法律題材翻譯課件

第六章法律題材翻譯第六章法律題材翻譯1法律題材文本特點(diǎn)法律英語的詞匯特征一、古英語和中世紀(jì)英語二、拉丁語和法語三、法律術(shù)語和行話四、具有法律意義的常用詞五、同義詞或近義詞的并列六、準(zhǔn)確性詞語和模糊性詞語七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞法律題材文本特點(diǎn)法律英語的詞匯特征2古英語詞語aforementionedforegoingherebyhereinheretonotwithstandingpursuanttosaiththereoftowitwherefore前述的前述的特此于此處至此盡管根據(jù)說（第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)）其即為何，因此古英語詞語3拉丁語alibibonafideexpartehabeascorpusinreinteralialexforipercapitaperseprimafaciequorumultraviresversus不在犯罪現(xiàn)場善意單方人身保護(hù)令有關(guān)…事宜在其他事項(xiàng)中法院地法人均本身初步的，表面的法定人數(shù)越權(quán)行為訴，對(duì)拉丁語4法語easementforcemajeurelachesliensuittorttrespass地役權(quán)不可抗力疏忽延誤留置權(quán)訴訟侵權(quán)侵犯、闖入私人領(lǐng)地法語5常見的法律術(shù)語clause 條款decree 法令draft 法案，草案lawenforcement 法律的實(shí)施legislation 立法offender 罪犯specificperformance實(shí)際履行will 遺囑常見的法律術(shù)語clause6常見的法律行話alleged 被指控的causeofaction 訴由damages 賠償金dayincourt 出庭日dueprocessoflaw法律正當(dāng)程序issueoffact 事實(shí)上的爭論點(diǎn)issueoflaw 法律上的爭論點(diǎn)legalfiction 法律擬制materialevidence 關(guān)鍵證據(jù)pleabargain 辯訴交易（認(rèn)罪求情協(xié)議）reasonabledoubt 合理懷疑reasonableman 正常的人subrogation 代位權(quán)withoutprejudice 不使合法權(quán)利受到損害常見的法律行話7具有法律意義的常用詞常用詞actionbriefconstructionfindingmotionpracticesecurityservice一般意義行動(dòng)簡短的，簡潔的建設(shè)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)練習(xí)，實(shí)踐安全服務(wù)法律意義訴訟案情說明書（法律）解釋判決，裁定動(dòng)議訴訟程序，訴訟實(shí)務(wù)抵押品，擔(dān)保品送達(dá)（傳票）具有法律意義的常用詞常用詞一般意義法律意義8同義詞或近義詞的并列acknowledgeandconfessauthorize,directandempowerbusiness,enterpriseandundertakingbyandwithcancel,annulandsetasideceaseandcometoanendceaseandterminatefinalandconclusiveforandonbehalfofgiveandgranthave,holdandpossesslastwillandtestamentmentionedorreferredtomodifiedandchangedobey,observeandcomplywithright,titleandinterestsaveandexcepttrueandcorrectvoidandofnoeffectwithinandunderthetermsof同義詞或近義詞的并列acknowledgeandcon9準(zhǔn)確性詞語alleachandeveryimpossibleirrevocablenevernoneunavoidablewhereverwhoever

所有的每一個(gè)不可能不可撤消永遠(yuǎn)不沒有無法避免任何地方任何人準(zhǔn)確性詞語all所有的10模糊性詞語adequatedueprocessexcessiveimproperreasonablespeedrelatedsufficientunreasonable

適當(dāng)?shù)恼?dāng)程序額外的不適當(dāng)?shù)暮侠淼乃俣认嚓P(guān)的足夠的不合理的模糊性詞語adequate適當(dāng)?shù)?1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）shall約定當(dāng)事人的義務(wù)（應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么）maynot（或shallnot）用于禁止性義務(wù)（不得做什么）

