2023新高考新教材版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題十　推測詞義高考真題

2023新高考新教材版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題十推測詞義題組一單詞類Passage1（2019江蘇,B）詞數(shù)360Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebeforerhecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownfbralongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature-that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.BlitChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圓錐體）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（巖漿）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtolestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-uDforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans..WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C.Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D.Theexactlocationofthevolcano..Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D.Theheightsofvolcanoes..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Hot-airballoon.B.Digitalcamera.C.Bigphotograph.D.Bird'sview.答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文.主題語境是人與自然，旨在提升學(xué)生對自然的認(rèn)知.文章提到,Christiansen研究黃石國家公園的時候在公園內(nèi)找不到破火山口，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎整個公園都是破火山口.ID細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:當(dāng)Christiansen研究黃石國家公園的時候.什么事情讓他感到迷惑?根據(jù)文章第一段第一句...BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.可知應(yīng)選D項（火山的確切位置）.A:它復(fù)雜的地理特征:B:它對旅游業(yè)的永久的影響:C:這個公園神秘的歷史..A主旨要義題.本題題干意為:第二段主要講的是什么?根據(jù)第二段第一句中theclassicconeshapes和最后三句可知,第二段介紹了火山的兩種形狀,故選A項.B:火山的影響;C:火山的活動;D:火山的高度。.C推測詞義題。本題題干意為:最后一段中的畫線詞blow-up最有可能是什么意思?根據(jù)文章最后一段中美國航空航天局用高空照相機拍攝黃石國家公園及Christiansen看到照片后意識到自己為什么找不到破火山口可知，畫線詞意為“大照片”.故C項正確.A:熱氣球:B:數(shù)碼相機:D:鳥瞰.［長難句］Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.然而，還有一種btU不出名的火山,這種火山不涉及造山運動.此句是主從復(fù)合句。本句主干是Thereisasecondlessknowntypeofvolcano,句中含有一個定語從句thatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding。Passage2話題:語言發(fā)展難度:中詞數(shù)：294（2018課標(biāo)全國I?Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecentlimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（聯(lián)系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefanners,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;thcAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,0(X),whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(l50),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival..Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Thcywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected..Whichofthefollowingbestexplains^dominanf'underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modem..Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200..Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案［語篇解讀I本文為說明文,作者從語言發(fā)展歷史這一角度論述了人類的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了世界上語言數(shù)量的減少.I.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:對于采獵者時代的語言，我們可推斷出什么”根據(jù)第一段第二句（當(dāng)世界人口仍然由采獵者構(gòu)成的時候,小的、聯(lián)系緊密的群體彼此獨立地形成了自己的講話模式.）可知答案為B項（它們的數(shù)量很大）.A:它們發(fā)展得很快;C:它們有相似的模式:D:它們聯(lián)系很緊密.2.C猜測詞義題。本題題干意為:下面哪一項最好地解釋了第二段畫線詞“dominant”?根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子中的“suchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可推知dominant的意思是“占統(tǒng)治地位的.強大的"，故答案為C項（Powerful）.A:復(fù)雜的:B:高級的;D:現(xiàn)代的.3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題.本題題干意為:目前，有多少種語言的使用人數(shù)少于6.00（），根據(jù)第三E殳第一句（目前世界上大約有6.800種語言。）和第三段最后一句（……這意味著世界的語言中有一半的語言.其使用人數(shù)不足6,000.）可知.答案為B項（6,800x1/2=3,400）.4.C主旨大意題。本題題干意為:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介紹了本文的主題，即語言幾千年來一直變化不定，但在最近時期，其數(shù)量越來越少.然后進一步解釋造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是社會的發(fā)展.故答案為C項.高級詞塊「globalisation/,ghubalal'zelfn/n.全球化2.distribution/.distn,bju:Jn/n.分布Passage3（20m課標(biāo)全國ii,b）Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:4kMakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.Once1hadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.HisconstructionsHlledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,w*ButFmjustnotcreative.**“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep?”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.''Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.^That'sprettycreative.Whodoesthatfbryou?”“Nobody.Idoit.”“Really—atnight,whenyou'reasleep?”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?”.ThcteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto.A.knowmoreaboutthestudentsB.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudents'interestinartD.tcachthestudentsabouttoydesign.WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative..Whatdoestheunderlinedword^downside^inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden..Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.