高中英語語法-非謂語動詞課件

NonfiniteVerbs(非謂語動詞)NonfiniteVerbs(非謂語動詞)1謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。

e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.單謂語或動詞短語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+v.系動詞+表語謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時2非謂語：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及過去分詞（done）。無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，可以有賓語或狀語。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.

Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.

非謂語：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及過去分3過去分詞不定式V.-ing形式非謂語動詞高考題鞏固題1鞏固題2過去分詞不定式V.-ing形式非謂語動詞高考題鞏固題1鞏4Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)

(predicative)(attribute)

(objectcomplement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)Revision:ThefunctionofV5V-ingasAdverbial1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.V-ing的形式V-ingasAdverbial1.Hearing6Revision（一）動詞不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared

(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.

(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestop

himfromliving…(objectcompement)Revision7高中英語語法-非謂語動詞課件8Johnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didn’tyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.I’llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.（二）不定式的形式、時態(tài)與語態(tài)小結(jié)

(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoingJohnsteppedforwardsoasto9過去分詞done若是及物動詞（vt）則表示被動；動作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動詞）若是不及物動詞（vi）則只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallen

tree=atreewhichhasfallen(down)1.形式與含義過去分詞done若是及物動詞（vt）則表示被動；動作已經(jīng)102.成分1)作表語

egSheisinterestedinthejob.\Alltheaudiencesaremoved.

2)作定語eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.

AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.2.成分1)作表語2)作定語Allthepeop113）作賓補

egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.4)作狀語

（比較：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）

eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.3）作賓補4)作狀語（比較：Whenwesawfr12判斷下列句子中過去分詞（done）的成分：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasn’tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn’tmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.adverbialObjectcomplementattributeadverbialObjectcomplementpredicativeadverbialattribute判斷下列句子中過去分詞（done）的成分：adverbial13例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.

There______nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.

Time________,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkedhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.

Thework_______,hewenttobed.beingpermitting當(dāng)存在不同主語時，可以用Ving形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。finished例4Astherewasnobody，hehad14不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.WhetherB解析：不定式做主語，常用“it”作為形式主語放于句首，常見句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.但是強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)形容詞與人的品性有關(guān)是改for為of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充當(dāng)形式賓語使用。不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehapp15不定式[例2]NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動詞后可以跟一個疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用不定式[例2]NMET2000第19題I’vewo16不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethirdone_______theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.enteredA解析：不定式做定語時為后置定語，常常修飾代詞anything/something/noting，名詞way/chance/opportunity等或由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物動詞要加介詞)不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethird17[例4]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式解析：因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式的作用[例4]NMET1999第21題Thepurpos18不定式不定式的作用

在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補,但變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)后to不可省略。例5:Youarenotallowed_____thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totakeD解析：allow的用法可見allowsb.todo和allowdoingsth.當(dāng)被改為被動態(tài)時，為sb.beallowedtodo.

不定式不定式的作用在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補19不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeetyou.A.AdverbialofpurposeB.AdverbialofresultC.AdverbialofreasonABCB不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlyto20[例7]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析：該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現(xiàn)”的意思。不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)[例7]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlov21[例8]NMET2002第14題Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B解析：不定式的語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾的詞的邏輯關(guān)系,被動關(guān)系用被動.[例8]NMET2002第14題Havingat22不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

解析：

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。不定式的否定形式不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatie23V.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作狀語和定語的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.HerushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosedV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998Europea24V.-ing形式例2asleepingbabyasleepingbagVing做定語時可以用來修飾名詞的狀態(tài)，用途，特點等。

boilingwaterboiledwateranexcitinggameanexcitedman

ving做定語時可以強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的進(jìn)行以及主動的關(guān)系，反之則用過去分詞V.-ing形式例2Ving做定語時可以用來修飾名詞的25V.-ing形式例3.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing有些動詞后接todo為賓語，而有些則接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下動詞forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既可以加todo也可加doing，但是意義不同。BV.-ing形式例3.Iforgot_____my26過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析：1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.（比較：Losinghimselfinthought,healmostran…）過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語的用法。過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題___27過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17題TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。所以A是正確的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17題The28過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析：該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cle29過去分詞4.作補語該題考查過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。theplan與carryout的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。seesth.done這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22題Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析過去分詞4.作補語該題考查過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。the30歷年高考題1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．kept

B．tobekept

C．keeping

D．beingkept

2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayed

B．toplayC．tobeplayed

D．tobeplayingADAB歷年高考題1.Friendshipislikem315.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Howaboutthetwoofus___32

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing10.Themissingboyswerel3315.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.

topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.

notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading15.Shecan’thelp____th345.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend鞏固練習(xí)CDABAD5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband351._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended____theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.workingNon-infinitive1._____isagoodofexercisef3614.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied16.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneeded B.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedof D.oneneedsalotofpractice17._________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived18.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking19.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned14.Itwassocoldthattheyke377.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest8.Doyouconsider___anygoodattemptingmanyscientificexperiments?A.thereB.itC.thisD.that9.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething________.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking10.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed11．Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverrive12.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow13.Believeitornot,hewasseen______upstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.go7.Shereachedthetopoftheh38Thankyou!Thankyou!39NonfiniteVerbs(非謂語動詞)NonfiniteVerbs(非謂語動詞)40謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。

e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.單謂語或動詞短語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+v.系動詞+表語謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時41非謂語：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及過去分詞（done）。無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，可以有賓語或狀語。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.

Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.

非謂語：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及過去分42過去分詞不定式V.-ing形式非謂語動詞高考題鞏固題1鞏固題2過去分詞不定式V.-ing形式非謂語動詞高考題鞏固題1鞏43Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)

(predicative)(attribute)

(objectcomplement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)Revision:ThefunctionofV44V-ingasAdverbial1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.V-ing的形式V-ingasAdverbial1.Hearing45Revision（一）動詞不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared

(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.

(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestop

himfromliving…(objectcompement)Revision46高中英語語法-非謂語動詞課件47Johnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didn’tyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.I’llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.（二）不定式的形式、時態(tài)與語態(tài)小結(jié)

(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoingJohnsteppedforwardsoasto48過去分詞done若是及物動詞（vt）則表示被動；動作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動詞）若是不及物動詞（vi）則只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallen

tree=atreewhichhasfallen(down)1.形式與含義過去分詞done若是及物動詞（vt）則表示被動；動作已經(jīng)492.成分1)作表語

egSheisinterestedinthejob.\Alltheaudiencesaremoved.

2)作定語eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.

AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.2.成分1)作表語2)作定語Allthepeop503）作賓補

egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.4)作狀語

（比較：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）

eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.3）作賓補4)作狀語（比較：Whenwesawfr51判斷下列句子中過去分詞（done）的成分：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasn’tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn’tmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.adverbialObjectcomplementattributeadverbialObjectcomplementpredicativeadverbialattribute判斷下列句子中過去分詞（done）的成分：adverbial52例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.

There______nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.

Time________,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkedhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.

Thework_______,hewenttobed.beingpermitting當(dāng)存在不同主語時，可以用Ving形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。finished例4Astherewasnobody，hehad53不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.WhetherB解析：不定式做主語，常用“it”作為形式主語放于句首，常見句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.但是強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)形容詞與人的品性有關(guān)是改for為of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充當(dāng)形式賓語使用。不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehapp54不定式[例2]NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動詞后可以跟一個疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用不定式[例2]NMET2000第19題I’vewo55不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethirdone_______theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.enteredA解析：不定式做定語時為后置定語，常常修飾代詞anything/something/noting，名詞way/chance/opportunity等或由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物動詞要加介詞)不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethird56[例4]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式解析：因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式的作用[例4]NMET1999第21題Thepurpos57不定式不定式的作用

在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補,但變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)后to不可省略。例5:Youarenotallowed_____thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totakeD解析：allow的用法可見allowsb.todo和allowdoingsth.當(dāng)被改為被動態(tài)時，為sb.beallowedtodo.

不定式不定式的作用在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補58不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeetyou.A.AdverbialofpurposeB.AdverbialofresultC.AdverbialofreasonABCB不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlyto59[例7]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析：該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現(xiàn)”的意思。不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)[例7]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlov60[例8]NMET2002第14題Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B解析：不定式的語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾的詞的邏輯關(guān)系,被動關(guān)系用被動.[例8]NMET2002第14題Havingat61不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

解析：

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。不定式的否定形式不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatie62V.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作狀語和定語的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