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）12法律英語的句式特征陳述句完整句被動(dòng)句長句法律英語的句式特征陳述句13陳述句Whoevercommitsarson,breachesadike,causesexplosion,spreadspoisonorusesotherdangerousmeanstosabotageanyfactory,mine,oilfield,harbor,river,watersource,warehouse,house,forest,farm,threshinggrounds,pasture,keypipeline,publicbuildingoranyotherpublicorprivateproperty,therebyendangeringpublicsecuritybutcausingnoseriousconsequences,shallbesentencedtofixed-termimprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyearsbutnotmorethantenyears.陳述句Whoevercommitsarson,bre14完整句IntheContract（ashereinafterdefined）thefollowingwordsandexpressionsshallhavethemeaningsherebyassignedtothem,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:1.1"Employer"meansthepersonnamedassuchinthiscontractandthelegalsuccessorsintitletosuchperson,butnot（exceptwiththeconsentoftheContractor）anyassigneeofsuchperson.1.2"Contractor"meansthepersonwhosetenderhasbeenacceptedbytheEmployerandthelegalsuccessorsintitletosuchpersonbutnot（exceptwiththeconsentoftheEmployer）anyassigneeofsuchperson.1.3"Subcontractor"meansanypersonnamedintheContractasaSubcontractorforapartoftheWorksoranypersontowhomapartoftheWorkshasbeensubcontractedwiththeconsentoftheEngineerandthelegalsuccessorsintitletosuchperson,butnotanyassigneeofanysuchperson.…完整句IntheContract（ashereina15被動(dòng)句Thevalidityofanarbitrationclauseoranarbitrationagreementshallnotbeaffectedbythemodification，rescission，termination，invalidity，revocationornon-existenceofthecontract.Adequatefoodandrefreshmentwillbesuppliedfree.Youarenotentitledtoreceivefromoutsideanythingexceptthebasicnecessitiesofclothing.Howeveryoumay,ifyourequest,bepermittedatyourownexpensetohavefoodfromoutsidetobebroughttoyousubjecttoinspection.被動(dòng)句Thevalidityofanarbitra16長句Thecontextforthepurposeoftheinterpretationofatreatyshallcompriseinadditiontothetext，includingitspreambleandannexes；（a）anyagreementrelatingtothetreatywhichwasmadebetweenallthepartiesinconnectionwiththeconclusionofthetreaty；（b）anyinstrumentwhichwasmadebyoneormorepartiesinconnectionwiththeconclusionofthetreatyandacceptedbytheotherpartiesasaninstrumentrelatedtothetreaty.長句Thecontextforthepurpose17法律英語的篇章特征程式化規(guī)范化法律英語的篇章特征程式化18法律英語文本的翻譯信、達(dá)、雅vs.忠實(shí)直譯法vs.詮釋法法律英語文本的翻譯信、達(dá)、雅vs.忠實(shí)19詞的翻譯準(zhǔn)確性同一性詞的翻譯準(zhǔn)確性20英翻中：把握準(zhǔn)確性專業(yè)用語的翻譯復(fù)合副詞的翻譯配對(duì)詞和三連詞的翻譯模糊用語的翻譯英翻中：把握準(zhǔn)確性專業(yè)用語的翻譯21專業(yè)用語的翻譯例1：TheDirectorsmayexerciseallthepowersoftheCompanytoborrowmoneyandtomortgageorchargeitsundertaking,propertyanduncalledcapital，oranypartthereof，andsubjecttoSection80oftheCompanyAct,toissueandcreatemortgages,charges,memorandaofdeposits,debentures,debenturestockandothersecuritieswhetheroutrightorassecurityforanydebts,liabilityorobligationoftheCompanyoranythirdparty．uncalledcapital是“未收資本”，mortgage是“按揭”，charge是“抵押”，memorandumofdeposit是“存放單”，debenture是“債券”，debenturestock是“公司債券”，securities是“證券”。專業(yè)用語的翻譯例1：TheDirectorsmayex22復(fù)合副詞的翻譯Attachmentsthereofshallbemadeanintegralpartofthiscontract.(hereof指ofthiscontract)Theserulesshallapplytoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigablebyseagoingvessel.（therewith指withthehighseas）NOWTHEREFOREforgoodandvaluableconsideration,thePartiesherebymutuallyagreetothefollowingtermsandconditionswherebyRecipientwillholdinconfidenceSupplier’sconfidentialandproprietaryinformationwhichhasbeenorwillbedisclosedtoRecipient.（whereby即bywhich，指bythefollowingtermsandconditions）復(fù)合副詞的翻譯Attachmentsthereofsha23配對(duì)詞和三連詞的翻譯完全同義詞ThisagreementismadeandenteredintobyandbetweenPartyAandPartyB.