高考英語模擬題匯編專題06 七選五一（解析版）

專題06七選五1.（2020屆安徽省合肥市高三第二次質(zhì)檢）Willtherebeanoutbreakofbirdfluthatthreatenshumans?Manyexpertsdisagreeonwhenorwhetherahumanpandemic(大流行病)willoccur,butdosaythereisachancethattheviruscouldmutate(變異),leadingtowidespreadinfection.16．Here’swhatyouneedtoknowtohelpkeepyourselfhealthy.Stockuponfood,waterandhouseholdsupplies.Ifthereisabirdflupandemic,you'llwanttominimizeyourchanceofcatchingitbystayingindoors;youmightevenberequiredtostayhomeifthegovernmentasksthatpeopleremaininquarantine(隔離期).You’dbetterstockuptodayonatleast2-weekworthofessentialssuchaswater,food,emergencyandmedicalsupplies.17．Haveanoutbreakplan.Itmayfeeloddoruncomfortabletotalktofamilymembersandlovedonesabouttheworst-casepandemicscenario.Butifthatscenariostrikes,you’llallbemuchbetteroffifyouhaveaplandecidedonandready.18．Figureouthowyouwouldcareforthemandwhatyourfirstresponseandresponsibilitieswouldbe;thisisanespeciallyimportantconversationtohavewiththosewithspecialcareneeds.19．Thingslikekeepingabalanceddiet,exercisingregularlyandgettingsufficientrestcanhelpkeepyouhealthyinanoutbreakandalsokeepyoufromcatchingthecommoncold.Particularlyinafluoutbreaksituation,itwillbeimportanttowashourhandswithsoapandwaterforatleast20seconds.Bediligentaboutcoveringcoughsandsneezeswithtissues.Moreover,knowyouressentialhealthinformationsuchasbloodtype,allergies,andpastorcurrentmedicalconditions.Makealistofthatessentialinformationforallthemembersofyourfamily.20．Anddomakesureeveryoneinyourhouseholdknowswheretofindit.A．Workoutregularlytostayslim.B．Pickupthehabitsofhealthybehavior.C．Itiswisetokeepitsomewheresafeandvisible.D．It’simportanttoaskyourselfthesequestionsbeforeapandemicoccurs.E.Talkwithyourfriendsandfamilyabouthowyou’drespondtoanepidemic.F.Inthatcase,thebestthingyoucandorightnowistoprepareforthatpossibility.G.Thatwillhelpyougetthroughanextendedtimeathomeifanoutbreakhappens.【答案】16．F17．G18．E19．B20．C【解析】本文是說明文。許多專家對于何時(shí)或是否會(huì)發(fā)生流感大流行病持不同意見，但專家一致表示病毒有可能發(fā)生變異并導(dǎo)致人們廣泛的感染。文章介紹了人們需要了解的保持健康的知識(shí)。16．考查段中句。根據(jù)空前“Manyexpertsdisagreeonwhenorwhetherahumanpandemic(大流行病)willoccur,butdosaythereisachancethattheviruscouldmutate(變異),leadingtowidespreadinfection.(許多專家對于意何時(shí)或是否會(huì)發(fā)生大流行病持不同意見，但專家一致表示病毒有可能發(fā)生變異并導(dǎo)致人們廣泛的感染)”和空后“Here’swhatyouneedtoknowtohelpkeepyourselfhealthy.(這里是你需要了解的幫助自己保持健康的知識(shí))”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)（在這種情況下，你現(xiàn)在可以做的最好的事情就是為這種可能性做準(zhǔn)備）能夠承接上文并且與下文連接通順。該選項(xiàng)中的thatpossibility指的是前一句中的“病毒有可能發(fā)生變異并導(dǎo)致人們廣泛的感染”。故選F項(xiàng)。17．考查段尾句。根據(jù)空前“You’dbetterstockuptodayonatleast2-weekworthofessentialssuchaswater,food,emergencyandmedicalsupplies.(你最好今天就儲(chǔ)存至少兩周的必需品，例如水，食物，應(yīng)急物資和醫(yī)療用品)”可知，G項(xiàng)（如果流感爆發(fā)，這將幫助你在家度過較長的時(shí)間）能夠承接上文。該選項(xiàng)中的that指的是前一句的做法。故選G項(xiàng)。18．考查段中句。根據(jù)空前“Butifthatscenariostrikes,you’llallbemuchbetteroffifyouhaveaplandecidedonandready.(但是，如果發(fā)生這種情況，如果你已制定計(jì)劃并準(zhǔn)備就緒，那么你的處境就會(huì)好很多)”和空后“Figureouthowyouwouldcareforthemandwhatyourfirstresponseandresponsibilitieswouldbe;thisisanespeciallyimportantconversationtohavewiththosewithspecialcareneeds.(弄清楚你將如何照顧他們以及你的第一反應(yīng)和責(zé)任是什么，這是與有特殊護(hù)理需求的人進(jìn)行的特別重要的對話)”可知，E項(xiàng)（與你的朋友和家人談?wù)撃闳绾螒?yīng)對流行病）能夠承接上文并且與下文連接通順。空格后的內(nèi)容是對該選項(xiàng)的具體解釋。故選E項(xiàng)。19．考查段首句。根據(jù)空后“Thingslikekeepingabalanceddiet,exercisingregularlyandgettingsufficientrestcanhelpkeepyouhealthyinanoutbreakandalsokeepyoufromcatchingthecommoncold.