動名詞講解和練習(xí)課件

Usefulstructure(30m)Theuseofdoing(動名詞)Usefulstructure(30m)Theu1一、動名詞的形式

主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一、動名詞的形式主動形式被動形式一般式doingbe2（一）動名詞的時態(tài)：動名詞的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,或在謂語動詞所發(fā)生的動作之后發(fā)生.Wewereinterestedinplayingchess.同時Sheislookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.之后動名詞的完成式所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.（一）動名詞的時態(tài)：3(二).動名詞的語態(tài)如果動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞的承受著,這時用動名詞的被動式.Hewasafraidofbeingleftathome.Thehouseshowednosignofhavingbeendamaged.(二).動名詞的語態(tài)4注意：主動表示被動1.want/require/need/deserve(應(yīng)得)doing=want/require/need/deservetobedone2.beworthdoing注意：主動表示被動5三.功能及用法:動名詞可作主語,表語,賓語,定語.做主語①動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。Talkingiseasierthandoing.Collectingstampsishishobby.(謂語用單數(shù)）注意：動名詞和不定時都可做主語,動名詞表示泛指的一般的或抽象的多次性行為;不定式表示具體的或一次性動作.Torefusehimthistimeisnoteasy.Playingwithfireisdangerous.三.功能及用法:動名詞可作主語,表語,賓語,定語.6②用形式主語it，把真正的主語——動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，等。如：It’snouse/nogood/noneeddoingsth.It’sfundoingsth.It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.It’suseless/usefuldoingsth.Thereisnosense/pointdoingsth.Thereisnoneedtodosth

②用形式主語it，把真正的主語——動名詞結(jié)7玩電腦游戲浪費時間1)____________________________computergames.2)試圖和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。_______________________________withShylock．Itisuselesstryingtoargue跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。3)Itisfun_________________________It'sawasteoftimeofplayingworkingwithyou．玩電腦游戲浪費時間Itisuselesstrying82.作表語動名詞作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容?？膳c主語互換。Myjobisteaching.---Teachingismyjob.Herfavouritesportisplayingfootball.---Playingfootballisherfavouritesport.現(xiàn)在分詞也可以做表語,多是形容詞化的分詞.Thebookisinteresting.2.作表語9

3.作賓語.動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。①只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannothelp，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。如：Ican’tavoidgoing．Haveyouconsideredgoingtothezoo?

這類動詞還有：excuse，fancy，giveup，putoff，risk等。3.作賓語.10為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：避免，錯過，（少）延期建議，完成，（多）練習(xí)喜歡，想象，禁不住承認，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒險，（多）原諒忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：避免，11②既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A．在like，love，hate，prefer等動詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點有些不同,動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。B．在begin/start，continue之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時候。C．在動詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動作，如：②既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：begin12Irememberpostingtheletter．我記得我已把信寄了。2)I’llremembertoposttheletter．我會記著去寄信的。3)Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter．__________________________________________________4)Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother．__________________________________________________

5)

我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。

________________________________________________6)我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。

________________________________________________我永遠不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。

不要忘了給你母親寫信。Iregretmissingthereport．IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice．Irememberpostingtheletter．13D．在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如trytodo(設(shè)法)，trydoing(試試)，meantodo(打算，有意要做)，meandoing(意思是，意味著)。如：1)我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切搞好。

Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime．2)我們用別的方法做這工作試試。Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway．3)Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry．_________________________________________________4)Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours．_________________________________________________我并不想叫你生氣。你的計劃意味著要花費幾個小時。

D．在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如trytod14E·goondoing和goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；goontodo接著做另一件事。如：1)請接著做這同一個練習(xí)。________________________thesameexercise．2)請做另外一個練習(xí)。________________________theotherexercise．F．stopdoing與stoptodo:Stopdoing停止做，stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我們停止了交談。________________________________我們停了下來去談話。____________________________PleasegoondoingPleasegoontodoWestoppedtalking．Westoppedtotalk．E·goondoing和goontodoPle15A.作介詞賓語.動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。A．介詞+動名詞，如：1)我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.2)我向你道歉，剛才對你那樣生氣。Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.A.作介詞賓語.動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。A．16

B．動詞+介詞+動名詞，如：1)我堅持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。

Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition．2)同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容，相反都做了怪臉。_________________，eachofthemmadeaface．她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。