譯文：甲方與乙方達(dá)成并簽訂本合同。部分同義詞例7：THEREFORE,inviewoftheforegoingpremisesandconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandundertakingshereinafterprovided,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:譯文：鑒于上述前提以及雙方就下列事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行的約定和承諾，雙方約定如下：配對(duì)詞和三連詞的翻譯完全同義詞24模糊用語的翻譯模糊詞對(duì)模糊詞Ifasentenceofimprisonmentisimposed,therearelimitsonthetermofimprisonment—notmorethansixmonthsorlessthanthreeyears.譯文：如對(duì)之做出徒刑判決，其刑期也有限制——或不超過六個(gè)月或少于三年。模糊詞對(duì)具體詞PartyAisacompanydulyorganized,validlyexistingandingoodstandingasalegalpersonunderthelawsofthePRC.譯文：甲方是依據(jù)中華人民共和國法律正式成立、有效存續(xù)和資格完備的法人公司。模糊用語的翻譯模糊詞對(duì)模糊詞25中翻英：體現(xiàn)專業(yè)性專業(yè)用語的使用正式用語的使用同義詞的選擇中翻英：體現(xiàn)專業(yè)性專業(yè)用語的使用26專業(yè)用語的使用“不可抗力”翻譯成“forcemajeure”或“actofGod”“不動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓”譯成“conveyance”“停業(yè)”是“windupabusiness”或“ceaseabusiness”“實(shí)際履行”為“specificperformance”“援引”是“invoke”專業(yè)用語的使用“不可抗力”翻譯成“forcemajeu27正式用語的使用“因?yàn)椤钡亩陶Z多用“byvirtueof”，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于“dueto”，一般不用“becauseof”；“財(cái)政年度末”一般用“atthecloseofthefiscalyear”，而不用“intheendofthefiscalyear”；“在……之前”一般用“priorto”，而不用“before”；“關(guān)于”常用“withregardto”,“concerning”或“relatingto”，而不會(huì)用“about”；“開始”用“commence”，而不用“start”或“begin”；“停止做”用“ceasetodo”，而不用“stoptodo”；“其他事項(xiàng)”用“miscellaneous”,而不用“othermatters/events”；“理解合同”用“construeacontract”“comprehendacontract”，而不用“understandacontract”；“認(rèn)為”用“deem”,較少使用“consider”,不用“think”或“believe”；“愿意做”用“intendtodo”或“desiretodo”,而不用“wanttodo”,“wishtodo”；“鑒于”用“whereas”，而基本不用“giventhefactthat”；“根據(jù)”用“pursuantto”或“inaccordancewith”,而不用“accordingto”。正式用語的使用“因?yàn)椤钡亩陶Z多用“byvirtueof28同義詞的選擇mortgage,hypothecate,pledge,lien,securityThecarriershallhavealienonthegoodsforfreight,deadfreight,demurrageandanyotheramountpayablebythecargo.譯文：承運(yùn)人得因未付運(yùn)費(fèi)、空艙費(fèi)、逾期費(fèi)和其它一切有關(guān)貨物的款額而對(duì)貨物行使留置權(quán)。他用房子作抵押向銀行借款譯文：Heraisedamortgageonahousefromabank.同義詞的選擇mortgage,hypothecate,29句的翻譯英翻中：注重可讀性中翻英：蘊(yùn)含莊重性句的翻譯英翻中：注重可讀性30英翻中：注重可讀性增補(bǔ)和省略語態(tài)調(diào)整語序調(diào)整長句拆分英翻中：注重可讀性增補(bǔ)和省略31增補(bǔ)和省略Civilactionsgenerallyarebroughtforbreachofacontract,orforawrongortort.譯文：一般來說，當(dāng)事人都是因?yàn)閷?duì)方違約、違法或侵權(quán)而對(duì)其提起民事訴訟的。例2：TheformationofthisContract,itsvalidity,interpretation,executionandsettlementofdisputesinconnectionherewithshallbegovernedbythelawsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(“PRC”),butintheeventthatthereisnopublishedandpubliclyavailablelawinthePRCgoverningaparticularmatterrelatingtothisContract,referenceshallbemadetogeneralinternationalcommercialpractices.譯文：本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、執(zhí)行及合同爭議的解決，均受中華人民共和國（“中國”）法律管轄。中國頒布的法律對(duì)本合同相關(guān)的某一事項(xiàng)未作規(guī)定的，參照國際商業(yè)慣例。增補(bǔ)和省略Civilactionsgenerally32語態(tài)調(diào)整Criminallawisenforcedonbehalfofthestate.譯文：刑法由國家強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。AfterCompletion,theVendorshallnotinanywayholditselfoutorpermititselftobeheldoutasbeinginterestedin,orinanywayconnectedwith,theCompany.譯文：交易完成后，賣方不得自稱，也不得允許他人宣稱賣方在公司中擁有權(quán)益或與公司有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。Courtsarediscouragedfrompassingsentencesofimprisonmentonoffendersunder18yearsofage.譯文：不鼓勵(lì)法院對(duì)未滿18歲的罪犯作出徒刑判決。