(保持均衡飲食，規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)和充足休息等事情可以幫助你在流感暴發(fā)中保持健康，也可以預(yù)防普通感冒)”可知，B項(xiàng)（養(yǎng)成健康行為習(xí)慣）能夠與下文連接通順。空格后的內(nèi)容是對該選項(xiàng)的具體舉例。故選B項(xiàng)。20．考查段中句。根據(jù)空前“Makealistofthatessentialinformationforallthemembersofyourfamily.(列出所有家庭成員的基本信息)”和空后“Anddomakesureeveryoneinyourhouseholdknowswheretofindit.(并確保你家中的每個(gè)人都知道在哪里可以找到它)”可知，C項(xiàng)（將其放置在安全可見的地方是明智的）能夠承接上文并且與下文連接通順。該選項(xiàng)中的第二個(gè)it指的是前一句的list。故選C項(xiàng)。2.（2020屆安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次質(zhì)檢）Yougohomefromworkverytired.YouwanttositinfrontoftheTVandwatchsomethingfun.Whatbetterthanacartoon？Bothchildrenand（most）adultslovecartoons.Ofcourse，therearecartoonsthataredirectedspecificallytoadults.16．So，Whydoadultslikecartoonssomuch？Theyhavewell－writtencharacters.Well，thereareplentyofreasons.17．Screenwriters，designers，musiciansareallworkingtogethertobringthebestoutcometothebigscreen.Cartoonshavewell－writtencharactersfacingcomplicatedsituations.Sometimesthescripts（劇本）areevenbetterthanthoseinadultfilms.So，itcomesnosurprisethatcartoonsappealtogrown－upsaswell.Theybringoutthechildinus.Rememberthetime？ItwasaSaturdaymorningandweusedtositinfrontoftheTVandenjoycartoons.18．What’smore，theyshowourinnerchild.Bywatchingcartoons，weforgetthetroubleofeverydaylifeandleaveourproblemsbehind.Weloveheroes.Almosteverycartoonhastodowiththejourneyofacharacter.Itisajourneytowardsadulthood，ortowardsfindingoneself，orsucceedinginanadventure.Andwhodoesn’tloveheroeslikethat？19．Plentyoftimes，thecharactersincartoonsarebigger－than－lifeandthat’swhatweneedtobelievehumans（oranimals）again.20．Watchingcartoons，theviewersenterfantasticworldsandcartoonshavebecomeworksofart.JustrememberthefirstsceneintheLionKing.Thesuncomesupandanimalsfromalloverthejunglecometomeetthenewlionclub.Inrecentyears，cartoonsusephoto－realisticenvironmentstomakethescenebiggerandbetter.A．Afeastfortheeyes.B．Alittletreatforadults.C．Plentyoftalentworksinproducingcartoons.D．Theyremindusofourselves，ourstrengthsandweaknesses.E.Theybringoutthatspecificfeeling，longingforourlostchildhood.F.Andthereisalsothechancethatadultswillloveakid’smoviemore.G.Theyovercomebarrierstryingtofindtruemeaningandhappinessintheirexistence.【答案】16．F17．C18．E19．G20．A【解析】本文為說明文。文章主要說明了動(dòng)畫片不僅讓兒童喜歡，而且也讓許多成年人喜歡，尤其是有專門針對成年人的動(dòng)畫片。文章分析了成年人喜歡這些動(dòng)畫片的原因。16．考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空格上下文“Bothchildrenand（most）adultslovecartoons.”兒童和（大多數(shù)）成年人都喜歡動(dòng)畫片?！癝o，Whydoadultslikecartoonssomuch？”那么，為什么成年人那么喜歡動(dòng)畫片呢?可推斷出成年人喜歡兒童看的動(dòng)畫片。分析選項(xiàng)可知F項(xiàng)Andthereisalsothechancethatadultswillloveakid’smoviemore（成年人也有可能更喜歡孩子的電影）符合題意，故選F。17．考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Theyhavewell－writtencharacters.”動(dòng)畫片中有許多寫的非常棒的人物。再結(jié)合的“thereareplentyofreasons.”有這么多好的作品是有原因的。下文中列舉了是因?yàn)橛性S多人的努力共同創(chuàng)造出非常棒的動(dòng)畫作品，由此可推斷出C項(xiàng)Plentyoftalentworksinproducingcartoons.（在制作動(dòng)畫片方面有很多天才作品）符合題意，故選C。18．考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。本文的小標(biāo)題為“Theybringoutthechildinus（他們激發(fā)出我們身上的童真”。分析選項(xiàng)可知E項(xiàng)Theybringoutthatspecificfeeling，longingforourlostchildhood（他們表現(xiàn)出了那種特殊的感覺-——渴望我們失去的童年）與本段意義一致，而且有詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)，如“bringout”，以及“ourlostchildhood”符合題意，故選E。19．考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。