Shewasvery________________________forourcompany．InsteadofsmilinginterestedinworkingB．動詞+介詞+動名詞，如：Insteadofsmil17下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:習(xí)慣于舊方式的人堅持反對新事物,這樣導(dǎo)致許多獻身于科學(xué)的人被宣判為大逆不道.不喜歡這種事實的人談到此事時,總期待著注意自己的努力使它開始認真對待.下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:習(xí)慣18習(xí)慣于be/getusedto堅持stickto反對objectto導(dǎo)致leadto獻身于devoteto被宣判besentencedto談到

whenitcomesto...期待lookforwardto開始getdownto注意payattentionto習(xí)慣于be/getusedto談到whenitc194.作定語動名詞作定語常表示所修飾詞的詞用途或使用目的,

如：aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming

thewaitingroom=theroomforwaitingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示所修飾詞動作或狀態(tài)asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping4.作定語20四.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指動名詞可以有邏輯主語，通常是形容詞性物主代詞(his,my,their…)，或名詞所有格(Mary’s,Jim’s…)，

即形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格+doingMary’scomingmadeushappy.Hercomingmadeushappy.HeinsistedonMary’slivingintheroom.四.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)21

1).當(dāng)動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語時，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。

1)我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。Mysister'sbeingillmadeweworried.

2)你正確未必就意味著我錯了。Yourbeingrightdoesn'tnecessarilymean___________________________.mybeingwrong提示:1).當(dāng)動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語時，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物222)如動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不在句首,可用代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格+doing構(gòu)成WearegladatTom/Tom’scoming.Wouldmindme/myopeningthedoor?3).動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)如為無生命的東西，或不定代詞加動名詞則不能加’s或s’。Thenoisesofdesksbeingopenedandclosed

couldbeheardinthestreet.2)如動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不在句首,可用代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格23Exercises

Markoftenattemptstoescape____wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.havingbeenfinedB)tohavebeenfinedC)tobefinedD)beingfine2)Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.

A)tohaveheardB)tohear

C)forhearingD)hearing

DDExercisesDD243)Thethieftookawaythewoman'swalletwithout____beingseenB)seeingC)himseeingD)seeinghim4)I'veenjoyed____totalkwithyou.

A)tobeableB)beingable

C)tobeenableD)ofbeingable5)Noonecanavoid____byadvertisements.

A)tobeinfluencedB)beinginfluenced

C)influencingD)havinginfluence

ABB3)Thethieftookawaythewom256)Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.

A)ofbuyingthehouseB)withbuyingthehouse

C)buyingthehouseD)tobuythehouse

7)IfIhadremembered____thedoor,thethingswouldnothavebeenstolen.

A)tolockB)lockingC)tohavelockedD)shavingslocked

CA6)Theyareconsidering____b268)Yourshirtneeds____.You'dbetterhaveitdonetoday.

A)ironB)toiron

C)ironingD)beingironed

9)Youcan'thelp____commercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.

A)tohearB)tobeheard

C)hearingD)withhearing

CC8)Yourshirtneeds____.You'2710)Mytransistorradioisn'tworking.It____.

A)needrepairingB)needstorepair

C)needsrepairingD)needtoberepaired

11)Itisnouse____menottoworry.

A)youtellB)yourtelling

C)foryoutohavetoldD)havingtold

CB10)Mytransistorradioisn't2812)Heisverybusy____hispapers.Heisfartoobusy____callers.

A)towrite...toreceiveB)writing...toreceive

C)writing...receivingD)towrite...forreceiving

B13)Pleasestop____,boys,Ihavesomethingimportantto____you.

A)saying...talkB)telling...say

C)talking...speakD)talking...tell

D12)Heisverybusy____hisp2914)Iremember____tohelpusifweevergotsintotrouble.

A)onceofferingB)himonceoffering

C)himtoofferD)toofferhim

15)Johnregretted____tothemeetinglastweek.

A)notgoingB)nottogo

C)notshavingsbeengoingD)nottobegoing

BA14)Iremember____tohelpus3016)Itisdifficulttogetused____inatentafterhavingasoft,comfortablebedtolieon.

A)sleepB)tosleeping

C)sleptD)tosleep

17)Doyoufeellike____outorwouldyourather____dinnerathome?

A)going...tohaveB)togo...tohave

C)togo...havingD)going...have

BD

16)Itisdifficulttogetuse3118)Wecan'timagine____intheentranceexamination,forshehasneverbeentoschool.

A)shesucceedingB)hersucceeding

C)shesucceedD)hertosucceed

19)Idon'tlike____atme.

