2012年全國高考英語試題及答案-山東卷

絕密★啟用并使用完畢前2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（山東卷）英語本試卷分第I卷和第II卷兩部分，共12頁，滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項:1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號、考生號、縣區(qū)和科類填寫在答題卡和試卷規(guī)定的位置上。2.第I卷每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆在答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需要改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。3.第II卷必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)的位置，不能寫在試卷上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案然后再寫上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、臍帶紙、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。第I卷（共105分）第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.5B.￡9.15C.￡9.18答案是B。1.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabookstore.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inalibrary.2.Atwhattimewillthefilmbegin?A.7:20B.7:15C.7:003.whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingaobut?A.TheirfriendJaneB.Aweekendtrip.C.Aradioprogramme.4.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Catchatrain.B.SeethemanoffGoshopping.5.whydidthewomanapologize?A.ShemadealatedeliveryB.ShewenttothewrongplaceC.Shecouldn’ttakethecakeback第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。聽下面一段材料，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.WhoseCDisbroken?A.Kathy’sB.Mum’sC.Jack’s7.Whatdoestheboypromisetodoforthegirl?A.BuyheranewCD.B.Dosomecleaning.C.Givehere10dollars.聽一面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。8.Whatdidthemanthinkofthemeal?A.Justso-so.B.QuitesatisfactoryC.Abitdisappointing.C.Theservice.9.whatwasthe15%onthebillpaidfor?A.Thefood.B.Thedrinks聽一面一段對話，回答第10和第12三個小題。10.Whyisthemanattheshop?A.ToorderacameraforhiswifeC.TogetacamerachangedB.Tohaveacamerarepaired11.Whatcolourdoesthemanwant?A.Pink.B.Black.C.Orange.12.Whatwillthemandoafterwards?A..MakeaphonecallB.WaituntilfurthernoticeC.Comeagainthenextday.聽一面一段對話，回答第13和第16兩個小題。13.WhatwouldJoeprobablydoduringtheThanksgivingholiday?A.Gotoaplay.B.Stayathome.C.VisitKingston.14.WhatisArielgoingtodoinToronto?A.Attendaparty.B.Meetheraunt.C.Seeacarshow.15.WhyisArielinahurrytoleave?A.TocallupBettyB.TobuysomeDVDs.C.TopickupDaniel16.Whatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.FellowworkersC.Guideandtourist聽一面一段對話，回答第17至第20四個小題。17.WheredoesThomasManningWork?A.IntheGuinnessCompanyB.Ataradiostation.C.Inamuseum.18.Wheredidtheideaofabookofrecordscomefrom?A.abird-shootingtripB.AvisittoEuropeC.Atelevisiontalkshow.19.WhendidSirHugh’sfirstbookofrecordsappear?A.In1875B.In1950C.In195520.Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtotalkaboutnext?A.MorerecordsofunusualfactsC.Theoldestpersonintheworld.B.Thefounderofthecompany第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié),滿分35分）第一節(jié)語法和詞匯知識運用（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。21.Whenyouaredonewiththebook,justgiveittoLucyorHelenor__________.A.whoeverB.whereverC.whateverD.however22.—SorryI’mlate.Igotstuckintraffic.—_________.You’reherenow.Comeinandsitdown.A.YouarewelcomeB.That’srightC.IhavenoideaD.Nevermind23.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what24.Myfirst_______ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.A.expressionB.attentionC.satisfactionD.impression25.Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told27.Hesmiledpolitely______Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.A.asB.ifC.unlessD.though28.AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he_______workingonhisproject.A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.starts29.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填；a30.Ifwe_______adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade31.—Idon’tknowaboutyou,butI’msickandtiredofthisweather.—_________.Ican’tstandallthisrain.A.Idon’tcareB.It’shardtosayC.SoamIIhopenot32.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen_______therewasnothingayearagobutruins.A.whenB.whereC.beforeD.until33.Be_______—youcan’texpectmetofinishallthisworkinsolittletime.A.reasonableB.confidentC.creativeD.grateful34.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers______.A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope________.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡將該項涂黑。Wheneverwehearabout“thehomeless,”,mostofusthinkoftheDevelopingworld.Butthe36isthathomelessnessiseverywhere.Forexample,howmanyofuswouldexpecttoseepeoplelivingonthestreetsofa37countrylikeGermany?KurtMullerandhiswifeRitahavespentelevenyearsmaking38forthehomelessofBerlin,Germany’scapital.Theyfirst39onelonghotsummerwhenmostGermanswere40onholiday.Kurtandhiswifestayedathome,madesandwiches,41atableinthestreetandgavefoodtothehomeless.TheMullerssoonrealizedthatfoodandclothingweren’t42.