醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)-詞匯課件

BasicElementsofMedicalWords-1originofmedicalEnglishwords1.fromcommonEnglish2.fromLatin3.fromGreek4.coinage1.wordscomingfromcommonEnglish:whoopingcough百日咳Ahighlycontagiousdiseaseoftherespiratorysystem,usuallyaffectingchildren,thatiscausedbythebacteriumBordetellapertussisandischaracterizedinitsadvancedstagebyspasmsofcoughinginterspersedwithdeep,noisyinspirations.Alsocalledpertussis百日咳

Fever發(fā)熱;short-sight近視;consumption肺癆（消耗）nettlerash;風(fēng)疹stroke;中風(fēng)baldness;

indigestion;消化不良blister;水皰，砂眼Swelling腫;measles麻疹Rabies狂犬病;windpipe氣管WordscomingfromLatinhumanbodyanatomyfunctionorstatuscerebrum(腦）ala（翼）rigor（寒戰(zhàn)）pelvis（骨盆）plexus（叢）stuporcornea（角膜）plica（皺襞）nausea

humerus（肱骨）fossa（窩）tonus（肌肉的強(qiáng)直性,強(qiáng)直性痙攣）capita（頭）cervix(頸）bronchus（支氣管）Abdomen腹部，腹腔brachium(臂）aorta（主動(dòng)脈）os（骨）rememberthem:cutis（真皮）fascia（筋膜）corpusgenu（膝）vertebra（椎骨）labium（唇）sinus（竇）othercommonmedicalwordsfromGreekstoma（口，小空）soma（身體，軀干）glottis（聲門(mén)）derma（真皮）larynx（喉）nephron（腎單位）rachis（脊柱）pharynx（咽）phalanx（指骨）somecommoncoinagesAlzheimer’sdisease/preseniledementia(早老性癡呆）Graves’sdisease/exophthalmicgoiter（突眼性甲狀腺腫）Parkinson’sdisease/paralysisagitans（震顫麻痹）Addison’sdisease/chronichypoadrenocorticism（慢性腎上腺皮質(zhì)功能減退）Pott’sdisease/spinalcaries（脊柱骨疽）Someexamplesofroots

(bases)Word

Root

MeaningEpigraphic碑文的graphwritingAtrophy萎縮trophnourishing

Someexamplesofroots

(bases)WordRootMeaningLobotomy額葉切除術(shù)Lob(e)Asubdivisionofabodilyorganorpartboundedbyfissures,connectivetissue,orotherstructuralboundaries.Word

RootMeaningUrology泌尿?qū)Wur(ine)waste,fluid,acidproductsecretedbythekidneysIrotomy虹膜切開(kāi)術(shù)ir(is)pigmented,round,contractilemembraneoftheeye,pericardiotomy心包切開(kāi)術(shù)cardioheartnephrotomy腎切開(kāi)術(shù)nephrkidney

ThecombingvowelFindthecombingvowelsinthefollowingwords:geography地理Metropolis大都市Orthodox正統(tǒng)的Monotonous單調(diào)的Anthology詩(shī)集optometrist(驗(yàn)光師)Urology泌尿?qū)WHydrotherapy水療法Auriscope耳鏡Centigrade攝氏Milimeter毫米Pelvimeter骨盆測(cè)量器en,em(in,into)endemic（地方性的）exo(outof)exocrine（外分泌）

hypo(under,below)hypothermia（低溫）hypothyroidism（甲狀腺機(jī)能減退）hyper(over,above)hyperdontia（牙過(guò)多）peri(around)pericardium（心包）

para(beside,near)paramedical（準(zhǔn)醫(yī)學(xué)的）anti(against)antibiotic（抗生素）antipyretic（退熱劑）syn,sym,syl(together,with)syndrome（綜合癥）symbiosis（共生）epi(on)epidemic（流行?。?/p>

extra(outside)extradental(牙外的）extraoral（口外的）in(into)inoculation（接種）invasion（入侵）ex(outof)excretion（排泄）expiration（呼氣；終止）sub(below,under)subnormal（低于正常的sublingual（舌下的）infra(below,beneath)infrasonic（聽(tīng)閾下的）infrapsychic（精神閾下的）SomecommonsuffixesfromGreekia（狀態(tài)）anorexia（厭食）ism（狀態(tài)，理論)autism（孤僻癥）giantism（巨型）osis（狀態(tài)，增多）leukocytosis（白細(xì)胞增多）phobia,phobic（恐怖）hydrophobia（恐水?。﹑hilia,philicchromophilia(嗜染性）photophilic（嗜光的）Competingformsalsocalledduplication.usebothGreekandLatinassourcesformedicalwordbases.threetypesofcompetingforms:1)thosethathavethesamebasebutdifferentcombingvowels;2)twoformsofthesamebase;3)twobaseswiththesamemeaning.(onefromGreek,onefromLatin)1)thosethathavethesamebasebutdifferentcombingvowelsexample:Bronchial支氣管的bronchopneumonia支氣管肺炎Oviduct輸卵管ovoplasm卵漿

3)twobaseswiththesamemeaning.(onefromGreek,onefromLatin)synonym:denotethesameobject,process,condition,orfunction

exampleLatin

GreekMeaning

dentist牙醫(yī)odontologistteethlacrimal淚腺dacryocysttearoral口的stomatopathymouth

exercisesGivethemeaningsofthewordsgivenbelow:dentist odontologistlacrimal dacryocystoralstomatopathyhemohematohematopoiesis（造血）hematocyte（血細(xì)胞）hematodynamics（血液動(dòng)力學(xué)）sanguisanguification（造血）sanguineous（血液充足的）sanguivorous(食血的）sanguine（面色紅潤(rùn)的；充滿希望的）sanguinary（血腥的；嗜血成性的bloodGreekLatinsomatomedicalwords:Somatology人體學(xué)commonwordsomaticcorp(corpus)corpor(corpora)corpsecorporealcorporealpunishmentcorpulent（肥胖的）corps（軍團(tuán)）corporationＧreekLatinC１）Greekroots: