基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞

基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話(huà)：傳真:郵編:語(yǔ)法

數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量多少的詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示數(shù)目順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞。

基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成1-20表達(dá)英語(yǔ)中有相對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞，兩位數(shù)的表達(dá)方法為整數(shù)加個(gè)位數(shù)組成，如twenty-one;三位數(shù)如onehundredandtwenty-one,百位和十位之間加and，后面兩位數(shù)要加連字符，四位以上只有在百位和十位之間加and，如1134onethousand,onehundredandthirty-four。英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有萬(wàn)，千萬(wàn)，億等單位，如果需要表示萬(wàn)的話(huà)用thousand計(jì)算,例如1,4283fourteenthousandtwohundredandeighty-three；如果需要表示千萬(wàn)和億的話(huà)用million計(jì)算，如2,1824,5200twohundredandeighteenmilliontwohundredandforty-fivethousandandtwohundred。2）用作基數(shù)詞單位的hundred,thousand,million,billion不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，但若用于表示數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)這樣的泛指，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Abouttwothousandpeoplediedintheearthquake.大約有兩千人在地震中喪生。Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideeveryyear.每年成千上萬(wàn)的人到海濱去。Two_________(hundred)ofstudentstookpartinthesportsmeetinglastweek.解析：正確答案為hundred.前面出現(xiàn)具體數(shù)字，后面只能用hundred，但是后面出現(xiàn)了of,很多學(xué)生會(huì)誤寫(xiě)成hundreds,但是這邊的of表示的范圍，這句話(huà)的意思是：上周學(xué)生中的兩百個(gè)人參加了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。3）表示整十的基數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示人的大約歲數(shù)或年代。如：Heisinhisearlytwenties.他才二十出頭。Thistookplaceinthe1930s.這事發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)30年代。數(shù)詞和名詞，形容詞連用時(shí)有連字符和沒(méi)有連字符在句中的位置是有區(qū)別的，例如five-year-old和fiveyearsold.有連字符的在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞；無(wú)連字符的在句中做表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞后面。Thefive-year-oldboycandresshimself.那個(gè)5歲的孩子自己能穿衣服了。Mysonisafive-year-oldboy.我的兒子是一個(gè)五歲的男孩。基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞1）許多序數(shù)詞是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后加詞尾-th構(gòu)成的，如four/fourth，sixteen/sixteenth；twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth等表示整十的序數(shù)詞，由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞將詞尾y改為ie，再加-th構(gòu)成。幾個(gè)常考的不規(guī)則變化序數(shù)詞需注意：ninth，twelfth，fortieth，ninetieth等。2）非整十的多位數(shù)，將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，threehundredandsixty-fifth(第365)等。3）序數(shù)詞前通常要用定冠詞，但當(dāng)序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，通常省略其前的定冠詞。如：Todayismyfather’sfortiethbirthday.4）序數(shù)詞前一般要用定冠詞the，如果序數(shù)詞前用a或an時(shí)，則表示“又一；再一”（沒(méi)有具體范圍的限制）。如：

Though

he

had

failed

twice,

he

wanted

to

try

a

third

time.

盡管他已失敗了兩次，他還想再試一次。數(shù)詞的用法時(shí)刻的表示：小時(shí)，分鐘，秒鐘都用基數(shù)詞表示，例如：fiveo'clock,seventhirty,twotoeight等。年，月，日的表示：“日月年或月日年”。如，2009年5月1日在英語(yǔ)中可寫(xiě)為“May1st，2009”或“1stMay，2009”。年份用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。例如：五月八號(hào)寫(xiě)作Maytheeighth表示在幾世紀(jì)這個(gè)概念時(shí)，用序數(shù)詞。例如：在21世紀(jì)寫(xiě)作inthetwenty-firstcentury.3）

分?jǐn)?shù)

（1）分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。如：

one

fifth五分之一

one

tenth十分之一

（2）當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：

two

thirds三分之二

five

eighths八分之五

（3）當(dāng)分子是1時(shí)，可以用one也可以用a。如：

a

second

=

one

second

a

third

=

one

third

（4）當(dāng)分母是2和4時(shí)，分別可以用half和quarter代替。如：

a

half二分之一

three

quarters四分之三

4）百分?jǐn)?shù)