本段的小標(biāo)題為“Weloveheroes”以及文中的“Almosteverycartoonhastodowiththejourneyofacharacter.Itisajourneytowardsadulthood，ortowardsfindingoneself，orsucceedinginanadventure”我們都愛英雄。幾乎每一部動(dòng)畫片都與英雄人物的旅程有關(guān)。它是通往成年的旅程，或是尋找自我，或是在一次冒險(xiǎn)中獲得成功?？芍瑒?dòng)畫中的英雄人物在冒險(xiǎn)旅程中尋找自我，克服困難，獲得成功。分析選項(xiàng)可知，G項(xiàng)Theyovercomebarrierstryingtofindtruemeaningandhappinessintheirexistence（他們克服困難，努力在他們的生活中找到真正的生活意義和幸福）與本段的意義一致，故選G。20．考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。小題是下面一段的小標(biāo)題。分析最后一段尤其是第一句“Watchingcartoons，theviewersenterfantasticworldsandcartoonshavebecomeworksofart”內(nèi)容可知，本段主要敘述了動(dòng)畫片把觀眾帶入一個(gè)奇妙的世界，動(dòng)畫片已經(jīng)成為藝術(shù)作品。由此可知?jiǎng)赢嬈o我們帶來視覺上的盛宴。分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)Afeastfortheeyes符合題意，故選A。3.（2020屆福建省福州市高三畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢測）Noonehasyetprovedaconnectionbetweennapping(小睡)andprofessionalsuccess,butaninterestingstudypublishedthisweekclaimstofindalinkbetweendaytimenapandgoodhealth.Dr.AndronikiNaskaandDimitriosTrichopoulosfromHarvard’sSchoolofPublicHealthfollowedover23,000Greekpatientsforanaverageofsixyear.16．Thestudyfoundthatthegroupofadultswhotooka30-minutenapatleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethananequivalentgroupwhodidnotsleepatallduringtheday.17．Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmalesthanforthosewhohadretired.However,anumberofpreviousstudiesdoneintheMediterranean,wherenapsremaincommon,havecomeupwithconflictingresults,butDr.NaskaandDr.Trichopoulosarguethatthosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed(有缺陷).18．Theymayhavebenefitedmorefromnappingthanhealthyindividualsdo.GiventhatallofthesubjectsofthisnewstudywereGreeks,couldthemuch-celebratedMediterraneandietdeservecredit,ratherthanthenaps?19．Andheisinagoodpositiontosayso,foritwashewhodidthepioneeringresearchthatputoliveoilandaplant-baseddietonthescientificmapinthefirstplace.20．TheearlierfindingsaboutthebenefitsoftheMediterraneandietareconfirmed,hesays,andnappingseemstohelpontopofthat.A．ThefirmanswerfromDrTrichopoulosis“No”.B．Thebenefitwasgreaterformenthanforwomen.C．Theirconclusion:nappingjustmightsaveyourlife.D．Somestudieshaveshownthatdietisrelevanttonaps.E.Forexample,thesubjectsinsomehadsurvivedheartattacks.F.Thosewithheartattacksarealsolesslikelytotakenapsduringtheday.G.Hisstudywascontrolledfordiet,smoking,exerciseandotherrelevantfactors.【答案】16．C17．B18．E19．A20．G【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明白天小睡的人比不小睡的人更健康，壽命更長。16．由上一句“哈佛大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的AndronikiNaska博士和DimitriosTrichopoulos博士對23000多名希臘病人進(jìn)行了平均6年的跟蹤調(diào)查?！笨芍?，承接上文，C選項(xiàng)“他們的結(jié)論是：小睡可能會(huì)救你的命?！鼻蓄}；C選項(xiàng)是對兩位博士研究結(jié)果的說明。故選C項(xiàng)。17．由下文第三段第一句“工作的男性也比退休的男性受益要多?！笨芍?，承接下文，B選項(xiàng)“男性比女性受益更大?！鼻蓄}；該選項(xiàng)中的greater對應(yīng)下文中的alsogreater。故選B項(xiàng)。18．由下一句“他們可能比健康的人從午睡中獲益更多?！笨芍?，承接下文，E選項(xiàng)“例如，有些對象在心臟病發(fā)作后存活下來。”切題；該選項(xiàng)中的thesubjectsinsome指代下一句中的They。故選E項(xiàng)。19．由上一句“考慮到這項(xiàng)新研究的所有對象都是希臘人，那么著名的地中海飲食是否值得稱贊，而不是午睡呢？”可知，承接上文，A選項(xiàng)“Trichopoulos博士堅(jiān)定的回答是“不”。”切題；該選項(xiàng)中的No是對上文的回答。故選A項(xiàng)。20．由上一句“他很有資格這么說，因?yàn)檎撬隽碎_創(chuàng)性的研究，把橄欖油和植物性飲食放在了科學(xué)地圖的首位?！笨芍薪由衔?，G選項(xiàng)“他的研究是控制飲食，吸煙，運(yùn)動(dòng)和其他相關(guān)因素?！鼻蓄}；該選項(xiàng)中的Hisstudy對應(yīng)上一句中的itwashewhodidthepioneeringresearch。故選G項(xiàng)。4.