語態(tài)調(diào)整Criminallawisenforcedo33語序調(diào)整SubjecttotheprovisionofArticle12，theGeneralAssemblymayrecommendmeasuresforthepeacefuladjustmentofanysituation，regardlessoforigin，whichitdeemslikelytoimpairthegeneralwelfareorfriendlyrelationsamongnations，includingsituationsresultingfromaviolationoftheprovisionofthepresentchartersettingforththePurposesandPrinciplesoftheUnitedNations.譯文：大會(huì)對(duì)于其所認(rèn)為足以妨害國際間公共福利或友好關(guān)系之任何情勢(shì)，不論其起源如何，包括由違反本憲章所述聯(lián)合國宗旨及原則之規(guī)定而起之情勢(shì)，可以建議和平調(diào)整方法，但以不違背第十二條之規(guī)定為限。語序調(diào)整Subjecttotheprovision34長句拆分AnyincometaxonincomeearnedbyconsultantwithinthePRCpursuanttothiscontractandsubjecttotaxationaccordingtotheIncometaxLawofthePRCConcerningEnterpriseswithForeignInvestmentandForeignEnterprisesandotherrelevantlawsandregulationsshallpaidbyConsultant.譯文一：顧問就按本合同在中國境內(nèi)賺取的所得并按《中華人民共和國外商投資企業(yè)和外國企業(yè)所得稅法》和其他有關(guān)的法律法規(guī)而被征收的任何所得稅應(yīng)由顧問支付。譯文二：顧問按本合同在中國境內(nèi)賺取的所得，按《中華人民共和國外商投資企業(yè)和外國企業(yè)所得稅法》以及其他法律法規(guī)須納稅的，應(yīng)由顧問繳納所得稅。長句拆分Anyincometaxonincomee35中翻英：蘊(yùn)含莊重性使用固定句式使用插入結(jié)構(gòu)短語替代從句中翻英：蘊(yùn)含莊重性使用固定句式36使用固定句式根據(jù)under,inaccordancewith,subjectto,pursuantto,asprovidedin該報(bào)盤以貴公司的接受于十月十五日以前到達(dá)敝公司為準(zhǔn)。譯文：TheofferissubjecttoyouracceptancereachingusbeforeOctober15th.根據(jù)《行政程序法》可得到司法復(fù)審。譯文：JudicialreviewisavailablepursuanttotheAdministrativeProcedureAct.使用固定句式根據(jù)under,inaccordanc37在不損害……的情況下withoutprejudiceto此類措施不得損害各成員在GATT1994項(xiàng)下的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。譯文：SuchactionsshallbewithoutprejudicetotherightsandobligationsofMembersunderGATT1994.在不損害……的情況下withoutprejudic38有權(quán)做havetherighttodo,beentitledto,maydo,beauthorizedtodo,reservetherighttodo人民代表大會(huì)代表有權(quán)向國家機(jī)關(guān)提出質(zhì)詢。譯文：DeputiestothePeople'sCongresseshavetherighttoaddressinquiriestostateorgans.婦女有權(quán)享有產(chǎn)假。譯文：Womenareentitledtomaternityleave.有權(quán)做havetherighttodo,bee39有義務(wù)，有責(zé)任做havetheobligationtodo,shall/willdo,beobligedto,undertheobligationstodo,shallbeliabletodo,shallbeliablefor托運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)如實(shí)填報(bào)托運(yùn)單。譯文：SHIPPERshalltruthfullyfillinthegoodsconsignmentnote.銀行在其營業(yè)時(shí)間外，無接受提交單據(jù)的義務(wù)。譯文：Banksareundernoobligationtoacceptpresentationofdocumentsoutsidetheirbankinghours.運(yùn)輸公司將對(duì)損壞負(fù)責(zé)。譯文：Theshippingcompanywillbeliableforthedamage有義務(wù)，有責(zé)任做havetheobligationt40另有規(guī)定的除外/如無另行規(guī)定unlessotherwiseprovided/stipulated/stated,exceptasotherwiseprovided除本法另有規(guī)定外，香港特別行政區(qū)立法會(huì)對(duì)法案和議案的表決采取下列程序:譯文：UnlessotherwiseprovidedforinthisLaw,theLegislativeCouncilshalladoptthefollowingproceduresforvotingonbillsandmotions:除另有明確約定外，本協(xié)議和根據(jù)本協(xié)議進(jìn)行的仲裁應(yīng)適用中華人民共和國法律。譯文：Exceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovided,thelawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashallapplytothisAgreementandtothearbitrationconductedunderthisAgreement.另有規(guī)定的除外/如無另行規(guī)定unlessotherwise41……的whoever，anyonewho具有下列條件之一的，可以參加執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師資格考試。譯文：Whoevermeetsoneofthefollowingrequirementsmaytaketheexaminationsforthequalificationsofalicenseddoctor.具有高等學(xué)校醫(yī)學(xué)?？苹蛘咧械葘I(yè)學(xué)校醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)歷，在執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師指導(dǎo)下，在醫(yī)療、預(yù)防、保健機(jī)構(gòu)中試用期滿1年的，可以參加執(zhí)業(yè)助理醫(yī)師資格考試。譯文：Anyonewhohasreachedthelevelofagraduatefromthefacultyofmedicineofauniversityorapolytechnicschooland，undertheguidanceofalicenseddoctor，workedonprobationforatleastoneyearinthemedicaltreatment，disease-preventionorhealthcareinstitutionmaytaketheexaminationsforthequalificationsofanassistantdoctor.

