牛津上海版英語四年級上語法全

牛津上海版英語四年級上語法全)牛津上海版英語四年級上語法全)牛津上海版英語四年級上語法全)xxx公司牛津上海版英語四年級上語法全)文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度英語筆記（四、五年級）目錄音標(biāo)……………………(P1-6)反義詞…………………(P7)人稱代詞………………(P8)動名詞…………………(P9)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化形式……………(P10)星期和月份的詞匯……………………(P11)基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法………………(P12)tobe句型……………(P13)含有have/has的句型…………………(P14)can句型…………………(P15)therebe句型……………(P16)祈使句……………………(P17)todo句型………………(P18)改寫句子1否定句……………………(P19)改寫句子2一般疑問句及肯定、否定回答…………(P20)改寫句子3特殊疑問句………………(P21)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)…………(P)音標(biāo)acaketablemakeJaneplatesnakenamefaceplaceplanetakegatetapetastebabyladypaperstationfavouriteaitailrainrainytrainwaitaydayhaygrayMaymayplaysaywayawaytodaybirthdayhurrayeytheygreysurveyeagreatbreakeieightaanandatbadbagblackcancatcatchdadfathandhathavehassadjampianolampmanmapstampstandthankthatvanangryapplehappyjacketpandarabbitsaladtaxitrafficanimalfamilySaturdaypianoehemeshebewetheseeveningzebraPeterEvaChineseJapaneseeebeefeelgreenkneemeetneedseeseedsheepsleepstreettreesweepsweetthreekeepeabeachbeancleaneatleafmeatpeachpleasereadseateaeasyseasonteachereastipizzaiepieceeopeoplee/e/eggbeddesktenpenpencilredsevenKendressgethelpleftlegletnetnextsmelltellthemthenwellwestwhenwetyesclevereveryjellyletterpresentquestionsecondtennisverywelcomeyellowtogethereleventwelveelephantea/e/breadheadweatherbreakfastheavyie/e/frienda/e/anymany(只有兩個)ilikekitebicyclebikeMikenicenineIchildclimbdrivedriverfinehiiceice-creammicericerideshinesignslidesmiletimewhitewildwritetigerbehindbesidelibrarypineappleminelineighhighlightnightrightbrighttonightybycrydryflymyskytrywhyietiepiefriesuybuyeyeeyeibigpigpinkJimhishimisititsplayingwithstickdrinkfishgiftgiveinlistmilkMisspickshipsingsitspringswimswingthinthingthiswindbiscuitchickchickenchildrendinnerkitchenlistenlittlesisterwindowwinterpicturerabbitanimalmorningwillsixslimylovelyslowlyDannypartyhappyDollyTonyKittyverysunnycloudywindyrainysnowyfamilylibrarybusyanymanyprettyepuppetbasketelevenpeacheselephantsupermarkettoiletprettyubusyeymonkeymoneyooldcoldgophotoroseholdcloseclothesfoldhomenonoseropesothoseopenoverhelloOctoberpianoFloowblowbowlslowsnowknowgrowshowyellowwindowrainbowcrowoaboatcoatroadgoatoushoulderoetoeJoeoorpoorourtoururesureodogboxshophotBonniecrossfoxlonglotnotnodonsoftsongstopstrongbodycoffeeofficedoctorchocolatevolleyballOctoberawantwatchwhatwashausausagebecauseororangesorryborrowtomorrowuducksunsunnycutcupRussrunupsummerbusbutjumpmuchlunchmumusbutterbutterflyhungryfunfunnynumberrubberstudySundayuglyuncleunderumbrellatrunkusclubolovelovelycomesomesometimesfrontsonbrothercolourMondaymonkeymoneymotherabovebecomeotheroutouchroughyoungcousinarcarcardarmartfarmdarkfarhardMarchparkstarstartgardenpartyscarflargesharpsmartmarketsupermarketyardMarkaaskclassdancefastglassgrasspastplantafterafternoonfatherbasketballbananaanswerbathbranchauauntlaughalhalfearhearty/j/yesyearyellowyouyouryoungyummyoo/u:/coolfoodmoonroomrootschoolsmoothspoontootoothzooafternoonpoolu/u:/JunerulerJudyruleue/u:/bluegluetrueSueo/u:/dowhowhosetoou/u:/groupsoupyouui//u:/fruitjuiceu/ju:/pupiltubemusicuseusefulsupercuteunitsupermarketcomputerusuallytunestudentew/ju:/newnewsnewspapereau/ju:/beautifulalallballcallhallsmalltalktallwalkwallalwayschalkfallsaltsaltyorforhorseorshortcornsportbeforemoretortoiseawdrawseesawstrawberryauautumnAugustLauraarwarmquarterawardoordoorfloorourfouryouryoursawateraughdaughterirbirdgirlshirtskirtfirstsirbirthdaycircledirtythirstythirteenthirdthirtyerhertermurnurseturnThursdaypurseorwordworldworkworkerearlearnearlyoobookcookfootgoodlookfootballgoodbyeclassroomufullpullpushputsugarbullowomanwolfouwouldshouldcouldaaboutawaywomanpizzazebracinemavegetablebananaechildrencinemacameragardenochocolatecomputerpotatosecondtodaytogethertonightwelcomeibeautifulAprilterribleuautumndifficultAugustminuserafterbrotherclevermotherfathersisterDecemberdinnerfingerletternumberOctoberoverriverrubberrulersummersuperunderwaterweatherafternoonsupermarkettrouserscomputerordoctormirrorscissorsarsugarurSaturdayoucloudcloudycounthouseloudaloudmousemouthoutshoutroundsoundsouthtrousersaboutouchowcowhownowbrowndowntownwowbowowlearearhearneardearfearteareerdeerbeerengineereaideatheatreerehereeretherewhereearbearpearweareirtheirairairchairhairpairaresharesquareClareaeaeroplaneoyboytoyJoyceoitoiletnoisepointvoiceththinthreethankthickthingmouthbirthdaytooththinkthirdThursdaythrowbothnorthsouthmonththirtythirstyththisthatthesethosetheythemtheirtheresmoothbrotherfathermotherwithclothestogetherweatherthethenchchairchickchickenchildchildrenChinaChinesechocolateteachteacherbeachlunchMarchmuchpeachtouchwhichbranchtchwatchcatchmatchkitchenshshesheepshineshipshoeshortshouldershowshutbrushshopdishfishpushwashwishEnglishrubbishssuresugarw/w/waitwalkwallwantwarmwaterwayweweekWednesdaywellwestwetwildwillwinwindwindowwindywinterwomanwordworkworldwouldswimswingsweepsweetawayalwayswh/w/whatwherewhitewhywhichwhenk/k

