語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)策略在詞匯教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用(“詞匯”文檔)共38張

《語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)策略在詞匯教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用---以Unit1Book3詞匯教學(xué)為例》浙江省遂昌中學(xué)彭素飛1、語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的含義

語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)理論(TheTheoryofSemanticfields)由德國(guó)學(xué)者特雷爾(J.Trier)20世紀(jì)30年代提出。所謂語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)，指的是一個(gè)核心概念與其相關(guān)的具有共同語(yǔ)義特征的若干個(gè)詞，集合在一起，組成一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng),又叫詞匯場(chǎng),是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，它把相互關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯和短語(yǔ)組織起來(lái)，顯示其間的相互關(guān)系，意義相關(guān)的W1、W2、W3……，構(gòu)成一個(gè)集合，稱(chēng)為詞匯場(chǎng)，詞匯場(chǎng)F1、F2、F3……的集合構(gòu)成某一語(yǔ)言的詞匯總和V(vocabulary)。例如：在color這個(gè)核心概念下,yellow,purple,orange,pink等詞共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)。在fruit這個(gè)核心概念下，appleorangepearlemonstrawberrygrapecoconutolivemango等詞共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)。分類(lèi)義場(chǎng)。這一分類(lèi)包括了同類(lèi)事物（現(xiàn)象，性質(zhì)，運(yùn)動(dòng)，行為….）的各種對(duì)象。二元分類(lèi)：如水田，旱田；自轉(zhuǎn)，公轉(zhuǎn)等；多元分類(lèi)：如赤、橙、黃、綠、青、藍(lán)、紫；等。分類(lèi)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)可以是多層次的，大類(lèi)之下可劃分出小類(lèi)，小類(lèi)之下又可分出更小的分支，動(dòng)物可以分成禽獸和人，而禽獸下面又劃分出鳥(niǎo)、魚(yú)、昆蟲(chóng)，哺乳動(dòng)物；哺乳動(dòng)物下又分出豬，狗、馬牛，狼….等等，而狗的下面又劃分成各種狗。

animaldogsheepwolftigereweramlamb順序義場(chǎng)。如January,February,March...Sunday，Monday,Tuesday,…舉凡數(shù)目，時(shí)序關(guān)系，軍銜，學(xué)位，考核名次等詞語(yǔ)都屬于這類(lèi)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)。關(guān)系義場(chǎng)。關(guān)系義場(chǎng)的義位反映人與人，人與事物及事物及事物之間的關(guān)系。如二元的：teacher-student；exit，entrance；多元的：敵軍-友軍-我軍；哥哥-姐姐-弟弟-妹妹。反義義場(chǎng)。這通常包括意義剛好相反的詞語(yǔ)。如war-peace；construction-destruction兩極義場(chǎng)。同反義義場(chǎng)相同，兩極義場(chǎng)都是二元的，意義上彼此相反。但兩個(gè)義位之間有過(guò)渡地帶。如“大”與“小”，rich與poor形成兩極，但“不大不小”及neitherrichnorpoor（不富也不窮）也有意義。部分否定義場(chǎng)。所謂部分否定義場(chǎng)是不完全相反的否定，如inevitability（必然性）與possibility（可能性）,全體與部分兩組詞中二者在意義上不完全相反，多元部分否定的例子如hot,warm,cool,cold，進(jìn)攻-防御-退卻等等。同義義場(chǎng):兩個(gè)概念意義（conceptualmeaning）相同，但附加意義(內(nèi)涵意義，風(fēng)格意義，感性意義，聯(lián)想意義，搭配意義及主題意義）不同的義位構(gòu)成的義場(chǎng)。如《同義詞詞林》一書(shū)中關(guān)于“死”就有一百多種表達(dá)式。英語(yǔ)Roget’sInternationalThesaurass一書(shū)中表示死的同義場(chǎng)中也有百多種同義表達(dá)式。再如英語(yǔ)中模仿各種走獸，飛禽、昆蟲(chóng)、爬蟲(chóng)的鳴叫聲的擬聲詞也多得不可勝數(shù)，所以Franl.c.Flower說(shuō)我們生活在不同動(dòng)物鳴叫聲的“世界”里，語(yǔ)義學(xué)家A.Lehrer恰好說(shuō)過(guò)一種語(yǔ)言的全部象聲詞也形成一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)。如war-peace；ButthisValentine’sDay,Igavehimthepermissiontodateanotherwoman,whowasactuallyhismother,forIknewshealsolovedhimandwouldlovetospendsometimewithhim.holdone’sbreathValentine’sDayindependence這通常包括意義剛好相反的詞語(yǔ)。Iwassoglad.IjustwanthimtoknowthathowmuchIlovehimwhereverIam!Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie.construction-destructionclothing—dressup分類(lèi)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)可以是多層次的，大類(lèi)之下可劃分出小類(lèi)，小類(lèi)之下又可分出更小的分支，動(dòng)物可以分成禽獸和人，而禽獸下面又劃分出鳥(niǎo)、魚(yú)、昆蟲(chóng)，哺乳動(dòng)物；如二元的：teacher-student；語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)理論在詞匯教學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中運(yùn)用的