答案［語篇解讀I本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者在西雅圖一所學(xué)校教學(xué)的時候為了更好地了解學(xué)生進行了一次小測試，并且有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)..A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句中的IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents可知.作者在學(xué)期開始使用Tinkertoys作為測試是為了了解學(xué)生的一些情況.由此判斷A項符合題意..D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第四句Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.可知這個孩子在他的作品上極有創(chuàng)造力.由此判斷他是有想象力的.故選D項.3.B猜測詞義題.根據(jù)文章第四段第二句可知，作者鼓勵這種思維就有失去那些有不同風(fēng)格的思維的學(xué)生的危險.因此可判斷這種行為有不利的方面.故選擇B項.4.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的Trydoingitinthedaytime可知，作者要孩子＜門在白天嘗試夢中的想法而此判斷作者讓孩子1門說出自己的夢的真正目的是讓孩子1門看到自己的創(chuàng)造性.故選A項.Passage4（2016課標(biāo)全國hi.b）OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtabic.“Hey,aren'tyoufromMississippiV^theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.4*rmfromMississippitoo.”Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,''Weltysaid/'Ididn'tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking?'TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty'snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion（團聚）.“Myfriendsaid:*Nowwebelieveyourstories,Weltyadded."AndIsaid:kNowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.'"Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation."Idon'tmakethemupjshesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears/41don'thaveto.”Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty'speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment（片斷）ofaparticularlyinterestingstory..WhathappenedwhenWeltywaswithherfriendsatthecafe?A.Twostrangersjoinedher.B.Herchildhoodfriendscamein.C.Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.D.Somepeopleheldapartythere..Thcunderlinedword^them^inParagraph6referstoWelty's.A.readers B.partiesC.friends D.stories.WhatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinWelty'sfiction?A.Thcyliveinbigcities.B.Theyaremostlywomen.C.Theycomefromreallife.D.Theyarcpleasureseekers.左堂a［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文，講述了美國著名女作家EudoraWelty在紐約旅游時的一次經(jīng)歷.她讓朋友相信了她小說中的人物都來源于真實的生活.她善于和各種人交往，從而使她的小說真實、生動..A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段…thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup...可以得知選A。干擾項為C項?雖然有大雨，但是沒有破壞他們的晚餐，所以排除C選項。.D猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上文中的Nowwebelieveyourstories可以推斷出選Do.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段中的Idon'tmakethemup和最后一段可以推斷出她的小說中的人物來自真實的生活。Passage5（2016四川,0InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous（土著的）people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony（殖民地）ofiheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaoffctlawlessness^intheworld.ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecomersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.“IhaveaspeciallovefbrtheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,''saysGin/i,vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.M“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedliffe,“continuesGin."Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly/'Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide..WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?A.TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.B.TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.C.Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.D.TheyarcbothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens..GinintroducesthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas.A.atourguideB.ageographerC.afilmdirectorD.aphotographer.WhatisGin'sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative..Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.ThcmodemFrenchlifestyle.B.Theself-supportinghunting.C.Theuncivilizedworld.D.TheFrenchRepublic.答案［語篇解讀I本文是一篇記敘文,題材為社會生活類。在遠離法國本土的圭亞那的熱帶雨林深處還有一些法屬土著居民.一個巴黎人用自己的黑白鏡頭記錄下了這個部落的人們的自由生活..A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.(itA驚訝的是,這些人很大程度上根據(jù)他們自己的法律和社會習(xí)俗生活.「可推知.他們很少遵守法國法律.故答案為A項。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的aphotographicrecord可知Gin是以一個攝影師的身份來向人們介紹這些土著居民的.故答案為D項.A項:一個導(dǎo)游;B項:一地理學(xué)家;C項:一位電影導(dǎo)演。.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的描述?我看到的不是一個目無法律的世界.而是一片自由的樂土?！笨赏茢喑鰯z影師Gin是非常喜歡這個部落的生活的.所以答案為D項。cautious小心的.謹(jǐn)慎的;doubtful懷疑的.不確定的:uninterested不感興趣的;appreciative欣賞的，感激的。.A猜測詞義題.which弓I導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句該從句的意思是伴隨著這種生活方式不但帶來了必要的國家福利而且也帶來了酗酒、背叛甚至還帶來了自殺。由此推斷出畫線的it指的是現(xiàn)代的法國生活方式,所以答案為A項.B項:自給自足的狩獵方式;C項:未開化的世界;D項:法蘭西共和國。Passage6（2015課標(biāo)全國i,0SalvadorDali（1904—1989）wasoneofthemostpopularofmodemartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsfbrstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities（無限）.