百分?jǐn)?shù)用percent表示。如：

forty

percent百分之四十

three

percent百分之三5）編號(hào)的表示：基數(shù)詞放到名詞的后面，前面的名詞要大寫(xiě)；序數(shù)詞放在名詞的前面，要加定冠詞。例如：Lesson1，thefirstlesson.6）與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法順讀法（鐘點(diǎn)十分鐘）如，4：30fourthirty4：15fourfifteen倒讀法（分鐘+to/past+鐘點(diǎn)）如，4:30halfpastfour4:15fifteenpastfour/aquarterpastfour

7）.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)與主謂一致分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的考查往往和主謂一致相聯(lián)系。當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Eighty

percent

of

the

students

in

our

school

come

from

Henan.我們學(xué)校百分之八十的學(xué)生來(lái)自河南。Three

fourths

of

the

students

in

my

class

are

interested

in

English.我們班四分之三的學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。Two

thirds

of

the

water

on

the

earth

is

sea

water.地球上三分之二的水是海水。

鞏固練習(xí)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出下列數(shù)字300____________________ 500____________________785____________________ 1000____________________5,129____________________ 16,431____________________100,000____________________ 1,000,000____________________654,962__________________________________________3,523,976________________________________________單項(xiàng)選擇1.I’dlike______bowlsofnoodles.Oneisformyselfandtheothertwoareformyparents. A.one, B.two C.three D.four2____________,youcanworkouttheMathsproblemeasily. A.Inthisway B.Ontheway C.Intheway D.Onthisway3.Igotabeautifulbikeon________birthday.Ilikeitverymuch. A.fifteenth B,fifteen C,myfifteen D.myfifteenth4.What’sonthedeskThere____________somebooks. A.be B.are C.is D.am,MayIspeaktoDavid,pleaseyes,_______. A.IamDavid B.David,please C.mynameisDavid D,thisisDavidspeaking6.Gina’sbirthdayis__________thefirstofJune. A.in B.on C.at D.for7.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage(頁(yè))_____andlookatthe_______picture. A.Fifth;five BFive;fifth CFifth;fifth; DFive;five8:Thereare_________studentsinourschool. A.onethousand,ninehundredandforty-five B.onethousand,ninehundredandfourtyfive C.onethousandandninehundred,forty–five D.onethousandandninehundredandforty-five9.Elevenplusoneis________. A.twelfth Btwelve C.thirteen D.ten10.Yesterdaymyteachergaveme_________onhowtolearnEnglish. A,someadvices B.manyadvices C.anadvice D.someadvice綜合練習(xí)一．單項(xiàng)選擇題theseven-dayMayDayholiday,_____familieswentsightseeing.A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandsandthousands D.thousandsof2.I’veread______sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.A.two B.pieces C.twopieces D.twopiecesof3.DuringWorldWarII,aJewish(猶太的)ladywasprotectedbyalocalfamilyinShanghaiinher_____.A.fifties B.fifty C.fiftieth D.thefiftieth4.Itissaidthat______ofthestudentsliketohelptheirparentswiththehousework.A.three-fifths B.third-fifths C.thirds-fifth D.three-fifth5.Wecansee_____________starsintheskyatnight.A.athousandof B.thousandsC.thousandof D.thousandsof6. Itisreportedthatabout______ofthecustomerswanttobuyproductsmadeinChina.A.two-threes B.two-thirds C.second-three D.two-third7.Nowclass,pleaseopenyourbooksandturnto_____.A.32pages B.page32 C.32ndpage D.pages328.A:HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingfortheOlympicGamesin2008B:It’shardtopeople,Ithink.A.Millionof B.Millionsof C.Twomillionsof D.Twomillionof

9.A_______boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell.A.ten-year-old

B.tenyearsold

C.ten-years-old

D.fifthyearsold10.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis_________.

A.inhissixty

B.inhissixties

C.insixties

D.inthesixty11.Thisclassroomis________ours.

A.threetimesbigas

B.asthreetimesbigas

C.threetimesasbigas

D.asbigthreetimesas12.Ourschoolisnotverybig.Thereareonly________students.A.ninehundredsof

B.ninehundred

C.ninehundreds

D.ninehundredof13.Ittookme________tofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandhalfhours

B.oneandahalfhours

C.oneandahalfhour

D.oneandhalfhour’tworry.Shecanlookafteryourpet_____A.carefulenough B.enoughcareful C.carefullyenough D.enoughcarefullyyoutellushowtoreadthenumber18,306,211million,threehundredandsixthousands,twohundredelevenmillion,threehundredandsixthousand,twohundredandelevenmillions,threehundredsixthousands,twohundredsandeleventhousand,threehundredandsix,twohundredelevenwasbornin______。 ’s 1660s 1660’ssaidtheyweregoingtohave_____holiday。two-weeks’ two-weekweeks’ weeks______ofthearticlesoneducationhavebeenpublished。thirds thirdthreethirdfatherlefthomeatabout__。thirty sixtosix pastthirtyallthinkthatthe______centurywillbringusmorehopes。 21.——What’syourroomnumber——It’s______。601Room RoomRoom601 601thestudentsusuallysurfontheInternetandgetinformation。percentsof percentpercentof percents_______newbooksweresoldoutlastweek。thousand of isright,June25 June,200925,2009 25st,2009ismy________birthday。 sixteenth sixteenhavestayedatthisschoolfor_______。Whichfollowingchoiceiswrongandahalfyears yearsandahalfyearsandhalfayear D.bothAandB二、語(yǔ)法填空。（每小題1分，共10分）Televisionhasnowcometoeveryfamily.Ithasbecomeaveryimportantpartinpeople’slife.School__1_intheUnitedStateswatchTVabouttwenty-fivehoursaweek.Someparentsfeelthattelevisionisgood__2_theirchildrenbecauseithelpsthem_3_abouttheircountryandknowwhatishappeningintheworldquickly._4_thehelpofsomeprogrammesofeducation,childrendo__5_inschool.OtherparentsdonotlettheirchildrenwatchTVtoooften.TheysaytheTVprogrammessometimesarenotgoodandchildrencanlearnbadthingsfrom_6__.Manhasinvented_7__things.Thetelevisionisoneofthem.Ifitis__8__planned,_9_TVcanbegoodforchildren.Ofcoursechildren_10_spendtoomuchtimeonit.Doyouagree1.A.child B.childs C.children D.childes2.A.for B.at C.in D.on3.A.learning B.learns C.learned D.learn4.A.With B.In C.Under D.For5.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse6.A.them B.their C.themselves D.they7.A.much B.many C.alittle D.few8.A.care B.careful C.carefully D.careless9.A.watches B.watchs C.watched D.watching10.A.can’t B.can C.may D.maynot三、完形填空。（每小題1分，共10分）Therearemanywaysforustoreduce(減少)waste.For1,wecanreducepaperandplasticbags.Wecanalsorecyclenewspapers,glass,andcans(易拉罐)tomakenewthings.Herearesomeusefulwaysto2waste.Writeon3sidesofpaperManypeoplewriteononlyonesideoftheirpaper.WhynotstopwastingtheothersideSomestudentsonlyusehalfthepagesoftheir4beforegettingnewones.Trytouseupallthepaper.Peopleoftengivecardsonbirthdaysorfestivals.Howabouttryingto5e-cardsinsteadDon'tthrowawayyouroldbatteries.Maybeyoudonotknowthatoldbatteriesmaketheearth6.Thisisbecausetheyhavepoisonouspartsinthem.So,don'tthrowawaybatteries.7themtogether.Trytouserechargeable(充電的)batteriesforyourgamesandCDplayers.GiveoffallyourunwantedclothesTherearemanypoorfamiliesinChina.Youmayaskyourmotherto8yourunwantedclothes.Thenyoucanpassthemontothosepoorchildren.Youwillfeel9thatyouarehelpingsomeoneelse.Also,youcanask10yourfriendsorrelatives(親戚)wantthembeforethrowingthemaway.1.A.reason B.example C.use D.people2.A.produce B.protect C.reduce D.pollute3.A.every B.both C.all D.one4.A.exercises B.schoolbags C.notebooks D.papers5.A.send B.buy C.receive D.waste6.A.dry B.rich C.clean D.dirty7.A.Throw B.Keep C.Try D.Lose8.A.like B.sell C.throw D.collect9.A.angry B.tired C.moved D.happy10.A.that B.if C.though D.What四、閱讀理解。