主要策略1.大腦風(fēng)暴2.建立語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)3.建立概念圖大腦風(fēng)暴建立語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立概念圖Unit1Book3詞匯教學(xué)單詞表重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)（11+13）

religiousbelieftrickgaingatherawardadmirepermissionapologizeobviousremind

takeplaceinmemoryofdressupplayatrickonlookforwardtodayandnightasthoughhavefunwithturnupkeepone’swordholdone’sbreathsetoffremind…of課標(biāo)詞匯（29）beautyharvestcelebrationstarveoriginancestorfeastbonepoetarrivalindependenceindependentagricultureagriculturalMexicoroosterenergeticclothingChristiancustomworldwidefoolparkingparkinglotdrownsadnesswipeweep(wept,wept)forgive（forgaveforgiven)帶的詞匯（16+11）seasonalgraveincenseskullproducelunarcherryblossomrosebudnecessitypredictionfashionweave(wovewoven）herdmagpieannouncerObonn.（日本）盂蘭盆節(jié)Halloweenn.萬(wàn)圣節(jié)Columbusn.哥倫布日Carnivaln.狂歡節(jié)Valentine’sDayn.情人節(jié)TheMilkyWay銀河ChristopherColumbus哥倫布Jesus耶穌Carla卡拉Hari哈利Trinidad特立尼達(dá)島Unit1Book3詞匯教學(xué)過(guò)程1.以“festival”為核心激活原有詞匯2.以“festival”為核心建立概念圖3.以“Valentine’sDay”為主題展開(kāi)聯(lián)想4.詞匯產(chǎn)出運(yùn)用buynecessitiesforthefestivalfestivalTVgalasetofffirecrackersclothing—dressupfeastluckymoneyholidayplaycomputergames

dayandnightgiftscelebrationgather/gettogetherFestivalTheSpringFestivalTomb--SweepingDaytheDragon--BoatFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestivaltheChineseLunarNewYearseasonalfestivalcelebratethearrivalofspringrainheavilygrave/tombinmemoryofancestorsincensefiredisastergettogetheragriculturalproduceharvestmooncakemoonlightQuyuan/poetboat-racingzongzicrosstalkFestivaltheSpringFestivalTVgaladancingpopmusic---JayChoumagic—LiuQian--playtrickscomedy---XiaoShenyanacrobaticsFestivalChristmasDayValentine’sDayFool’sDayHalloweenTreatorTrickdressupaswitchesandghostsfoolPlaytricksparadeturkeywineSanta

clausreligiousoriginChristianJesusChristmas

treehappy/sadbeautydressupdatecandyloverrose/rosebudFestivalChinesefestivalsForeignfestivalsthespringfestivalTomb-SweepingDayplaygamesdayandnightpoetfeast/starvethearrivalofspringgettogetheragriculturalproducecelebrateharvestlovertheDragonBootFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestivalthechineselumarnewyearseasonalfestivalbuynecessitiesforitclothingsetofffirecrackersgettogether/gatherinmemoryofQuyuanancestorsgraveincenseinmemoryofrose/rosebudwitchdressupghosttreatortrickreligiousoriginJesusbeautyhappysadfoolplaytrick’sonparadedressupChristianSantaclausfeastwineturkeyValentine’sDayFool’sDAYHalloweenChristmasDayValentine’sDayAworldwideholidayDoubleSeventhDay

celebrationtheherdboytheweavinggirl(weavewovewoven)theGoddessofHeaventheMilkywaymagpieastoryofsadnessexchangegiftshavecandledinnerrose/card/chocolate/candylovering/watch/tie/lovebandcoffeeshop/turnup/rosebudholdhisbreath/keepherworddrownhissadnessinwine/apologize/smile/hug輸出練習(xí):1.Readthepassage“BeingWithYourMother未能如愿的約會(huì)”

(摘自《海外英語(yǔ)》）2.Supposeyouweretheauthor,thewifeandthemother,retellthestoryinyourownwords,usingasmanynewwordsandphrasesaspossibleinthisunit.BeingWithYourMother

未能如愿的約會(huì)After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamoviethisValentine’sDay.

