嘉興海思外語(yǔ)小講堂托福考試語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)課件

托福語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣

托福語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣

什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣？虛擬語(yǔ)氣就是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣？虛擬語(yǔ)氣就是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測(cè)或建1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞would(should/could/might)+havedone將來(lái)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式wereto+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表現(xiàn)在Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.TheSmiths_____(have)alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.IfIlearnttoswim,I___(feel)saferinthewater.Peter____(be)arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we____(kill)表現(xiàn)在Ifhewerefree,hewouldh練習(xí)IfI____(be)you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe___(have),hewouldattendthemeeting.Mr.Brown_____(buy)ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.練習(xí)IfI____(be)you,Ishould表過(guò)去Ifyou____(come)yesterday,you___(meet)him.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he___(notfall)asleepsoquickly.It___(be)agoodmatchifithadn'trained.IfMother____(know)youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.表過(guò)去Ifyou____(come)yesterday表將來(lái)IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.表將來(lái)IfheshouldgotoQingHua練習(xí)Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfIweretodothiswork,I_____(do)itinmyownway.練習(xí)Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wif的省略當(dāng)從句中有were,hadshould,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒裝形式Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshemoremoney,shewoulddressfashionably.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadshelistenedmorecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.if的省略當(dāng)從句中有were,hadshould,wou2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（從句主句時(shí)間不一致）Ifyouhadtakenthemedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewereleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（從句主句時(shí)間不一致）練習(xí)Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he____(be)scientistnow.練習(xí)Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語(yǔ)氣的從句Ifitwerenotforthatfactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.IfIhadknownthatheasnotathome,Iwouldnothavecalledonhim.一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語(yǔ)氣的從句一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句有時(shí)，虛擬由without，with,under,引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.分詞短語(yǔ)Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodiaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.不定式短語(yǔ)TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforaforeigner.一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherwise.主句（虛擬）+but/butthat+從句（陳述）主句（陳述）+or/otherwise+從句（虛擬）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim,butIreallydon'tknowtheanswer.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshewouldbethinner.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherw練習(xí)ButforJohn,we_____(lose)thematchlastweek.Butforyourhelp,I____(find)theplace.練習(xí)ButforJohn,we_____(lose有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。①省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了該多好啊。有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用1.賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：order,command四個(gè)建議：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五個(gè)要求：urge\demand\require\request\desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用1.賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)練習(xí)MyunclesuggestedthatI____(get)ajobinabank.Theyinsistedthatameeting_____(beheld)assoonaspossbile.練習(xí)MyunclesuggestedthatI__2.以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.2.以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Therehavebeendemandsthattheybegivenmorefreetime.Myideaisthathe(should)do3.主語(yǔ)從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此還有以上虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞的衍生詞都用虛擬。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+動(dòng)詞原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent,preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+動(dòng)詞原形ashameapityItisdesired,suggestedthatwe(should)+動(dòng)詞原形decided,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended3.主語(yǔ)從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此還有以上虛擬練習(xí)itisessentialthatevertchild____（have)thesameeducationalopportunities.It'snecessarythatastudent___(learn)Englishwell.練習(xí)itisessentialthatevertc4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬It's(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).Itisabouttimeyourbabycouldwalk.

4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬5.定語(yǔ)從句的虛擬Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.Amanwhostoppedworkingwouldamounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,hewouldamounttonothing.5.定語(yǔ)從句的虛擬6.wish/ifonly的虛擬wish/ifonly之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。發(fā)生時(shí)間動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去式（be用were)過(guò)去用過(guò)完，或couldhavedone.現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形6.wish/ifonly的虛擬發(fā)生時(shí)間動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去式1）表現(xiàn)在Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Iwishyouwerehere.IwishIhadmroefreetime.IfonlyIwereabird.1）表現(xiàn)在Iwishitwerespringall2）過(guò)去IwishIhadtakenyouradviceIfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.IwishIcouldhavegonetothemoviewithyouyesterday.Iwishyourfathercouldhavebeentheretoseeitall.2）過(guò)去IwishIhadtakenyourad3)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)Iwishyouwouldagreewithme.Ifonlytherainwouldstop.IwishIcoulddance3)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)Iwishyouwouldagree練習(xí)Iwishshe___(come)toseemyparentsmoreoften.(將來(lái)）Sheoftenwishesthatshe___(canride)ahorse.(過(guò)去）Iwishthetrain___(arrive)already;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.（過(guò)去）練習(xí)Iwishshe___(come)tosee7.在evenif,eventhough所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。Itlooksasifitmightrain.現(xiàn)在HetalkstomeasthoughtIwereachild.現(xiàn)在HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.過(guò)去7.在evenif,eventhough所引導(dǎo)的讓步8.原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened,happy,pleased,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：①should+原形動(dòng)詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái))。如：Hewasangrythatyoushouldcallhimbyname.Iwasastonishedthatheshouldnotanswersuchaneasyquestion.②should+完成式,指過(guò)去。如：I’mverysorrythatyoushouldhavefailedtheexam.IwasverysurprisedthatFathershouldhaveknownwhatIdidyesterday.8.原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣托福語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣

托福語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣

什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣？虛擬語(yǔ)氣就是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣？虛擬語(yǔ)氣就是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測(cè)或建1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞would(should/could/might)+havedone將來(lái)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式wereto+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表現(xiàn)在Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.TheSmiths_____(have)alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.IfIlearnttoswim,I___(feel)saferinthewater.Peter____(be)arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we____(kill)表現(xiàn)在Ifhewerefree,hewouldh練習(xí)IfI____(be)you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe___(have),hewouldattendthemeeting.Mr.Brown_____(buy)ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.練習(xí)IfI____(be)you,Ishould表過(guò)去Ifyou____(come)yesterday,you___(meet)him.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he___(notfall)asleepsoquickly.It___(be)agoodmatchifithadn'trained.IfMother____(know)youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.表過(guò)去Ifyou____(come)yesterday表將來(lái)IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.表將來(lái)IfheshouldgotoQingHua練習(xí)Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfIweretodothiswork,I_____(do)itinmyownway.練習(xí)Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wif的省略當(dāng)從句中有were,hadshould,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒裝形式Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshemoremoney,shewoulddressfashionably.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadshelistenedmorecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.if的省略當(dāng)從句中有were,hadshould,wou2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（從句主句時(shí)間不一致）Ifyouhadtakenthemedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewereleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（從句主句時(shí)間不一致）練習(xí)Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he____(be)scientistnow.練習(xí)Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語(yǔ)氣的從句Ifitwerenotforthatfactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.IfIhadknownthatheasnotathome,Iwouldnothavecalledonhim.一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語(yǔ)氣的從句一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句有時(shí)，虛擬由without，with,under,引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.分詞短語(yǔ)Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodiaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.不定式短語(yǔ)TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforaforeigner.一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherwise.主句（虛擬）+but/butthat+從句（陳述）主句（陳述）+or/otherwise+從句（虛擬）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim,butIreallydon'tknowtheanswer.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshewouldbethinner.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherw練習(xí)ButforJohn,we_____(lose)thematchlastweek.Butforyourhelp,I____(find)theplace.練習(xí)ButforJohn,we_____(lose有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。①省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了該多好啊。有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用1.賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：order,command四個(gè)建議：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五個(gè)要求：urge\demand\require\request\desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用1.賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)練習(xí)MyunclesuggestedthatI____(get)ajobinabank.Theyinsistedthatameeting_____(beheld)assoonaspossbile.練習(xí)MyunclesuggestedthatI__2.以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.2.以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Therehavebeendemandsthattheybegivenmorefreetime.Myideaisthathe(should)do3.主語(yǔ)從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此還有以上虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞的衍生詞都用虛擬。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+動(dòng)詞原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent,preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+動(dòng)詞原形ashameapityItisdesired,suggestedthatwe(should)+動(dòng)詞原形decided,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended3.主語(yǔ)從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此還有以上虛擬練習(xí)itisessentialthatevertchild____（have)thesameeducationalopportunities.It'snecessarythatastudent___(learn)Englishwell.練習(xí)itisessentialthatevertc4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬It's(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).Itisabouttimeyourbabycouldwalk.

4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬5.定語(yǔ)從句的虛擬Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.Amanwhostoppedworkingwouldamounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,hewouldamounttonothing.5.定語(yǔ)從句的虛擬6.wish/ifonly的虛擬wish/ifonly之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。發(fā)生時(shí)間動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去式（be用were)過(guò)去用過(guò)完，或couldhavedone.現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形6.wish/ifonly的虛擬發(fā)生時(shí)間動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去式1）表現(xiàn)在Iwishitwerespringallthey