（2020屆福建省廈門市高三一次質(zhì)檢）Whenyouunderlineandaddnotestoatext,whenyouaskyourselfquestionsaboutitscontents,youareestablishingyourunderstandingofwhatyouarereading.16．.Asummaryisarecordoraccountofmainpointsofatext.Itforcesareadertounderstandthegeneralideaofapieceratherthantojustscanthrougheachwordandsentencewritten.Tosummarizeistocondense（壓縮）atexttoitsmainpointsandtodosoinyourownwords.Toincludeeverydetailisneithernecessarynordesirable.17．—themainideaanditsnecessarysupportingpoints,whichintheoriginalpassagemayhavebeenmixedwithlessimportantmaterial.18．.Theyarenotthesamething.Ananalysisisadiscussionofideas,techniques,and/ormeaninginatext.Asummary,ontheotherhand,doesnotrequireyoutorespondtotheideasinatext.Ifatextisorganizedinalinear(線性的)fashion,youmaybeabletowriteasummarysimplybywritingthemajorpointsinyourwordsfromthebeginningofthetexttotheend.However,youshouldnotassumethatthiswillalwaysbethecase.19．.Theymaynotstatethethesisormainideaimmediatelyatthebeginning,butratherbuilduptoitslowly,andtheymayintroduceapointofdevelopmentinoneplaceandthenreturntoitlaterinthetext.20．.A．TheyarenotshortenedtextsB．DifferentwritersgivedifferentideasC．NotallwritersusesuchastraightforwardstructureD．Instead,youshouldonlycoverthemostimportantinfomationE.Inthesecases,youshouldreconstructthetextinanorganizedwayF.ManystudentsmakethemistakeofconfusingsummarywithanalysisG.Whenyouwriteasummary,youareshowingyourunderstandingofit【答案】16．G17．D18．F19．C20．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了寫摘要的幾點(diǎn)建議。16．空前說當(dāng)你在課文下劃線并添加注釋時(shí)，當(dāng)你問自己有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容的問題時(shí)，你正在建立你對閱讀內(nèi)容的理解，空后又說摘要是對文章主要觀點(diǎn)的記錄或說明，它讓讀者理解一篇文章的大意，而不是簡單地瀏覽所寫的每個(gè)單詞和句子，此處與空前一句在句式上一致并引出下文提到的摘要這一話題，故G項(xiàng)（當(dāng)你寫摘要時(shí)，你是在展示你對它的理解）符合語境。17．空前說把每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都包括進(jìn)去既不必要也不可取，此處承接這一話題，講的是摘要的正確寫法——抓住大意和要點(diǎn)，故D項(xiàng)（相反，你應(yīng)該只涵蓋最重要的信息）符合語境。18．空后說它倆不是一回事，分析是對課文中的思想、技巧或意義的討論，而摘要并不要求你對課文中的思想做出回應(yīng)，這說明分析和摘要很容易被弄混，但其實(shí)它倆是兩個(gè)不同的概念，故F項(xiàng)（許多學(xué)生犯了把摘要與分析混淆的錯(cuò)誤）符合語境。19．空前說但是你不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為情況總是這樣（文章是以線性的方式組織的），這說明并不是所有的作者都采取這種結(jié)構(gòu)行文，故C項(xiàng)（并不是所有的作者都使用這種直接的結(jié)構(gòu)）符合語境。20．空前說他們（作者）可能不會(huì)在一開始就立即陳述論點(diǎn)或主要觀點(diǎn)，而是慢慢地建立起來，他們可能會(huì)在一個(gè)地方介紹一個(gè)發(fā)展點(diǎn)，然后在后面的文章中再回到這處，此處總結(jié)上文，講的是在上述這兩種情況下，你應(yīng)該怎么寫摘要，故E項(xiàng)（在這些情況下，你應(yīng)該有組織地重構(gòu)文章）符合語境。5.（2020屆廣東省高考模擬）ReasonstoLoveSportsTherearesometrulyinspiringstorieseverydayintheworldofathletics.Allofthefollowingsarepartsofreasonsforpeopletolovesports.16．AnOptimisticAttitudeTowardsLifeWhileChrisMouldingwasreceivingtreatmentforcancer,hesawanIronmanraceonTV.Atthatmoment,hetoldhimselfthathewouldcompeteoncechemo(化療)wasover.Twelvemarathonsandseveralhalf-Ironmanslater,hesuccessfullycompletedafullIronmanrace.17．,motivatedbytheideaofbeingahealthyrolemodelforthekids.Besides,hehopestoprovetocancersurvivorseverywherethatanythingispossible.KeepingonRunningandSharingYourStories.18．,RunKeepershowsapowerfulwaythattechnologycancreateabettersocialcommunity.AnyonethathassetanalarmforanA．M.workoutknowsthatitseemsimpossibletogetupandgo.EnterRunKeeper,whichmapsyourrouteandtracksyourprogress.19．,andasaresult,itkeepsyoumotivatedfromsofa,to5km,ormaybejustafastermile.SolvingProblemsWithafamilyhistoryofAlzheimefs(老年癡呆癥),BostonlocalCarrieAllenwantstobeayoungfemalewhoappealstotheconcernonthisdisease.Hersurprisingtool?Cleats(防滑釘鞋).Shebroughtawomenfootballleague,whichisinits10thyearofraisingmoneyandawarenessofAlzheimer'sresearchacrossthecountry,tohercity.Lastyear,ateamcalledBlondeswastechnicallythewinnerinCarrie'sleague.20．