Shesaid,“Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyouandwouldLovetospendsometimewithyou.”

TheotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmyMother,whohasbeenawidow(寡婦）for19years,butthedemandsofmyworkandmythreechildrenhadmadeitpossibletovisitheronlyoccasionally.

ThatnightIcalledtoinvitehertogooutfordinnerandamovie.

"What'swrong,areyouwell?"sheasked.

Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenightcallorasurpriseinvitationisasignofbadnews."Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,"Iresponded."Justthetwoofus."

Shethoughtaboutitforamomentandthensaid,"Iwouldlikethatverymuch.“Shewaitedinthedoorwithhercoaton.Shehadcurledherhairandwaswearingthedressthatshehadworntocelebrateherlastweddinganniversary.Shesmiledfromafacethatwasasradiantasanangel's.

"ItoldmyfriendsthatIwasgoingtogooutwithmysonandtheywereimpressed,"shesaid,asshegotintothecar."Theycan'twaittohearaboutourmeeting."

Wewenttoarestaurantthat,althoughnotelegant,wasveryniceandcozy.MymothertookmyarmasifsheweretheFirstLady.Afterwesatdown,Ihadtoreadthemenu.Hereyescouldonlyreadlargeprint.Half-waythroughtheentrees,IliftedmyeyesandsawMothersittingtherestaringatme.Anostalgicsmilewasonherlips.

"ItwasIwhousedtohavetoreadthemenuwhenyouweresmall,"shesaid.

"Thenit'stimethatyourelaxandletmereturnthefavor,"Iresponded.

Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversationnothingextraordinarybutcatchinguponrecenteventsofeachother'slife.Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie.

Aswearrivedatherhouselater,shesaid,"I'llgooutwithyouagain,butonlyifyouletmeinviteyou."

Iagreed.“Howwasyourdinnerdate?”askedmywifewhenIgothome.

“Verynice,muchmoresothanIcouldhaveimagined,”Ianswered.

Afewdayslater,mymotherdiedofamassiveheartattack.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIdidn‘thaveachancetodoanythingforher.

Sometimelater,Ireceivedanenvelopewithacopyofarestaurantreceipt（發(fā)票）fromthesameplaceMotherandIhaddined.Anattachednotesaid:"Ipaidthisbillinadvance.Iwasn'tsurethatIcouldbethere;but,nevertheless,Ipaidfortwoplates-oneforyouandtheotherforyourwife.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.Iloveyou,son."Atthatmoment,Iunderstoodtheimportanceofsayingintime:'IloveYOU'andtogiveourlovedonesthetimethattheydeserve.

Nothinginlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftillsome"other"time.FromtheWife

Ihavebeenmarriedfor21yearsandIlovemyhusband,Hariverymuch.ButthisValentine’sDay,Igavehimthepermissiontodateanotherwoman,whowasactuallyhismother,forIknewshealsolovedhimandwouldlovetospendsometimewithhim.ThatFridayafterwork,myhusbandwentoutwithhismotherandIcouldn’twaittoknowmoreaboutthismeeting.Itseemedtheyhadgreatfunwitheachotherandevenmadeanotherdate.ButMotherdiedseveraldayslater.Whenweweredrowningourselvesinthesadness,aletterfromMothercame,tellinguswhatthatnightmeanttoher.Iwassoglad.Wecangaingreatawardifspendalittletimewithourfamily.Fromtheauthor

ThisValentine’sDay,mywife,Carlaaskedmetotakemymotherouttodinnerandamovie.ThatnightIdidgiveMotheracallandsheacceptedit,thoughalittlesurprised.ThatFridayafterwork,Isetofftopickmymotherup,whoobviouslyhaddressedup.Wewenttoaniceandcozyrestaurant.MymothertookmyarmasthoughsheweretheFirstLady.ThedatewassogoodthatMotherevensuggestedasecondone.Butshedidn’tkeepherword.Severaldayslater,whatIreallydidwasweepingforherpassingaway.Sometimelater,Ireceivedaletterfromher,tellingmehowmuchthatnightmeanttoher.IwassogratefulforwhatIhavedone.ChristmastreeThatFridayafterwork,myhusbandwentoutwithhismotherandIcouldn’twaittoknowmoreaboutthismeeting.Halloweenn.TheSpringFestival“Verynice,muchmoreso