“Whatthesepeoplealsoneediswarmthand43,”saysRita.TheMullersdidn’t44togivetheirphonenumbertothestreetpeopleandtoldthemtophoneanytime.Rita45therewassomebodyathometoanswerthephoneandtheirhomewasalways46toanyonewhocouldn’tfaceanothernightonthestreet.Thecoupleweresoon47alltheirtimeandmoney,soKurtvisitedfoodandclothingcompaniesto48donations.Today,overthirtycompanies49donatefoodandothergoodstothecauseandvolunteershelpto50themtothehomeless.Thepublicalsogiveclothesandmoneyandashoeproducer51newshoes.KurtandRitareceiveno52fortheirhardwork.“Wefeellikeparents,”saysRita,“andparentsshouldn’t53moneyforhelpingtheirchildren.Thelovewegetonthestreetsisoursalary.”ThoughRitaadmitssheoftengets54.Shesaysshewillcontinuewithherworkbecauseshelikesthefeelingofhavingmadea55intheworld.5.A.resultB.truthB.developingC.typicalB.housesC.mealsB.metC.calledD.leftB.aloneD.awayB.setupC.reasonD.ideaD.wealthyD.suggestionsA.traditionalA.preparationsA.beganA.asleepC.acrossC.putasideC.helpfulC.courageC.pretendA.broughtupA.enoughA.fameD.gaveawayD.expensiveB.necessaryB.freedomB.agreeD.caringD.intendA.hesitateA.makesenseB.foundoutC.makesureD.workedout5.A.openB.crowdedB.wastingB.askforB.calmlyB.sellC.noisyC.takingD.nearD.spendingD.carryoutD.roughlyD.lendA.costingA.payforA.completelyA.advertiseA.donatesA.permissionA.borrowA.surprisedA.profitC.lookintoC.regularlyC.deliverC.designsB.producesD.collectsD.supportD.expectD.amusedD.ruleB.paymentB.raiseC.saveB.excitedC.tiredB.differenceC.decisionC.direction第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedtheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thewhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.Nauru’srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸鹽)ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Stripminingtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.56.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToseekhelpforNauru’sproblems.B.TogiveawarningtoothercountriesC.ToshowtheimportanceofmoneyD.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.57.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.RichandpowerfulB.ModernandopenC.PeacefulandattractiveD.Greedyandaggressive58.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom_______.A.soilpollutionB.phosphateoverminingD.whalehuntingC.farmingactivity59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru’sfinancialproblem?A.ItsleadersmisusedthemoneyB.ItspenttoomuchrepairingtheislandC.ItsphosphateminingcostmuchmoneyD.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.60.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts’wordsseriously.C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruansD.ThephosphateminesweredestroyedBOneofthegreatestcontributionstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask.SoMurraryhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericanSurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,””50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenextyears,hebecameoneofthestaff’smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897，MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyinsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.61.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary_________.A.cameoutbeforeminordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary62.HowdidDr.Minorcontributedtothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.C.HeprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotationsD.hewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.63.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.HewasshutinanasylumC.HewasbusywritingabookB.HelivedfarfromOxfordD.Hedislikedtraveling64.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause__________.A.theybothservedintheCivilWar.B.TheyhadacommoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor65.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDr.Minor?A.BraveanddeterminedB.CautiousandfriendlyD.UnusualandscholarlyC.Considerateandoptimistic66.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinorC.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionaryD.BroadmoorAsylumandispatientsCSanFranciscohasitscablecars.SeattlehasitsSpaceNeedle.And,Longviewhasitssquirrelbridge.Thebridge,whichhasattractedinternationalattention,isnowalocallandmark.