,astheladiesraisedalotofmoneyforit.A．HecontinuestoliveanimpressivelyactivelifeB．YoumayworrythatyourprivacywillbeinvadedC．WhileitseemslikephonesmakeusdisconnectedD．ButtheAlzheimer'sAssociationclearlycameoutontopE.ReadstoriesandgetyoursneakersreadytodosportstogetherF.ThoughittookeffortstogetintothehabitofdoingsportseverydayG.Besides,theappoffersabuilt-insocialcommunityforothermasterrunners【答案】16．E17．A18．C19．G20．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明一些熱愛運(yùn)動(dòng)的理由，以及與這些理由相關(guān)的背后的故事和軟件。16．根據(jù)上文Allofthefollowingsarepartsofreasonsforpeopletolovesports.可知所有的這些都是人們熱愛運(yùn)動(dòng)的部分原因。結(jié)合后文主要講述了一些與運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的故事，可推知此處是在建議人們閱讀下面的故事，然后去做運(yùn)動(dòng)。故E選項(xiàng)“讀故事，準(zhǔn)備好你們的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋一起做運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合上下文語境，故選E。17．根據(jù)后文motivatedbytheideaofbeingahealthyrolemodelforthekids.Besides,hehopestoprovetocancersurvivorseverywherethatanythingispossible.可知他的動(dòng)機(jī)是成為孩子們健康的榜樣。此外，他希望向各地的癌癥幸存者證明，一切皆有可能。由此可知，Chris繼續(xù)過著一種令人印象深刻的充滿活力的生活。故A選項(xiàng)“他繼續(xù)過著令人印象深刻的積極生活”符合上下文語境，故選A。18．根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題KeepingonRunningandSharingYourStories(繼續(xù)跑步，分享你的故事)以及后文RunKeepershowsapowerfulwaythattechnologycancreateabettersocialcommunity.可知RunKeeper向我們展示了一種強(qiáng)大的方式，科技可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更好的社交社區(qū)。由此可知，RunKeeper雖然是一款手機(jī)軟件，但是它并沒有讓人們失去聯(lián)系。可知本句是在說明“雖然看起來電話讓我們失去了聯(lián)系”。與下文構(gòu)成讓步狀語從句。故C選項(xiàng)“雖然看起來電話讓我們失去了聯(lián)系”符合上下文語境，故選C。19．根據(jù)上文RunKeepershowsapowerfulwaythattechnologycancreateabettersocialcommunity.可知RunKeeper向我們展示了一種強(qiáng)大的方式，科技可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更好的社交社區(qū)。由此可知，RunKeeper應(yīng)用提供了一個(gè)內(nèi)置的社交社區(qū)。上文中socialcommunity可對應(yīng)到G選項(xiàng)socialcommunity。故G選項(xiàng)“此外，該應(yīng)用還為其他跑步高手提供了一個(gè)內(nèi)置的社交社區(qū)”符合上下文語境，故選G。20．根據(jù)后文astheladiesraisedalotofmoneyforit.可知因?yàn)榕總優(yōu)榇嘶I集了大量資金。由此可知，但阿爾茨海默氏癥協(xié)會(huì)顯然是最重要的，上文中Alzheimer也可對應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)中Alzheimer。故D選項(xiàng)“但阿爾茨海默氏癥協(xié)會(huì)顯然是最重要的”符合上下文語境，故選D。6.（2020屆廣東省廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試）Upintheair—ahistoryofballooningThefirstkindofairtransportationwastheballoon.Peopletraveledbyballoononehundredyearsbeforetherewereplanesorjetaircraft.Thoseearlydaysofballooningwereexciting,buttheywerealsorisky.16．However,thedangerdidnotstoptheballoonists.ThefirstrealballoonflightwasinFrancein1783.TwoFrenchbrothersmadeaballoon.17．Hotairislighterthancoldair,soitgoesup.Thehotairballoonwentup1,000feetinthesky.18．Theybuiltafireundertheballoontomaketheairhot.Thismadetheballoonstayupintheairforafewhours.Buttheirballoonwastiedtotheground.Soitcouldnotgoanywhere.Soonballooniststriedlongerflights.In1785,anAmericanandaFrenchmanflewovertheEnglishChannel.TheyleftEnglandonacold,clearJanuaryday.Halfwayacross,theirballoonbegantodroptowardthewater.Theythrewoutsomeequipmentandfoodtomaketheballoonlighter.Theballooncontinuedtofall,sotheythrewoutalmosteverythinginthebasket-evensomeoftheirclothes.19．Duringthenineteenthcentury,ballooningbecameapopularsportandballoonswerealsousedbyscientiststostudytheairandbyarmiesinwartime.Aftertheairplanewasinvented,however,interestinballoonsdecreaseddramatically.Butsomepeopletodaystillliketogoupinballoons.20．What’smore,theyhaveawonderfulviewoftheworldbelow.A．Theyfilledaverylargepaperbagwithhotair.B．Highupintheballoonbasket,theyfindquiet.C．Sometimestheballoonsfellsuddenlyandsometimestheyburned.D．Backthen,fewpeopleunderstoodhowtheywereabletoflysofar.E.Finally,afteraboutthreehours,theylandedinFrance,coldbutsafe.F.Balloonracesanddisplaysremainpopularallovertheworldtothisveryday.G.Laterthatsameyear,twootherFrenchmenascendedinabasketunderaballoon.【答案】16．C17．A18．G19．E20．B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了熱氣球發(fā)展的歷史過程。16．空前提到：早期的熱氣球是令人興奮的，但也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。該空承接上文，且和空后一句（危險(xiǎn)并沒有阻止氣球駕駛員）構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此，該空應(yīng)該仍然提到熱氣球的危險(xiǎn)。C選項(xiàng)（有時(shí)氣球會(huì)突然掉下來，有時(shí)會(huì)燃燒起來）符合語境。故選C。17．前一句提到：兩個(gè)法國兄弟做了一個(gè)氣球。該空承接上文，應(yīng)該介紹兩兄弟做氣球的相關(guān)信息。A選項(xiàng)（他們在一個(gè)很大的紙袋里裝滿了熱空氣）符合語境。故選A。18．下一句提到：他們在氣球下面生了一堆火，使空氣變熱。該空位于句首，結(jié)合空后一句中的they可知，該空繼續(xù)介紹熱氣球的發(fā)展，且空處應(yīng)該提到表示人的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，G選項(xiàng)（同年晚些時(shí)候，另外兩名法國人乘坐一個(gè)氣球下的籃子升了上去）符合語境。故選G。19．該段敘述的是1875年，一位法國人和美國人乘坐熱氣球橫跨英吉利海峽的過程?？涨疤岬?，走到一半的時(shí)候，熱氣球開始下降，他們不得不將熱氣球上的東西扔掉。該空承接上文，E選項(xiàng)（最后，大約三個(gè)小時(shí)后，他們在法國著陸了，雖然很冷，但很安全）符合語境。故選E。20．空前提到：今天有些人仍然喜歡乘氣球上去?？蘸蟮膚hat’smore介紹的人們乘坐熱氣球的原因。該空和空后并列，應(yīng)該分析這些人喜歡乘坐氣球的原因。B選項(xiàng)（在氣球籃里，他們找到了安靜）符合語境。故選B。7.（2020屆廣東省深圳市高三第一次調(diào)研）Askingforfeedback(反饋)isanessentialstepinyourdesignprocessregardlessofwhetheryourworkisfinishedornot.16．Youmaydothisinteammeetings.Youmaydothisafterapersonstaresatyourworksfortwohours,orafteryoupostwhatyou’vejustcreated.Butinyourefforttoimprove,it’svitaltounderstandthecharacteristicsthatseparatethreetypesoffeedback.Reaction-basedfeedbacktendstobecasualandemotional.Forexample,“That’swonderful!”Feedbackofthistypeisdrivenbywhatapersonthinksheisexpectedtosayorwhatthedesignerwantstohear.17．Thiskindofreactionhaslittletodowithwhatisbeingpresented.18．Forexample,“Youshouldincludeawiderrangeofcolorsandmakethemmatch.”That’salsowheresuchfeedbackends.Inthisformoffeedback,theindividualprovidingitisoftenlookingforwaystobringthecreationmoreinlinewithhisownexpectationsfordesigns.Whenyouaredesigningsomething,youneedtohaveaspecificpurpose.Whenlookingforfeedback,youareworkingtounderstandwhetheryourcreationappropriatelymeetsthepurpose.19．Andthat’sexactlywhatisofferedbyacritique（批判性反饋）,thethirdkindoffeedback.Forexample,“Ifthepurposeistoattractkids,itisfantastictohaveacolorfulcastle-likebuilding.Don’tusedarkcloth,andavoidlargefurniture.”Commentofthistypehelpsyoutellifyourworkhasachievedthedesiredoutcome.20．A．Butfeedbackdiffersgreatlyinitsusefulness.B．Direction-basedfeedbackbeginswithasuggestion.C．Sometimeyouneedtoturntoothersfortheircomments.D．It’sthisformoffeedbackthatismosthelpfultoyourdesign.E.Youarelookingforcriticalanalysisforstrengthsorweaknesses.F.Likeemotionalfeedback,thisnextkindoffeedbackoffersnoexplanation.G.Itisaresponsetothesocialdemandsofthesituationratherthantheneedsofthedesigner.【答案】16．C17．G18．B19．E20．D【解析】本文是說明文。文章講述了信息反饋的類型及其重要性。16．考查段中句。根據(jù)空前“Askingforfeedbackisanessentialstepinyourdesignprocessregardlessofwhetheryourworkisfinishedornot.（無論您的工作是否完成，尋求反饋都是設(shè)計(jì)過程中的重要步驟。）”和空后“Youmaydothisinteammeetings.Youmaydothisafterapersonstaresatyourworksfortwohours,orafteryoupostwhatyou'vejustcreated.（您可以在團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)議中進(jìn)行此操作。）”可知，C項(xiàng)（有時(shí)您需要尋求他人的意見。）能夠承接上文并且與下文連接通順?？