……的whoever，anyonewho42在……前提下providedthat在不會(huì)對(duì)調(diào)查的進(jìn)行或執(zhí)法構(gòu)成不合理延遲或阻礙的前提下，你可與一名法律顧問通訊和商議。譯文：Providedthatnounreasonabledelayorhindranceiscausedtotheprocessesofinvestigationortheadministrationofjusticeyoumaycommunicateandconsultwithalegaladviser.在……前提下providedthat43如果if,intheeventthat,incaseof,where,should發(fā)生下列情況之一的，甲方得終止本契約。譯文：IntheeventtheEmployeeisfoundtohaveviolatedanyofthefollowings,theEmployermayterminatethiscontract.延長工作時(shí)間在兩小時(shí)以內(nèi)者，按平日每小時(shí)工資加給三分之一。譯文：Wheretheovertimedoesnotexceed2hours,theEmployeeshallbepaidinadditiontohisregularhourlywage,anadditional1/3ofregularhourlyrate.如果這是份可轉(zhuǎn)移的信用證并且需要我們的授權(quán)才會(huì)使之生效，請(qǐng)注意我們沒有這樣的義務(wù)。譯文：Shouldthisbeatransferablecreditandshouldwebeauthorizedtoeffectsuchtransfer,pleasenotethatweareundernoobligationtodoso.如果if,intheeventthat,in44一……就……uponsth.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)令一經(jīng)作出,有關(guān)幼年人的父母或監(jiān)護(hù)人所具有的關(guān)于該幼年人日后的管養(yǎng)、贍養(yǎng)和教育方面的一切權(quán)利、職責(zé)、義務(wù)和法律責(zé)任均告終絕。譯文：Uponanadoptionorderbeingmade,allrights,duties,obligationsandliabilitiesoftheparentsorguardiansoftheinfantinrelationtothefuturecustody,maintenanceandeducationoftheinfantshallbeextinguished.一……就……uponsth.45使用插入結(jié)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)自接到主管機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)通知后30日內(nèi)辦理工商登記手續(xù)。譯文：Applicantswithin30daysuponreceiptofnoticeofapprovalfromrelevantcompetentauthority,shallgothroughindustrialandcommercialregistration.如果當(dāng)事人一方收到按照第一款提出的建議后三十天內(nèi)未能遴選獨(dú)任仲裁員達(dá)成協(xié)議，則應(yīng)由當(dāng)事人所約定的指定機(jī)關(guān)指定獨(dú)任仲裁員。譯文：If,withinthirtydaysafterreceiptbyapartyofaproposalmadeinaccordancewithparagraph1,thepartieshavenotreachedagreementonthechoiceofasolearbitrator,thesolearbitratorshallbeappointedbytheappointingauthorityagreeduponbytheparties.要約可以撤回。撤回要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約到達(dá)受要約人之前或者與要約同時(shí)到達(dá)受要約人。譯文：Theoffermaybewithdrawn,if,beforeoratthesametimewhenanofferarrives,thewithdrawalnoticereachestheofferee.使用插入結(jié)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)自接到主管機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)通知后30日內(nèi)辦理工商46短語替代從句任何違反本款規(guī)定試圖轉(zhuǎn)讓股份的行為均歸于無效。譯文一：AnyconductwhichattemptstoassignthesharesandviolatestheprovisionsofthisSectionshallbevoid.譯文二：AnyattemptedassignmentofthesharesinviolationoftheprovisionsofthisSectionshallbevoid.合營企業(yè)如發(fā)生嚴(yán)重虧損、一方不履行合同和章程規(guī)定的義務(wù)、不可抗力等，經(jīng)合營各方協(xié)商同意，報(bào)請(qǐng)審查批準(zhǔn)機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)、并向國家工商行政管理主管部門登記，可終止合同。譯文：Incaseofheavylosses,failureofapartytoperformitsobligationsunderthecontractandthearticlesofassociation,orforcemajeureetc.,thepartiestothejointventuremayterminatethecontractthroughtheirconsultationandagreement,subjecttoapprovalbytheexaminationandapprovalauthoritiesandtoregistrationwiththestate’scompetentdepartmentinchargeofindustryandcommerceadministration.短語替代從句任何違反本款規(guī)定試圖轉(zhuǎn)讓股份的行為均歸于無效。47篇章的翻譯銜接代詞的使用語言的時(shí)代性篇章的翻譯銜接48翻譯訓(xùn)練公司章程合同和協(xié)議書公證書翻譯訓(xùn)練公司章程49公司章程limitedliabilitycompany有限責(zé)任公司joint-stocklimitedcompany/Co.Ltd.股份有限公司one-personlimitedliabilitycompany一人公司whollystate-ownedcompany國有獨(dú)資公司commonstock/share普通股preferentialstock/share優(yōu)先股issueandtransferofshares股份的發(fā)行和轉(zhuǎn)讓companybonds公司債券shareholder股東director董事president/chairmanoftheboard董事長generalmanager總經(jīng)理supervisor監(jiān)事boardofdirectors董事會(huì)generalmeetingofshareholders股東會(huì)公司章程limitedliabilitycompany50合同和協(xié)議書合同vs.協(xié)議銷售協(xié)議雇傭合同合同和協(xié)議書合同vs.協(xié)議51銷售合同titleornameanddomicileoftheparities（當(dāng)事人的名稱或姓名和住址）contractobject（標(biāo)的）quantity（數(shù)量）quality（質(zhì)量）priceorremuneration（價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬）timelimit，placeandmethodofperformance（履行期限、地點(diǎn)和方式）liabilityforbreachofcontract（違約責(zé)任）methodstosettledisputes（解決爭議的方法）銷售合同titleornameanddomicil52雇傭合同Thename,domicileandlegalrepresentativeormainpersoninchargeoftheEmployer(用人單位的名稱、住所和法定代表人或者主要負(fù)責(zé)人);Thename,domicileandnumberoftheresidentIDcardorothervalididentitydocumentoftheEmployee(勞動(dòng)者的姓名、住址和居民身份證或者其他有效身份證件號(hào)碼);Thetermoftheemploymentcontract(勞動(dòng)合同期限);Thejobdescriptionandtheplaceofwork(工作內(nèi)容和工作地點(diǎn));Workinghours,restandleave(工作時(shí)間和休息休假);Laborcompensation(勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬);Socialinsurance(社會(huì)保險(xiǎn));Laborprotection,workingconditionsandprotectionagainstoccupationalhazards(勞動(dòng)保護(hù)、勞動(dòng)條件和職業(yè)危害防護(hù));Othermatterswhichlawsandstatutesrequiretobeincludedinemploymentcontracts（法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)納入勞動(dòng)合同的其他事項(xiàng)）。雇傭合同Thename,domicileandle53公證書合同公證書委托公證書商標(biāo)注冊(cè)公證書招標(biāo)投標(biāo)公證書公證書合同公證書54合同公證書