AAnimportantquestionabouteatingoutiswhopaysforthemeal.Ifafriendofyoursasksyoutohavelunchwithhim,youmaysaysomethinglikethis,“I’mafraidit’llhavetobesomeplacecheap,asIhavelittlemoney.”Theotherpersonmaysay,“Ok,I’llmeetyouatMcDonald’s.”ThismeansthatthetwoagreetogoDutch,thatis,eachpersonpaysforhimself.Hemayalsosay,“Oh,no,IwanttotakeyoutolunchatSmith’s,”or“IwantyoutotrytheChinesedumplingsthere.Theyaregreat.”Thismeansthepersonwantstopayforbothofyou.Ifyoufeelfriendlytowardstheperson,youcangowithhimandyouneedn’tpayforthemeal.Youmayjustsay,“Thankyou.Thatwouldbeverynice.”Americancustomaboutwhopaysfordates(約會(huì))aremuchthesameasinotherpartsoftheworld.Intheolddays,Americanwomenwantedmentopayforallthemeals.But,today,auniversitygirlorawomaninbusinessworldwillusuallypayherwayduringtheday.Ifamanasksherforadanceoutsidetheworkinghours,itmeans“Come,asmyguest.”Soasyoucansee,itisapolitethingtomakethequestionclearattheverybeginning.()1.Thepassagetellsus_______.A.howtoeatout B.wheretoeatoutC.whattoeatout D.whopaysforthemeal()2.Ifyouhavelittlemoney,_______.A.you’llhaveacheapmealB.you’llborrowsomefromothersC.you’llaskyourfriendtopayforyourmealD.youwillnotwantyourfriendstoaskyoutodinner()3.“GoDutch”inthispassagemeans________.A.去飯館B.就餐C.訂餐D.各自付款()4.Sometimesyourfriendtakesyoutolunch.Itmeans_______.A.he’sgoingtolendyoumoneytoyouB.he’sgoingtopayforyourmealC.he’llbeangrywithyouD.hecan’tunderstandyou()5.InAmerica,somegirlsandwomen_______now.A.askmentopayfortheirmealsB.trytopayforthemen’smealsC.trytopayfortheirownmealsD.neverhaveanythingoutsideBWithmoreandmorecarsontheroad,thetrafficjam(交通堵塞)willhappen.Howdoweseethisphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)andhowcanwesolvetheproblemWeknowthatthetrafficjamhappeninmanyplaces,especiallyinbigcities.WhatarethereasonsfortheproblemOnonehand,somepeoplethinkthattheyshouldhaveacarwhentheyhaveenoughmoney,andthenit’seasytogooutandtheycanfeelcomfortable.Ontheotherhand,agrowingnumberofpeoplehopetousetheircarstoshowoff(炫耀).What’smore(更重要的是),yearsofresearch(研究)hasshownthatoneofotherreasonsforthetrafficjamisthedrivinghabit.Forexample,manyyoungpeopleenjoydrivingveryfast,sotheycanfeelexcited.Atlast,mostofthemhardlycareaboutthespeedrules.Atthesametime,manygovernmentsareworkingathowtomakethetrafficbetter.Inmyopinion,firstly,thegovernmentsshouldeducatethosepeoplewhohavecarsorplantobuycars.Thegovernmentsmustmakethemknowthatthetrafficjamisveryserious,andsetupamuchmoreperfecttrafficsystemtosolvethetrafficpressure.1.Moreandmorecarscanmake_______.A.peoplenotuseotherwaysoftransportationatallB.thetrafficjammoreseriousC.youngpeoplehaveabaddrivinghabitD.fewerspeedrules2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforthetrafficjamA.MoreandmorepeoplebuycarsB.PeoplehavetoomuchmoneyC.SomepeoplewanttoshowoffD.Somepeopledon’thavegooddrivinghabits3.Inthewriter’sopinion,whichofthefollowingaboutthegovernmentsisNOTrightA.Theyshouldeducatethepeoplewhowanttobuycars.B.Theyshouldsetupamuchmoreperfecttrafficsystem.C.Theyshouldn’tallowpeopletousecarstogotowork.D.Theyshouldmakepeopleknowtheproblemofthetrafficjam.4.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.thosepeoplewhohavecarsorplantobuycarsB.thegovernmentsthemselvesC.theyoungpeoplewhodrivefastD.thosepeoplewhohavenocars5.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_____.A.differenttrafficproblemsB.reasonswhypeoplewanttobuycarsC.thetrafficjaminsomebigcitiesD.thetrafficjam,reasonsforitandsolutionsC根據(jù)以上信息填空，完成下列句子。1.Ifyoubuyapencilthisweek,youcansave_______thanyouwillbuyonenextweek.2.Ifatextbookwassoldatdollarslastweek,anditis____________now.3.Johnpaid_________for300sheetsofletterpaperlastweek.4.Ittookyou__________tobuytwoT-shirtslastweek.Ifyoubuythemto