“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge,contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffbcus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum-theatreinFigueras「explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration（合作）withtheMuseoNacionaiReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontribuSonsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida..WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.0.Traditional..WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes..HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject..Whatdocstheword^contributions^inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.林室口［語篇解讀1SalvadorDali是最著名的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家之一，為了對他表示尊敬和欽佩.巴黎Pompidou中心組織了一次他的作品展。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的withanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore可知展覽的作品種類繁多,由此可推斷出Dali是個“多產(chǎn)的“藝術(shù)家。.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwilltmdthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.可知A項正確。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubject...可知D項正確。.A猜測詞義題。最后一段指出，展出的優(yōu)秀作品是與其他博物館合作準(zhǔn)備的,包括來自St.Petersburg的SalvadorDali博物館的藝術(shù)品，故選A項。［高級詞塊］①bringtogether把……收集起來②infinitysmall無窮小Passage7（2015北京,C）LifeintheClearTransparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet—asfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,4kTheseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey'reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.^^Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbecomesee-through?It'strickierthanyoumightthink.Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter（散射）lighkbouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.Butatransparentobjectdoesn'tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnotverymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn'tlookverydifferentfromthesurroundingairorwater.Youdon'tseeit——youseethethingsbehindit.Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausetheycontainpigments（色素）thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparentanimaldoesn'thavepigments,soitstissueswon'tabsorblight.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Therealchallengeispreventinglightfromscattering.Animalsarebuiltofmanydifferentmaterials—skin,fat,andmore—andlightmovesthrougheachatadifferentspeed.Everytimelightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.Transparentanimalsusedifferenttrickstofightscattering.Someanimalsaresimplyverysmallorextremelyflat.Withoutmuchtissuetoscatterlight,itiseasiertobesee-through.Othersbuildalarge,clearmassofnon-livingjelly-like（果凍狀的）materialandspreadthemselvesoverit.Largertransparentanimalshavethebiggestchallenge,becausetheyhavetomakeallthedifferenttissuesintheirbodiesslowdownlightexactlyasmuchaswaterdoes.Theyneedtolookuniform.Buthowthey'redoingitisstillunknown.Onethingisclear:fortheselargeranimals,stayingtransparentisanactiveprocess.Whentheydie.theyturnanon-transparentmilkywhite.1.AccordingtoParagraphI,transparentanimals.A.stayingroupsB.canbeeasilydamagedC.appcaronlyindeepoceanD.arebeautifulcreatures2.Theunderlinedword"dead”inParagraph3means.A.silentlyB.graduallyC.regularlyD.completely3.Onewayfbrananimaltobecometransparentisto.A.changethedirectionoflighttravelB.gathermaterialstoscatterlightC.avoidtheabsorptionoflightD.growbiggertostoplight4,Thelastparagraphtellsusthatlargertransparentanimals.A.movemoreslowlyindeepwaterB.staysee-throughevenafterdeathC.producemoretissuesfortheirsurvivalD.takceffectiveactiontoreducelightspreading答案I語篇解讀］本文為說明文.介紹了如玻璃般透明的動物.1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段第三句可知B項正確。.D猜測詞義題。由Othersabsorblight可知是完全阻擋了光線的傳播。.C推理判斷題.由第五段第一句可知C項正確..D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話可知D項正確。Passage8（2015重慶,D）Therearemanyplacestogoonsafari（觀賞動物）inAfrica,butridingahorsethroughthefloodedwatersofBotswana'sOkavangoDeltamustrankasoneoftheworld'smostexcitingwildlifejourneys.Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure,providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses,professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers.Theyhaveareputationforprovidingagreatridingexperience.Themorningride,whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful,shallowlakesfullofwaterlilies,tendstobemoreactive.ltisunlikeanyotherridingexperience.Withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwaleraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandiacejtistrulyexciting.Youareverylikelytocomeacrosslargewildanimals,too.Onhorsebackitispossibletogetquiteclosetoelephants,giraffesandmanyotheranimals.Thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough,asdoesyourheartrate,asyoumoveclosertothem.Intheevening,ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace,withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare,ridesatthislimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.Asthesun'srayspassthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses,theromanceofAfricacomestolife.Backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine.Lookingbackonyourday,youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebacksafariisascloseasyouwillevercometoansweringthecallofthewild..WhatdoestheunderlinedwordtfcTheyMreferto?A.Floodedwaters.B.Wildlifejourneys.C.Safaricamps.D.Uniquerides..Whatdoestheauthorfindmostexcitingaboutahorsebacksafari?A.SecingandfeelingtherealAfricanlife.B.Enjoyinggoodfoodandwineatthecamp.C.Huntinglargeanimalsjustasourancestorsdid.D.Beingpartofthesceneandgettingclosetoanimals..Whatdocstheunderlinedword^Scdatc^probablymean?A.Wildandromantic.B.Slowandpeaceful.C.Hungryandthirsty.D.Activcandexcited..TheauthorintnxlucestheridingexperienceintheOkavangoDeltamainlyby.A.followingspaceorderB.followingtimeorderC.makingclassificationsD.givingexamples答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文.題材為觀光旅游類。走進非洲，那里有很多可以觀賞野生動物的地方。.C猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure...?!!Thecampshaveexcellenthorses…可以推知,“They”在這里指的是safaricamps.故選C項。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的描述可知.融入風(fēng)景、接近動物是作者認(rèn)為的觀賞中最令人激動的事情。.B猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二一句Intheevening,ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace…和第二句Sedatethoughtheyare...可以推知選B項。.B推理判斷題。作者按照時間順序Themorningridejntheevening;Backatthecamp來進行說明。故選B項。Passage9（2015四川,D）Theircheerysongbrightensmanyawinter'sday.Butrobinsareindangerofwearingthemselvesoutbysingingloomuch.Robinsaresingingallnight—aswellasduringtheday,British-basedresearcherssay.DavidDominoni,ofGlasgowUniversity,saidthatlightfromstreetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds'biologicalclocksjeadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.DrDominoni,whoisputtingcamerasinsidenestingboxestotracksleepingpatterns,saidlackofsleepcouldputthebirds'healthatrisk.Hisstudyshowsthatwhenrobinsareexposedtolightatnightinthelab,itleadstosomegenesbeingactiveatthewrongtimeofday.Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.Hetoldpeopleataconference,4fcTherehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsongoutputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging.Singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy.Sobyincreasingtheirsongoutput,theremightbesomecostsofenergy/'Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.DrDominonisaid,“InGlasgowwhereIlive,gullsareaseriousproblem.1havepeoplecomingtomesaying4Youarethebirdexpert.Canyouhelpuskillthesegulls?\Duringthebreeding（繁殖）season,belweenAprilandJunejheyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan'tsleep75AlthoughDrDominonihasonlystudiedlightpollution,othcrresearchconcludedthatrobinslivinginnoisycitieshavestartedtosingatnighttomakethemselvesheardoverloudnoise.However,somebirdsthrive（興旺）innoisyenvironments.AstudyfromCaliforniaPolytechnicUniversity（bundmorehummingbirdsinareaswithheavyindustrialmachinery.ltisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredators（天敵）fleeingtoquieterareas..AccordingtoDrDominoni,sstudy,whatcausesrobinstosingsomuch?A.Thebreedingseason.B.Thelightinmodemlife.C.Thcdangerousenvironment.D.Thenoisefromheavymachinery..Whatistheresearchers'concernovertheincreaseofbirds'songoutput?A.Theenvironmentmightbepolluted.B.Thebirds'healthmightbedamaged.C.Theindustrycostmightbeincreased.D.Thepeople'shearingmightbeaffected..Whatdoestheunderlinedword^noctumaF'inParagraph5mean?A.Activeatnight.B.Inactiveatnight.C.Activcduringtheday.D.Inactiveduringtheday..Whydosomebirdsthriveinnoisyenvironments?A.Becausetherearefewerdangers..Becausethereismorefoodtoeat.C.Becausethereislesslightpollution.D.Becausetherearemoreplacestotakeshelter.林玄口I語篇解讀1本文為說明文.題材為環(huán)境保護類.文章主要通過描述知更鳥在人類社會的光污染下晝夜歌唱，造成體力的嚴(yán)重消耗和睡眠缺乏,這對其壽命構(gòu)成威脅.也影響到人類的睡口民環(huán)境.我們呼吁社會:給鳥類一個天堂,還人類一份寧靜.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由文章第二段中“l(fā)ightfh>mstreetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds'biologicalclocks,leadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep'和第三段最后一句Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.可知答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第一句DrDominoni,whoisputtingcamerasinsidenestingboxestotracksleepingpatterns,saidlackofsleepcouldputthebirds'healthalrisk.可知答案。.A猜測詞義題。由上文可知卻更鳥受到人造燈光的干擾而無法入睡。根據(jù)notjust和also的提示，再根據(jù)信息句“Duringthebreedingseason,betweenAprilandJune,theyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan'tsleep.”可知.㈣線詞表示“夜間活動的二故A項正確。.A推理判斷題。由文章最后一段最后一句"Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredatorsfleeingtoquieterareas."可知,一些鳥類在嘈雜的環(huán)境下興旺是因為面臨的危險少了。故A項正確。Passage10（2015江蘇。）FreedomandResponsibilityFreedom'schallenge