______,COMMONWEALTHss.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOFTHENORTHERNMARIANAISLANDOnthis______dayof______,20______,personallyappearedbeforeme______and______,knowntometobetheperson(s)whosesignature(s)is/aresubscribedtometobetheforegoinginstrumentandwhoacknowledgedtomethathe/she/theyexecutedthesameasavoluntaryactforthepurposessetforththerein.INWITNESSWHEREOF,Ihavehereuntosetmyhandandofficialsealonthedayandyearfirstwrittenabove.______NOTARYPUBLIC合同公證書______,COMMONWEALTH55_________聯(lián)邦馬里亞納群島公證書茲證明______和______于_____年_____月_____日，在我的面前，簽訂上述____合同。經(jīng)查，此行為是他（她）（他們）按合同精神自愿履行的。_____公證員（簽名）_________聯(lián)邦馬里亞納群島公證書56委托公證書STATEOFNEWJERSEYss.COUNTYOFFRANKLINOnthisfirstdayofMay,1996,beforemepersonallyappearedJohnSmith,knowntometobethepersonwhosenameissubscribedastheattorneyinfactforJefferyGrove,andacknowledgedthatheexecutedthesameastheactofhisprincipalforthepurposecontainedtherein.INWITNESSWHEREOF,Ihavehereuntosetmyhandandofficialsealonthedayandintheyearfirstwrittenabove.(seal)_________________NotaryPublicMycommissionexpiresMay1,19__委托公證書STATEOFNEWJERSEY57新澤西州富蘭克林縣公證書茲證明約翰·史密斯于1996年5月1日來到我面前，登記作為杰弗里·格羅夫的代理人，并聲稱他將為委托人代理委托書中所規(guī)定的一切事項(xiàng)。（蓋章）公證員（簽名）公證期限直至19____年5月1日為止新澤西州富蘭克林縣公證書58商標(biāo)注冊(cè)公證書公證書（）____字第____號(hào)茲證明我國____廠（或公司）生產(chǎn)的____（貨名）的___商標(biāo)注冊(cè)證（編號(hào)或登記號(hào)為____號(hào)）系我國工商行政管理總局出具。該商標(biāo)的專有權(quán)屬于我國____廠（或公司）。商標(biāo)圖案附后。中華人民共和國____省____市公證處公證員_____（簽名）____年____月____日商標(biāo)注冊(cè)公證書59NOTARIALCERTIFICATE（）____Zi,No.____ThisistocertifythatNo.____TrademarkRegistrationCertificate,identifyingthe____Trademarkon____（thenameofthegoods）producedby____Factory（orCompany）,isissuedbytheGeneralAdministrationforIndustryandCommerceofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.____Factory（orCompany）isentitledtotheexclusiverightoftheTrademarkRegistration.INWITNESSWHEREOF,Ihereuntosetmyhandandofficialsealonthe____（Date）.Notary:____(Signature)____NotaryPublicOffice(Seal)____ProvinceThePeople’sRepublicofChina