A)themlaughingB)theirlaugh

C)themlaughD)themtohavelaughed

BA18)Wecan'timagine____inth3220)Wesuggested____inhotelsbutthechildrenwereanxious____out.

A)sleeping...tocampB)sleeping...camping

C)tosleep...tocampD)tosleep...camping

21)Ihavenoobjection____theeveningwiththem.

A)tospendB)tospendingC)ofspendingD)spending

AB20)Wesuggested____inhotels3322)Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy____forherexamination.

A)toprepareB)tobeprepared

C)preparingD)beingprepared

23)Itisnogood____remembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopractisewhatyouhavelearned.

A)tryingtoB)totryto

C)trytoD)triedto

CA22)Jeandidnothavetimetog3424)“Whywereyousolateforworktoday?”“____totheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffic.”

A)DrivingB)Idrove

C)TodriveD)ThatIdrove

25)Itwasimpoliteofhim____without____good-bye.

A)toleave,sayingB)leaving,tosay

C)toleave,tosayD)leaving,saying

AA24)“Whywereyousolateforw35seeyouseeyou36Usefulstructure(30m)Theuseofdoing(動名詞)Usefulstructure(30m)Theu37一、動名詞的形式

主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一、動名詞的形式主動形式被動形式一般式doingbe38（一）動名詞的時態(tài)：動名詞的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,或在謂語動詞所發(fā)生的動作之后發(fā)生.Wewereinterestedinplayingchess.同時Sheislookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.之后動名詞的完成式所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.（一）動名詞的時態(tài)：39(二).動名詞的語態(tài)如果動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞的承受著,這時用動名詞的被動式.Hewasafraidofbeingleftathome.Thehouseshowednosignofhavingbeendamaged.(二).動名詞的語態(tài)40注意：主動表示被動1.want/require/need/deserve(應(yīng)得)doing=want/require/need/deservetobedone2.beworthdoing注意：主動表示被動41三.功能及用法:動名詞可作主語,表語,賓語,定語.做主語①動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。Talkingiseasierthandoing.Collectingstampsishishobby.(謂語用單數(shù)）注意：動名詞和不定時都可做主語,動名詞表示泛指的一般的或抽象的多次性行為;不定式表示具體的或一次性動作.Torefusehimthistimeisnoteasy.Playingwithfireisdangerous.三.功能及用法:動名詞可作主語,表語,賓語,定語.42②用形式主語it，把真正的主語——動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，等。如：It’snouse/nogood/noneeddoingsth.It’sfundoingsth.It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.It’suseless/usefuldoingsth.Thereisnosense/pointdoingsth.Thereisnoneedtodosth

②用形式主語it，把真正的主語——動名詞結(jié)43玩電腦游戲浪費時間1)____________________________computergames.2)試圖和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。_______________________________withShylock．Itisuselesstryingtoargue跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。3)Itisfun_________________________It'sawasteoftimeofplayingworkingwithyou．玩電腦游戲浪費時間Itisuselesstrying442.作表語動名詞作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容?？膳c主語互換。Myjobisteaching.---Teachingismyjob.Herfavouritesportisplayingfootball.---Playingfootballisherfavouritesport.現(xiàn)在分詞也可以做表語,多是形容詞化的分詞.Thebookisinteresting.2.作表語45

3.作賓語.動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。①只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannothelp，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。如：Ican’tavoidgoing．Haveyouconsideredgoingtothezoo?

這類動詞還有：excuse，fancy，giveup，putoff，risk等。3.作賓語.46為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：避免，錯過，（少）延期建議，完成，（多）練習(xí)喜歡，想象，禁不住承認，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒險，（多）原諒忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：避免，47②既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A．在like，love，hate，prefer等動詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點有些不同,動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。B．在begin/start，continue之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時候。C．在動詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動作，如：②既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：begin48Irememberpostingtheletter．我記得我已把信寄了。2)I’llremembertoposttheletter．我會記著去寄信的。3)Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter．__________________________________________________4)Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother．__________________________________________________

5)

我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。

________________________________________________6)我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。

________________________________________________我永遠不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。

不要忘了給你母親寫信。Iregretmissingthereport．IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice．Irememberpostingtheletter．49D．在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如trytodo(設(shè)法)，trydoing(試試)，meantodo(打算，有意要做)，meandoing(意思是，意味著)。如：1)我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切搞好。

Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime．2)我們用別的方法做這工作試試。Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway．3)Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry．_________________________________________________4)Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours．_________________________________________________我并不想叫你生氣。你的計劃意味著要花費幾個小時。

