高英第4課課件

Theme1主題分析的兩個(gè)層面層面1：價(jià)值觀（藝術(shù)、文化遺產(chǎn)）（人物對(duì)比）（cf.劉英）層面2：美國(guó)黑人文化認(rèn)同（象征意義）（cf.趙莉華）2PortrayalofMother

WritingSkills–Language(ExXI)Thenarratorsays,“Ineverhadaneducationmyself.”Whataresomeofthecharacteristicsofheruseoflanguage(suchaschoiceofwords,sentencestructureandgrammar)thatsuitthisbackgroundofhers?Sincesheneverhadaneducationherself,shetendedtousesimplewords,fragmentedsentencesandotherungrammaticalsentences.3PortrayalofMother

WritingSkills–Language(ExXI)Togiveoneexample,sheused“l(fā)ike”tointroduceaclauseinsteadof“as”.para.19:Likewhenyousee…Asifpara.23:Itlookslike…asifpara.65:likeabeehadstungherasifpara.73:likesomebodyusedto…asifpara.75:Justlikewhen…asifpara.11:churchandme(I)para.23:hedon’tknow(doesn’t)para.28:She(was)namedDee.para.42:askhim(whetherhe)washeabarberpara.64:givethem(these)quiltstoMaggiepara.67:I(have)beensaving4AnalysisofCharacters-MotherThemotherisacommonworkingwomanwithoutmucheducation,butnotwithoutintelligenceorperception(insight認(rèn)知能力).5AnalysisofCharacters-DaughtersThetwodaughters(Deevs.Maggie)formasharpcontrastineveryconceivableway:appearance,character,personalexperiences,etc.6AnalysisofCharacters劉英.被子與“遺產(chǎn)”:《日用家當(dāng)》賞析.名作賞析,2000(2).7Paras.66&71:putthemtoeverydayusevs.hangthem8背景黑人文化民族主義運(yùn)動(dòng)Para.20,22,20Blacknationalism(BN)advocatesaracialdefinition(orredefinition)ofindigenousnationalidentity,asopposedtomulticulturalism.9人物對(duì)比（1）性格（2）與家庭的關(guān)系（3）對(duì)“被子”的認(rèn)識(shí)角度、欣賞程度（4）修補(bǔ)被子的能力10（1）性格Dee:聰明、自信追求時(shí)尚自私、固執(zhí)Maggie:自卑軟弱、被動(dòng)善良11Dee-聰明、自信Para.2:“no”isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoher12Dee-追求時(shí)尚Para.12:Atsixteenshehadastyleofherownandknewwhatstylewas.13Dee-自私、固執(zhí)Paras.56-69:heldthequiltssecurelyinherarms,strokingthem(61);movingbackjustenoughsothatIcouldn’treachthequilts.Theyalreadybelongedtoher.(62);clutchingthemcloselytoherbosom(63);Maggiecan’tappreciatethesequilts,backward(66);furiously(68);hatred(69)14Maggie-自卑Para.2:nervousuntilhersistergoesPara.18:makeadashforthehousePara.9:chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle15Maggie-軟弱、被動(dòng)Para.73:shecanhavethem,usedtoneverwinninganything,orhavinganythingreservedforher16（2）與家庭的關(guān)系Dee:羞恥（落后、無(wú)知、貧窮）Maggie:相依為命、難以割舍17Dee-羞恥（落后、無(wú)知、貧窮）Para.10Para.1118Maggie-相依為命、難以割舍19（3）對(duì)“被子”的認(rèn)識(shí)角度Dee:用頭腦判斷事物藝術(shù)的、歷史的、表層的Maggie:用心體會(huì)感情的、個(gè)人的、深入的（文化遺產(chǎn)的精髓）20Dee–膚淺的(1)名字Para.25:notDee,Wangero…Para.27:she’sdead.Icouldn’tbearitanylonger,beingnamedafterthepeoplewhooppressmePara.28:youwasnamedafteryourauntDicie21Dee–膚淺的(2)問(wèn)候Para.21:Wa-su-zo-Tean-o22Dee–膚淺的(3)穿著Para.20:adressdowntotheground,loud,yellowsandoranges,looseandflows23Dee–膚淺的(4)物件用途Para.53:usechurntopasacenterpieceforthealcovetable,thinkofsomethingartistictodowiththedasherPara.68:they’repricelessPara.71:hangthem24Maggie–用心體會(huì)25（4）修補(bǔ)被子的能力Dee:不會(huì)Maggie:繼承并發(fā)揚(yáng)26Maggie–繼承并發(fā)揚(yáng)Para.68:shecanalwaysmakesomemore.Maggieknowshowtoquilt.27AnalysisofTheme主題在文章中的展現(xiàn)：Para.66:putthemtoeverydayusePara.73:Ican’memberGrandmaDeewithoutthequiltsPara.80:yourheritageSubtitle:foryourgrandmama28Theme母親對(duì)Dee的稱呼變化（態(tài)度變化）暗示主題：Paras.1-26:DeeParas27-74:Wangeropara.44:Wangero(Dee)paras.51,55,62,67,69:Dee(Wangero)Para.75:MissWangeroPara.76:Dee試圖接受猶豫迷惘拒絕接受29Theme趙莉華.逃避傷痛文化，尋根非洲文化：從艾利斯·沃克的《外婆的日用家當(dāng)》看美國(guó)黑人文化認(rèn)同.西華師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版）.2005(4).30Theme–黑人文化認(rèn)同艾利斯·沃克運(yùn)用象征手法通過(guò)對(duì)母親與兩個(gè)女兒的關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變即母親的頓悟描述試圖指出當(dāng)時(shí)黑人文化認(rèn)同中的兩個(gè)誤區(qū):（1）怯懦逃避傷痛文化（2）盲目尋根非洲文化31時(shí)代背景60年代后期、70年代早期（1962-1973）3個(gè)線索：（1）JohnnyCarson(1962-1992)(60s)（2）手工縫制的拼布被子作為藝術(shù)品及珍藏品在美國(guó)流行始于1966年（3）寫(xiě)作時(shí)間（1973）黑人權(quán)力運(yùn)動(dòng)（BlackPowerMovement）32黑人權(quán)力運(yùn)動(dòng)（1）過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)黑人意識(shí)、黑人權(quán)力、黑人非洲文化花哨、淺薄的非洲文化尋根（2）排斥黑人的美國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)方面的無(wú)知與排斥33BlackPowerMovement“BlackPower”isapoliticalsloganwhichexpressesarangeofpoliticalgoals,fromdefenseagainstracialoppression,totheestablishmentofseparatesocialinstitutionsandaself-sufficienteconomy(separatism).Theearliestknownusageofthetermisfoundina1954bookbyRichardWrighttitledBlackPower.(“黑人權(quán)力”術(shù)語(yǔ)最初見(jiàn)于理查德·賴特在1954年出版的研究非洲政治的著作《黑人權(quán)力》)34BlackPowerMovementBlackPowerMovementisatermusedamongBlackpeopleintheUSAinthemid-1960s.Themovementwasprominentinthelate1960sandearly1970s.35BlackPowerMovementItemphasizedracialprideandthecreationofblackpoliticalandculturalinstitutions(制度)tonurture(培育)andpromoteblackcollectiveinterestsandadvanceblackvalues.Themovementaimedatamoremilitant(好戰(zhàn)的)approachtowardssecuringcivilrights,andstressedtheneedforactionbyBlackpeoplealone,ratherthaninalliancewithWhiteliberals(自由主義者).36BlackPowerMovementManyBlackAmericansfeltthatthecivilrightsmovementhaddonelittletoaltertheirlives,andundersuchleadersasStokeleyCarmichael(斯托克利·卡米歇爾)theyproposedthatBlackAmericansshouldconcentrateintheirowncommunitiestoestablishtheirownpoliticalandeconomicpower(“黑人權(quán)力”的核心思想是黑人必須掌控自己的事務(wù)，不再重視種族合作原則。它主張重新分配政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)力，強(qiáng)調(diào)黑人意識(shí)、種族團(tuán)結(jié)、黑人社區(qū)的力量、黑人文化、歷史和制度的價(jià)值和意義，把黑人問(wèn)題的根源歸結(jié)為美國(guó)的社會(huì)制度。)37BlackPowerMovementIn1966aStudentNon-ViolentCoordinatingCommittee(SNCC)(學(xué)生非暴力協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì))wasformedbyCarmichaeltoactivateBlackcollegestudents,andatthesametimetheBlackMuslimMovementwasadvocatingIslamastheBlacksalvation.Others,liketheBlackPanthers(黑豹黨運(yùn)動(dòng)),emphasizedviolenceandmilitancy(戰(zhàn)斗性),butallwereconcernedtostressthevalueofBlackcultureandheritage.38BlackPowerMovementTheriots(暴亂，暴動(dòng))inthecitiesinthemiddleandlate1960sseemedtoherald(預(yù)告)newwavesofBlackmilitancy,buttheintensityoftheBlackPowerMovementtendedtodeclineintheearly1970s,whenmanyBlackpeoplebegancooperatingwithWhiteorganizationsagainsttheVietnamWar.39主題–認(rèn)同危機(jī)在白人文化占主導(dǎo)地位的社會(huì)中,黑人傳統(tǒng)文化的認(rèn)同問(wèn)題identificationcrisis(1)摒棄美國(guó)文化–負(fù)面、傷痛

（無(wú)知、冷漠、排斥）(2)認(rèn)同非洲文化–正面、根

（花哨、淺薄、膚淺）40人物的象征意義母親約翰遜夫人--普通美國(guó)黑人大女兒迪伊--美國(guó)60年代民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)中出現(xiàn)的黑人權(quán)力運(yùn)動(dòng)麥琪--被遺忘了的充滿苦難和傷痕的美國(guó)黑人文化41人物的象征意義母親強(qiáng)壯、能干、勤勞、沒(méi)有受過(guò)多少教育、貧窮、缺乏自信（尤其是在白人面前）,代表普通美國(guó)黑人迪伊的個(gè)人特征、服飾風(fēng)格和言辭用語(yǔ)則顯示她是黑人權(quán)力運(yùn)動(dòng)的象征麥琪柔弱、自卑、丑陋、笨拙,胳臂大腿上還有燒傷的疤痕,象征疤痕累累的美國(guó)黑人的傷痛文化42母親的文化認(rèn)同正面文化遺產(chǎn)（愛(ài)、親情、創(chuàng)造力、能力）-能夠理解、認(rèn)同負(fù)面文化遺產(chǎn)（傷痛文化）（黑奴制、種族隔離制、種族歧視）-無(wú)助、無(wú)法面對(duì)、無(wú)力駕馭、逃避43對(duì)負(fù)面文化遺產(chǎn)的態(tài)度變化過(guò)程（1）母親看到了麥琪的苦痛,表明她了解傷痛文化;卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有試圖撫慰、鼓勵(lì)麥琪,甚至為她隱隱自卑,象征她無(wú)法撫平傷痛、無(wú)法面對(duì)傷痛、無(wú)法正確處理與小女兒的關(guān)系。她無(wú)法無(wú)視她的存在,卻又無(wú)法正面面對(duì)接受她、無(wú)力協(xié)調(diào)與她的關(guān)系。這對(duì)可憐的母女陷入了無(wú)法分離又無(wú)法靠攏的困境母親無(wú)力走出困境,惟有等待迪伊。傷痛面前的無(wú)言和無(wú)助,苦難太過(guò)悲慘,無(wú)法安撫、無(wú)力面對(duì)44對(duì)負(fù)面文化遺產(chǎn)的態(tài)度變化過(guò)程（2）母親在文化認(rèn)同的困境中,試圖接受（不太理解、努力配合）漂亮、能干、堅(jiān)定的迪伊但她的自私和浮華無(wú)法真正得到母親的認(rèn)同在文化認(rèn)同的困境中,試圖接受黑人權(quán)力運(yùn)動(dòng)所提供的解決辦法,但最終不能認(rèn)同黑人權(quán)力運(yùn)動(dòng)的膚淺及追求非洲文化的盲目45對(duì)負(fù)面文化遺產(chǎn)的態(tài)度變化過(guò)程（3）母親看到了麥琪在苦痛中頑強(qiáng)求生的力量,看到了傷痛文化的力量母親終于敢正視麥琪（傷痛文化）,也重新認(rèn)識(shí)傷痛文化,第一次認(rèn)同了麥琪,擁抱了麥琪終于協(xié)調(diào)了與傷痛文化的關(guān)系,走出了她在文化認(rèn)同上的困境勇敢面對(duì)傷痛文化,化悲痛為力量,同時(shí)不盲目尋根非洲文化46象征意義Symbols:TwooldquiltsFireHouseMotherDeeMaggie趙藝紅.《日用家當(dāng)》的多維象征意義探析.東疆學(xué)刊.2009(1).47Symbol–TwoOldQuiltsTheoldquilts(para.55),madefrompiecesofclotheswornbygrand-andgreat-grand-parentsandstitchedbyGrandma’shand,areclearlyasymboloftheculturalheritageoftheblackpeople(黑人的文化遺產(chǎn)/傳統(tǒng))(para.80).48Symbol–TwoOldQuiltsThedifferentfeelingsofDeeandMaggieaboutthequiltsrevealtheirdifferentattitudestowardstheirheritageasblack.Dee–hangthem(para.71)appreciateherheritagesuperficiallyMaggie–putthemonbed(putthemintoeverydayuse)(para.68)reallyinheritherheritageThestorytoldtwodifferentideasofthes