60招標(biāo)投標(biāo)公證書公證書（）_____字第_____號(hào)茲證明______（招標(biāo)單位全稱）于____年____月____日在____地對(duì)____（招標(biāo)項(xiàng)目名稱）舉行了公開招標(biāo)，____、____、____（投標(biāo)單位全稱）參加了投標(biāo)，____（中標(biāo)單位全稱）中標(biāo)（或全部投標(biāo)單位均為中標(biāo)）。經(jīng)審查和現(xiàn)場監(jiān)督，招標(biāo)項(xiàng)目與招標(biāo)活動(dòng)已或主管部分批準(zhǔn)，招標(biāo)方與投標(biāo)方____（投標(biāo)單位全稱）均具有合法的招標(biāo)、投標(biāo)資格（或____因____原因不具有投標(biāo)資格），投標(biāo)方____（投標(biāo)單位全稱）所投標(biāo)書均符合招標(biāo)文件的規(guī)定，為有效書（或增加____（投標(biāo)單位全稱）所投標(biāo)書，因____（原因）無效），整個(gè)過程的投標(biāo)、開標(biāo)、評(píng)標(biāo)、定標(biāo)，活動(dòng)均符合____（相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章）和招標(biāo)文件的規(guī)定，招標(biāo)結(jié)果合法，有效。中華人民共和國____省____市公證處公證員_____（簽名）____年____月____日招標(biāo)投標(biāo)公證書公證書61NOTARIALCERTIFICATE()____Zi,No.____THISISTOCERTIFYthat_________invitedcompetitivebiddingfor____