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltin1963byalocalbuilder,AmosPeters,togivesquirrelsawaytocrossthebusyroadwithoutgettingflattenedbypassingcars.TheoriginalbridgewasbuiltoverOlympiaWayonthewestedgeofthelibrarygrounds.Beforethebridgewasbuilt,squirrelshadtoavoidtraffictoandfromtheParkPlazaofficebuildingwhereofficestaffputoutanuttyfeastforthesquirrels.Manytimes,PetersandotherswhoworkedinandnearParkPlazawitnessedsquirrelsbeingrunover.OnedayPetersfoundadeadsquirrelwithanutstillinitsmouth,andthatday’scoffeebreakdiscussionturnedintosquirrelsafety.ThegroupofbusinessmencookedupthesquirrelbridgeideaandformedacommitteetoasktheblessingoftheCityCouncil(市政會).TheCouncilapproved,andCouncilwomanBessLaRivierenamedthebridge“NuttyNarrows.”Afterarchitectsdesignedthebridge,AmosPetersandBillHutchstartedConstruction,Theybuiltthe60-footbridgefromaluminumandlengthsoffirehose(消防水帶).Itcost1,000.Itdidn’ttakelongbeforereportsofsquirrelsusingthebridgestarted.Squirrelswereevenseenguidingtheiryoungandteachingthemtheropes.Thestorywaspickedupbythemedia,andNuttyNarrowsbecameknowinnewspapersallovertheworld.In1983,after20yearsofuse,Peterstookdowntheworn-outbridge.Repairsweremadeandcrosspieceswerereplaced.ThefadedsignwasrepaintedandinJuly1983,hundredsofanimalloversattendedthecompletionceremonyofthenewbridge.Petersdiedin1984,andaten-footwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgeinmemoryofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.67.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltinorderto________.A.offersquirrelsaplacetoeatnutsB.setupalocallandmarkC.helpimprovetrafficD.protectsquirrels68.Whathappenedoverthecoffeebreakdiscussion?A.ThecommitteegottheCouncil’sblessing.B.ThesquirrelbridgeideawasbornC.AcouncilwomannamedthebridgeD.Asquirrelwasfounddead.69.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“teachingthemtheropes”probablymeansinthetext?A.passingthemaropeB.DirectingthemtostorefoodforwinterD.Showingthemhowtousethebridge.C.Teachingthemalesson70.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesquirrelbridge?A.Itwasreplacedbyalongerone.C.itwasrebuiltafteryearsofuseB.ItwasbuiltfromwoodandmetalD.ItwasdesignedbyBillHutch.71.WhatcanwelearnaboutAmosPeters?A.Heisrememberedforhisloveofanimals.B.Hedonated$1,000tobuildthebridgeC.HewasamemberoftheCityCouncilD.Hewasawardedamedalforbuildingthebridge.DForthosewhoaretireddoingthelaundry,Samsunghasfoundananswer:awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp(application).Strangethoughitmayseem—“mywifealreadydoesthat”wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)thisweek—Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemakersracingtoinstall(安裝)alargenumberofinternet-connectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem“smart”.Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it’sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownersisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit’snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrate(電價)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.72.WhatcanbeinferredfromthecommonresponseoftheattendeesattheCES?A.Themachinewillbeabigsuccess.B.theirwiveslikedoingthelaundry.C.Themachineisunrelatedtotheirlife.D.Thiskindoftechnologyisfamiliartothem.73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A.TheycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashingB.TheycanbecontrolledwithasmartphoneC.TheyaredifficulttooperateD.Theyaresoldatalowprice74.WecanconcludeformSamsung’sstatementsthat___________.A.theappconnectionmakeslifeeasierB.itisbettertodryclothesinthemorningC.smartphonecanshortenthedryingtimeD.weshouldrefreshclothesbackathome75.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.ThelaundryshouldbefrequentlycheckedB.LazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachinesC.GoodtechnologiesalsocauseproblemsD.Televisionmayhelpdothelaundry.第II卷（共45分）第四部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（共5小題，每小題3分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到答案卡相應(yīng)的位置上（請注意76至79四個小題后面的詞數(shù)要求）。[1]AshleyPower’smotherboughtacomputerforherwhenshewaseight.Whenshewasthirteen,shewassurfingtheInternetregularly,butshecouldn’tfindanywhereforteenagerstomeetandtalk.Andonedayshethought,“IfIhadmyownwebsite,I’dmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers.”[2]So,whenAshleywassixteen,shelaunchedherownwebsite,calledGoosehead.Shehadnoideahowbigasuccessitwouldbe,butthreeyearslater,thesitewasthemostsuccessfulteensiteintheUSA!Itwasgetting100,000hitseveryday,andAshleyhadabout30employees.[3]Af