D．在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如trytod50E·goondoing和goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；goontodo接著做另一件事。如：1)請接著做這同一個練習(xí)。________________________thesameexercise．2)請做另外一個練習(xí)。________________________theotherexercise．F．stopdoing與stoptodo:Stopdoing停止做，stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我們停止了交談。________________________________我們停了下來去談話。____________________________PleasegoondoingPleasegoontodoWestoppedtalking．Westoppedtotalk．E·goondoing和goontodoPle51A.作介詞賓語.動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。A．介詞+動名詞，如：1)我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.2)我向你道歉，剛才對你那樣生氣。Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.A.作介詞賓語.動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。A．52

B．動詞+介詞+動名詞，如：1)我堅持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。

Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition．2)同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容，相反都做了怪臉。_________________，eachofthemmadeaface．她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。

Shewasvery________________________forourcompany．InsteadofsmilinginterestedinworkingB．動詞+介詞+動名詞，如：Insteadofsmil53下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:習(xí)慣于舊方式的人堅持反對新事物,這樣導(dǎo)致許多獻身于科學(xué)的人被宣判為大逆不道.不喜歡這種事實的人談到此事時,總期待著注意自己的努力使它開始認真對待.下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:習(xí)慣54習(xí)慣于be/getusedto堅持stickto反對objectto導(dǎo)致leadto獻身于devoteto被宣判besentencedto談到

whenitcomesto...期待lookforwardto開始getdownto注意payattentionto習(xí)慣于be/getusedto談到whenitc554.作定語動名詞作定語常表示所修飾詞的詞用途或使用目的,

如：aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming

thewaitingroom=theroomforwaitingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示所修飾詞動作或狀態(tài)asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping4.作定語56四.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指動名詞可以有邏輯主語，通常是形容詞性物主代詞(his,my,their…)，或名詞所有格(Mary’s,Jim’s…)，

即形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格+doingMary’scomingmadeushappy.Hercomingmadeushappy.HeinsistedonMary’slivingintheroom.四.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)57

1).當(dāng)動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語時，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。

1)我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。Mysister'sbeingillmadeweworried.

2)你正確未必就意味著我錯了。Yourbeingrightdoesn'tnecessarilymean___________________________.mybeingwrong提示:1).當(dāng)動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語時，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物582)如動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不在句首,可用代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格+doing構(gòu)成WearegladatTom/Tom’scoming.Wouldmindme/myopeningthedoor?3).動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)如為無生命的東西，或不定代詞加動名詞則不能加’s或s’。Thenoisesofdesksbeingopenedandclosed

couldbeheardinthestreet.2)如動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不在句首,可用代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格59Exercises

Markoftenattemptstoescape____wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.havingbeenfinedB)tohavebeenfinedC)tobefinedD)beingfine2)Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.

A)tohaveheardB)tohear

C)forhearingD)hearing

DDExercisesDD603)Thethieftookawaythewoman'swalletwithout____beingseenB)seeingC)himseeingD)seeinghim4)I'veenjoyed____totalkwithyou.

A)tobeableB)beingable

C)tobeenableD)ofbeingable5)Noonecanavoid____byadvertisements.

A)tobeinfluencedB)beinginfluenced

C)influencingD)havinginfluence

ABB3)Thethieftookawaythewom616)Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.

A)ofbuyingthehouseB)withbuyingthehouse

C)buyingthehouseD)tobuythehouse

7)IfIhadremembered____thedoor,thethingswouldnothavebeenstolen.

A)tolockB)lockingC)tohavelockedD)shavingslocked

CA6)Theyareconsidering____b628)Yourshirtneeds____.You'dbetterhaveitdonetoday.

A)ironB)toiron

C)ironingD)beingironed

9)Youcan'thelp____commercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.

A)tohearB)tobeheard

C)hearingD)withhearing

CC8)Yourshirtneeds____.You'6310)Mytransistorradioisn'tworking.It____.

A)needrepairingB)needstorepair

C)needsrepairingD)needtoberepaired

11)Itisnouse____menottoworry.

A)youtellB)yourtelling

C)foryoutohavetoldD)havingtold

CB10)Mytransistorradioisn't6412)Heisverybusy____hispapers.Heisfartoobusy____callers.

A)towrite...toreceiveB)writing...toreceive

C)writing...receivingD)towrite...forreceiving

B13)Pleasestop____,boys,Ihavesomethingimportantto____you.

A)saying...talkB)telling...say

C)talking...speakD)talking...tell

D12)Heisverybu