蘸缶渥又械膖his指代的是該選項(xiàng)的做法。故選C項(xiàng)。17．考查段中句。根據(jù)空前“Feedbackofthistypeisdrivenbywhatapersonthinksheisexpectedtosayorwhatthedesignerwantstohear.（這種類型的反饋取決于一個(gè)人認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該說什么或設(shè)計(jì)者想聽到什么。）”和空后“Thiskindofreactionhaslittletodowithwhatisbeingpresented.（這種反應(yīng)與所呈現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容無關(guān)。）”可知，G項(xiàng)（這是對當(dāng)時(shí)情況的社會(huì)需求的回應(yīng)，而不是對設(shè)計(jì)者的需求的回應(yīng)。）能夠承接上文并且與下文連接通順。該選項(xiàng)中的it指代的是本段提到的反饋類型。故選G項(xiàng)。18．考查段首句。根據(jù)空后“Forexample,“Youshouldincludeawiderrangeofcolorsandmakethemmatch.”That’salsowheresuchfeedbackends.（例如，您應(yīng)該使用更多的顏色并使它們匹配。這也是反饋結(jié)束的地方。）”可知，B項(xiàng)（基于方向的反饋開始于提建議。）能夠與下文連接通順?？崭窈蟮木渥邮窃谂e例子，與該選項(xiàng)的suggestion呼應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。19．考查段首句。根據(jù)空后“Andthat’sexactlywhatisofferedbyacritique,thethirdkindoffeedback.Forexample,“Ifthepurposeistoattractkids,itisfantastictohaveacolorfulcastle-likebuilding.Don’tusedarkcloth,andavoidlargefurniture.”（這正是批判性反饋所提供的。例如，如果目的是吸引孩子，那么擁有色彩繽紛的城堡般的建筑真是太好了。不要使用深色布料并且要避免使用大型家具。）”可知，E項(xiàng)（您正在尋找對優(yōu)點(diǎn)或缺點(diǎn)的批判分析。）能夠與下文連接通順?？蘸蟮呐e例子是從優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)方面進(jìn)行評價(jià)，這與該選項(xiàng)中的strengths和weaknesses相呼應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。20．考查段尾句。根據(jù)空前“Commentofthistypehelpsyoutellifyourworkhasachievedthedesiredoutcome.（這種類型的評論可幫助您判斷您的工作是否取得了預(yù)期的結(jié)果。）”可知，D項(xiàng)（這種反饋形式對您的設(shè)計(jì)最有幫助。）能夠承接上文。該選項(xiàng)中的thisformoffeedback指的是本段提到的批判性反饋。故選D項(xiàng)。8.（2020屆河南省安陽市高三第二次模擬）Justlikeessays,allspeecheshavethreemainsections:theintroduction,thebody,andtheconclusion.16．Youneedtowriteaspeechinawaythatkeepstheattentionofanaudienceandhelpspaintamentalimageatthesametime.Whatevertypeofspeechyoudecidetowrite,findwaystomakeyourwordsmemorable.Thestructureofhowtowriteyourspeechisjustthestart.17．Startbypayingattentiontoyouraudienceandtheirinterests.Writethewordsyou’llspeakwithpassionandenthusiasm,whichyoualsowantyourlistenerstoshare.Whenwritingyourattention-grabbingstatements,makesureyouarewritingwhatwillgettheirattention,notjustyours.18．Readfamousspeechesandlookatthewaytheyareconstructed.Findthingsthatstandoutandfigureoutwhatmakesitinteresting.Oftentimes,speechwritersuserhetoricaldevices（修辭法）tomakecertainpointseasytoremember.Remembertobeginandendyourspeechwithsomethingthatwillgainandholdtheattentionofyouraudience.Ifyouspendtoomuchtimegettingintoyourspeech,peoplewillzoneoutorstartcheckingtheirphones.19．20．Whenyougivethespeech,thinkaboutthetoneyoushoulduse,andbesuretowritethespeechinthesameflowthatyou’duseinconversations.Agreatwaytocheckthisflowistopracticereadingitoutloud.Ifyoustumble（磕磕巴巴）whilereadingoritfeelsdull,lookforwaystojazzup（使活潑）thewordsandimprovetheflow.A．You’llalsoneedtowritethespeechskillfully.B．Howyoudeliverthespeechisalsoimportant.C．Youcangaininspirationfromothers’speeches.D．Instead,ifinterested,theymaystickwithyouuntiltheend.E.Sotheessayformcanofferagoodfoundationfortheprocess.F.However,unlikeessays,speechesarenottobereadbuttobeheard.G.Inotherwords,yourspeechshouldcontainsomecolor,drama,orhumor.【答案】16．F17．A18．C19．D20．B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了如何寫好演講稿和做好演講的方法。16．根據(jù)前文“Justlikeessays,allspeecheshavethreemainsections:theintroduction,thebody,andtheconclusion.(就像散文一樣，所有的演講都有三個(gè)主要部分:引言、正文和結(jié)語。)”