at____on____day,____,____,and____,____and____madebidsfortheabovementionedprojectwhile____becamethesuccessfulbidder(ornoneofthebiddershereinwassuccessful).Itwasverifiedandtestifiedatthesitethatthetenderingprojectandprocedureswereallapprovedbytherelevantauthorities,thevendor(orpurchaser)____andthetenderers,

____,____and____wereallentitledtothetender(or

____wasnotentitledtothetenderbecauseof

____).Thewholeprocessofbidding,opening,appraisingandawardingwasincompliancewith________andrelevantrulesandtheoutcomeofthetenderislegalandvalid.INWITNESSWHEREOF,Ihavehereuntosetmyhandandofficialsealonthedayandyearfirstwrittenabove

Notary:____(Signature)____NotaryPublicOffice(Seal)____ProvinceThePeople’sRepublicofChinaNOTARIALCERTIFICATE62第六章法律題材翻譯第六章法律題材翻譯63法律題材文本特點(diǎn)法律英語的詞匯特征一、古英語和中世紀(jì)英語二、拉丁語和法語三、法律術(shù)語和行話四、具有法律意義的常用詞五、同義詞或近義詞的并列六、準(zhǔn)確性詞語和模糊性詞語七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞法律題材文本特點(diǎn)法律英語的詞匯特征64古英語詞語aforementionedforegoingherebyhereinheretonotwithstandingpursuanttosaiththereoftowitwherefore前述的前述的特此于此處至此盡管根據(jù)說（第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)）其即為何，因此古英語詞語65拉丁語alibibonafideexpartehabeascorpusinreinteralialexforipercapitaperseprimafaciequorumultraviresversus不在犯罪現(xiàn)場善意單方人身保護(hù)令有關(guān)…事宜在其他事項(xiàng)中法院地法人均本身初步的，表面的法定人數(shù)越權(quán)行為訴，對(duì)拉丁語66法語easementforcemajeurelachesliensuittorttrespass地役權(quán)不可抗力疏忽延誤留置權(quán)訴訟侵權(quán)侵犯、闖入私人領(lǐng)地法語67常見的法律術(shù)語clause 條款decree 法令draft 法案，草案lawenforcement 法律的實(shí)施legislation 立法offender 罪犯specificperformance實(shí)際履行will 遺囑常見的法律術(shù)語clause68常見的法律行話alleged 被指控的causeofaction 訴由damages 賠償金dayincourt 出庭日dueprocessoflaw法律正當(dāng)程序issueoffact 事實(shí)上的爭論點(diǎn)issueoflaw 法律上的爭論點(diǎn)legalfiction 法律擬制materialevidence 關(guān)鍵證據(jù)pleabargain 辯訴交易（認(rèn)罪求情協(xié)議）reasonabledoubt 合理懷疑reasonableman 正常的人subrogation 代位權(quán)withoutprejudice 不使合法權(quán)利受到損害常見的法律行話69具有法律意義的常用詞常用詞actionbriefconstructionfindingmotionpracticesecurityservice一般意義行動(dòng)簡短的，簡潔的建設(shè)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)練習(xí)，實(shí)踐安全服務(wù)法律意義訴訟案情說明書（法律）解釋判決，裁定動(dòng)議訴訟程序，訴訟實(shí)務(wù)抵押品，擔(dān)保品送達(dá)（傳票）具有法律意義的常用詞常用詞一般意義法律意義70同義詞或近義詞的并列acknowledgeandconfessauthorize,directandempowerbusiness,enterpriseandundertakingbyandwithcancel,annulandsetasideceaseandcometoanendceaseandterminatefinalandconclusiveforandonbehalfofgiveandgranthave,holdandpossesslastwillandtestamentmentionedorreferredtomodifiedandchangedobey,observeandcomplywithright,titleandinterestsaveandexcepttrueandcorrectvoidandofnoeffectwithinandunderthetermsof同義詞或近義詞的并列acknowledgeandcon71準(zhǔn)確性詞語alleachandeveryimpossibleirrevocablenevernoneunavoidablewhereverwhoever

所有的每一個(gè)不可能不可撤消永遠(yuǎn)不沒有無法避免任何地方任何人準(zhǔn)確性詞語all所有的72模糊性詞語adequatedueprocessexcessiveimproperreasonablespeedrelatedsufficientunreasonable

適當(dāng)?shù)恼?dāng)程序額外的不適當(dāng)?shù)暮侠淼乃俣认嚓P(guān)的足夠的不合理的模糊性詞語adequate適當(dāng)?shù)?3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）shall約定當(dāng)事人的義務(wù)（應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么）maynot（或shallnot）用于禁止性義務(wù)（不得做什么）

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）74法律英語的句式特征陳述句完整句被動(dòng)句長句法律英語的句式特征陳述句75陳述句Whoevercommitsarson,breachesadike,causesexplosion,spreadspoisonorusesotherdangerousmeanstosabotageanyfactory,mine,oilfield,harbor,river,watersource,warehouse,house,forest,farm,threshinggrounds,pasture,keypipeline,publicbuildingoranyotherpublicorprivateproperty,therebyendangeringpublicsecuritybutcausingnoseriousconsequences,shallbesentencedtofixed-termimprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyearsbutnotmorethantenyears.陳述句Whoevercommitsarson,bre76完整句IntheContract（ashereinafterdefined）thefollowingwordsandexpressionsshallhavethemeaningsherebyassignedtothem,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:1.1"Employer"meansthepersonnamedassuchinthiscontractandthelegalsuccessorsintitletosuchperson,butnot（exceptwiththeconsentoftheContractor）anyassigneeofsuchperson.1.2"Contractor"meansthepersonwhosetenderhasbeenacceptedbytheEmployerandthelegalsuccessorsintitletosuchpersonbutnot（exceptwiththeconsentoftheEmployer）anyassigneeofsuchperson.1.3"Subcontractor"meansanypersonnamedintheContractasaSubcontractorforapartoftheWorksoranypersontowhomapartoftheWorkshasbeensubcontractedwiththeconsentoftheEngineerandthelegalsuccessorsintitletosuchperson,butnotanyassigneeofanysuchperson.…完整句IntheContract（ashereina77被動(dòng)句Thevalidityofanarbitrationclauseoranarbitrationagreementshallnotbeaffectedbythemodification，rescission，termination，invalidity，revocationornon-existenceofthecontract.Adequatefoodandrefreshmentwillbesuppliedfree.Youarenotentitledtoreceivefromoutsideanythingexcepttheba