickclick(點(diǎn)擊)ofthe“share”button，andthestorytravelsonitswaytoinfluenceevenmoreunthinkingreaders.Thiscancauseseriousproblems.ExamplesofspreadingfakenewIfwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople，butfewtakethattime.Yetweneednotloseheartoverthisbadhabit.Infact，simplybecomingaware(意識(shí)到)ofitisthefirststeptowardscorrectingit.Oncewebecomeawarethatwetend(趨向)toholdopinionsandbeliefswithoutthinkingthemthrough，wecanchangethatpatternofbehaviour.Hopefully，wecanlearntoexperienceandenjoythe“discomfortofthought”andformourownopinions.Ifwejuststopforamomentt1.What'sthepurposeofthispassage？A.TodescribehowInternetnewsspreads.B.Toexplainwhypeopledon'thavetheirownopinions.C.Totellpeoplethattheyshouldhavetheirownthoughts.D.Towarnpeoplenottobelieveotherpeople'sideas.1.What'sthepurposeofthis2.Theunderlinedword“fake”inParagraph4probablymeans__.A.untrue B.unhappyC.unfair D.unusual3.Howcanwehaveourownopinionsaccordingtothepassage？A.Byspreadingtheinformationwereceive.B.Bylearningmoreaboutpsychology.C.Byquotingothers'opinionslikeparrots.D.Bythinkingaboutwhatwereadandhear.2.Theunderlinedword“fake”4.Wecanprobablyfindthispassageinabookabout

.A.history B.educationC.sports D.languages4.Wecanprobablyfindthispa【文章大意】這篇文章討論了在當(dāng)今社會(huì)一個(gè)人具有自己的觀點(diǎn)、培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立思考意識(shí)的重要性。1.C[句意]這篇文章的目的是什么？A.描述互聯(lián)網(wǎng)新聞如何傳播；B.解釋人們?yōu)槭裁礇](méi)有自己的觀點(diǎn)；C.告訴人們他們應(yīng)該有自己的想法；D.警告人們不要相信別人的想法。原文Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.(在我們的文化中，能做出自己的決定的能力很重要。)這一句說(shuō)明了“獨(dú)立思考”的重要性，要有自己的想法，故選C?！疚恼麓笠狻窟@篇文章討論了在當(dāng)今社會(huì)一個(gè)人具有自己的觀點(diǎn)、培2.A[句意]第4段中的劃線詞語(yǔ)“fake”可能意思是“不真實(shí)的”。A.不真實(shí)的；B.不高興的；C.不公平的；D.不尋常的。原文ExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.(在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上可以隨處看到傳播虛假新聞的例子。)，從后面可以看出人們會(huì)輕易相信并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，不考慮事實(shí)情況(withoutthinkingaboutthefacts)，造成嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題(seriousproblems)，說(shuō)明傳播的是“虛假新聞”，故選A。2.A[句意]第4段中的劃線詞語(yǔ)“fake”可能意思是“不3.D[句意]根據(jù)這篇文章，我們?nèi)绾文軌虻贸鲎约旱挠^點(diǎn)？A.通過(guò)傳播我們收到的信息；B.通過(guò)更多地了解心理學(xué)；C.通過(guò)像鸚鵡一樣引用別人的觀點(diǎn)；D.通過(guò)思考我們閱讀到的和聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。原文Ifwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople(如果我們暫時(shí)停下來(lái)思考我們閱讀和聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，并形成自己的觀點(diǎn)，我們將更有思想、更獨(dú)立、更有創(chuàng)造力)，這里作者就“如何得出自己的觀點(diǎn)”提出了自己的建議，故選D。3.D[句意]根據(jù)這篇文章，我們?nèi)绾文軌虻贸鲎约旱挠^點(diǎn)？A4.B[句意]我們可以在一本關(guān)于“教育”的書(shū)中找到這篇文章。A.歷史；B.教育；C.運(yùn)動(dòng)；D.語(yǔ)言。這篇文章討論的是具有獨(dú)立思考能力的重要性，并提出了自己的建議，很有“教育意義”，可以說(shuō)這篇文章來(lái)自一本教育類書(shū)籍，故選B。