可知，作者將演講與論文進(jìn)行了類比，前文講到了其在結(jié)構(gòu)上的相同點(diǎn)，因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)是提及不同點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)F.However,unlikeessays,speechesarenottobereadbuttobeheard.(然而，與散文不同的是，演講不是用來讀的，而是用來聽的。)提及了不同點(diǎn)，且However表轉(zhuǎn)折含義，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。17．根據(jù)后文“tartbypayingattentiontoyouraudienceandtheirinterests.Writethewordsyou’llspeakwithpassionandenthusiasm,whichyoualsowantyourlistenerstoshare.Whenwritingyourattention-grabbingstatements,makesureyouarewritingwhatwillgettheirattention,notjustyours.(注意你的聽眾和他們的興趣。寫下你將充滿激情和熱情地說的話，你也希望你的聽眾能夠分享。當(dāng)你寫那些吸引注意力的語句時(shí)，確保你寫的是能引起他們注意的內(nèi)容，而不僅僅是你自己的。)”可知，本段主要講述了寫作技巧。A項(xiàng)You’llalsoneedtowritethespeechskillfully.(你還需要把演講稿寫得很有技巧。)貼合主題，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。18．設(shè)空句應(yīng)是本段中心主旨句。根據(jù)后文“Readfamousspeechesandlookatthewaytheyareconstructed.(閱讀著名的演講，看看它們是如何構(gòu)造的。)”可知本段主要話題應(yīng)是“可以參考其他人的演講學(xué)習(xí)”。選項(xiàng)C.Youcangaininspirationfromothers’speeches.(你可以從別人的演講中獲得靈感。)貼合本段主題，可作中心主旨句。故選C項(xiàng)。19．根據(jù)前文“Ifyouspendtoomuchtimegettingintoyourspeech,peoplewillzoneoutorstartcheckingtheirphones.(如果你在演講上花了太多時(shí)間，人們就會(huì)走神或者開始查看手機(jī)。)”可知，前文在講述觀眾在演講不感興趣時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，因此可以推知設(shè)空句應(yīng)是講到感興趣時(shí)觀眾又是如何表現(xiàn)的。選項(xiàng)D.Instead,ifinterested,theymaystickwithyouuntiltheend.(相反，如果你感興趣，他們可能會(huì)一直陪著你直到最后。)講述了感興趣時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，且與前文形成對比，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)后文“Whenyougivethespeech,thinkaboutthetoneyoushoulduse,andbesuretowritethespeechinthesameflowthatyou’duseinconversations.(當(dāng)你在做演講的時(shí)候，考慮一下你應(yīng)該使用的語氣，并且一定要用你在對話中使用的語氣來寫演講。)”可知，本段在講述如何開始演講。選項(xiàng)B.Howyoudeliverthespeechisalsoimportant.(你如何發(fā)表演講也很重要。)符合本段主旨要義。故選B項(xiàng)。9.（2020屆河南省鄭州市高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測）AsfearexistsinChinaandtheworldoverthespreadingCOVID-19（新冠肺炎），businessownersworldwideareallfeelingthepain.Uncertaintyandlackofconfidencehavealwaysbeenamongthebigenemiesofeconomies.Andnowtheuniversaleconomyisstillundergreatpressure.16．Ascountriesissuewarningsandtravelbans,thetourismandservicesaremostaffected.In2018,around140millionChinesemadeoutboundtripsaccordingtotheChinaTourismAcademy.17．Itisthusnotsurprisingthatlocalhotels,restaurantsandtravelagenciesincitieslikeNewYorkandLondonarealsosufferinglossesfromthevirusfallout.AccordingtoaNewYorkTimesreport,ChinatowninManhattanhasseenbusinessdropof50to70percent.AhotelownerwhoreliesonChinesecustomerssaidthatthelosscouldbewellover100,000dollarsandclimbing.FederalReserveChairman,JeromePowell,isalsowarningtheoutbreakcouldposea“newrisk”totheUSeconomy.TheeconomiccostoftheCOVID-19outbreakisgrowingandhardtoestimate（估計(jì)）.18．Duringthe2003SARS,whichlastedaround7months,itisestimatedthateconomiclossesworldwideaffectedbytheoutbreakwereover30billiondollars.Therippleeffect（連鎖反應(yīng)）spreadacrosstheAtlantictoToronto,themostseverelyaffectedareainCanada.Itisestimatedthatthecitywillloseabout950milliondollarsduetotherestrictionsontravel.19．ItstartedinMexicoandAmericain2009.WhiletheAmericasweremostaffectedbythevirus,researchhasalsofoundthattheeconomiccostofthevirusinKoreawasashighas1billiondollars.Inthisinterconnectedworld,anypandemic（流行?。﹊sworldwide.Variouseconomistshavepointedoutthatmosteconomiccostsarenotrelatedtothevirusdirectly,butthepanicoverit.Lackofconfidencecanalsoworsenthefragile