4.B[句意]我們可以在一本關(guān)于“教育”的書(shū)中找到這篇文章A(金衢十二校2018年中考聯(lián)合模擬)Whenthethreechildrenarrivedatthetunnel，theylookedupatthetreesaboveit.“What'shappening？”P(pán)etersaid.“Lookatthetrees.They'removing.”Hewasright.Thetreeswereslidingdownthehill.“It'salandslide，”Robertasaid.“Therehasbeenalotofrain.Theearthissoft.Itismovingandbringingthetreeswithit.”A(金衢十二校2018年中考聯(lián)合模擬)“Thearegoingtofallontherailwayline，”P(pán)hyllissaid.“There'llbeanaccidentifthetrainhitsthem.Wemuststopthenexttrain.”“Howdowedothat？”P(pán)etersaid.“Thenexttrainisarrivingat11：29.That'sinfiveminutes.Andthetrainisonlyaboutfifteenkilometresaway.”“Wecanruntowardsthetrainandwavetothedriver，”P(pán)hyllissaid.“Thearegoingtofallonthe“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythingwrong，”Robertasaid.“Wealwayswavetohim.”“Weneedsomethingredtowave，”P(pán)etersaid.“Redisfordanger.”“Mypetticoatisred，”P(pán)hyllissaid.“I'lltearpiecesoff.”“Motherwillbeangryifyoudothat，”Robertasaid.“Petticoatsareexpensive.”“Peoplemaydieifthereisanaccident，”P(pán)etersaid.“Petticoatsaren'timportant.”“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythPhyllistorestripsfromthebottomofherpetticoat.“Weneedstickstotiethestripsto，”P(pán)etersaid.Thechildrenrantoanearbytree.Withhisknife，Petercutoffthreethinbranches.Hetiedeachofthestripsofredpetticoattooneofthebranches.“Nowwehaveredflags，”hesaid.“Whenwewavethese，theenginedriverwillknowsomethingiswrong.Hewillstopthetrainandaskuswhatthematteris.”P(pán)hyllistorestripsfromthebThechildrenranthroughthetunnelandwaitedattheothersideforthetraintocome.Theyhadtowaitforalongtime.Peterthoughtthewatchmustbewrong，butitwasthetrainthatwaslate.Then，thetrainarrived.Thechildrenwavedtheirflags.Robertawassoexcitedthatshefainted(暈).ThechildrenranthroughthetTheenginedriversawtheredflagsandthechildren.Heknewsomethingwaswrong.Hestoppedthetrain.PeterandPhyllisrantowardstheengine.Theyshoutedtothedriverthatthereweretreesontheline.Theenginedriverclimbeddownfromhisengine.HehurriedtowhereRobertawaylyingonthegroundinafaint.Hepickedherupandcarriedhertothetrainandputherinacomfortablecarriage.—FromtheRailwayChildrenTheenginedriversawthered( )1.Howdidthelandslidecomeintobeing？A.Theearthwastoothintoholdthetrees.B.Theheavyrainwashedtheearthaway.C.Themovingtrainshooktheearthdown.D.Peoplecutdownmanytreesonthehill.B( )1.Howdidthelandslidec( )2.WhatwasthedangeraccordingtoPhyllis？A.Thetrainwasrunningtoofast.B.Therewouldbeatrainaccident.C.Thechildrenwerewalkingontherailway.D.Thelandslidewascomingtoanend.B( )2.Whatwasthedangeracco( )3.WhatdoesPetermeanbysaying“Petticoatsaren'timportant？”A.Thatkindofcoatsaren'tpopular.B.Thatkindofcoatsaren'texpensive.C.People'slivesa