/parkbasketballaskworkerbikebookcookdarklakelikelookmakekitchentalkwalkweekworkskyc/k

/cakecleancancarcoatcoldcolourcomecomputercookcoolcopycorncountcowcupcutactdifficultrectangleOctoberscarfbecausebecomechocolatedoctorpicnicpicturesecondck/k

/chickchickenjacketbackclockrockduckknockpicksocksickquickch/k

/schoolChristmas*x/ks/boxfoxsixtaxitextnextexercisel/l/lateleafletletterlightlikelistenlittlelivelooklotloudslideslowearlyrulersaladtoiletuglyoldfilmmilkwildbowlcoolfeelgirlpooltailll/l/helloallballtalldollfullbellfallsmelltellsmallwallwellwills/s/sadsaladSaturdaysayseaseeseedsellsevensixsicksirsistersitsmartsmellsmilesmoothsnakesnowsnowysosoapsonsunsoupSundaysunnyAugustbesidedeskaskeastlistfirstmustpastposttastebusmouseusss/s/classclassroomglassmissMissgrassguessdresscrosslessonc(i),c(e),c(y)/s/cinemacirclecityiceDecemberfacejuicemiceniceofficepieceplacericetwicevoicebicyclef/f/facefallfamilyfanfarmfastfatfeedfeelfilmfindfinefirstfoldfoodfootfootballforfourfoxfullfunnyafterafternoonoftenbeforegiftleftsofthalfknifeleafscarfff/f/offofficecoffeetraffic(注：offof)ph/f/photophotographphonetelephonegh/f/rough/

r?f/laugh/

lɑ:f/cl/kl/classclevercloudcloudyclimbclockcloseclothesClarecirclebicyclepl/pl/placeplaneplantplateplayplusapplepeoplepurplegl/gl/glassgladglueGladysglovestrianglerectanglebl/bl/blueblackblowtablefl/fl/flowerflyfloorflagsl/sl/slowslowlyslidesk/sk/deskmaskaskskateskateboardskiskyscarfsketchbookScarletsp/sp/waspcrispsspinspinnerspiderspringsportspeakst/st/toastpostpostmanpastlasttastestopstandstarstaystickdr/dr/drydressdrawdreamdrivedriverdrumpr/pr/princessprinceprettypricepresentcr/kr/creamice-creamcrycrayoncrowtr/tr/treetrytraintruetrouserstrucktraffictraveltrianglestreeth/h/hehowhellohihorsehouseheadhairholdwh/h/whowhosets/ts/catshatsputsgetsratsrabbitskitessweetsparentss/s/likesbikesthanksstampsmapscatshatsrabbitskitessweetsds/dz/bedsheadsfriendsbirdslizardsseedss/z/usemusiceasyvisitknivesseasonclosenosewallsshoesunclesbeesfrogsdriverschickensnoodlesbedsfriendsseedshensn/n/ninenicefinethennotnosetenhenkn/n/knifekneeknockbngsingwingswinglongyoungthingmorningsongwrongn(k)thinkthankbankinkblankpinktrunkmonkeyn(g)hungryEnglishsusuallyusuals(ure)pleasures(ion)televisionvisionjjobjumpjeepjamJimJackjuicejuicyjudgeJapanJapanesegorangeagecagepagegiraffesausagedgebridgefridgejudge語法1：反義詞1.big大的small小的2.tall高的short矮的3.long長的short短的4.fat胖的thin瘦的5.new新的old舊的6.young年輕的old老的7.yes是no不是8.on在…上under在…下9.hard硬的—soft軟的10.rough粗糙的smooth光滑的11.open打開close關(guān)閉12.sit坐stand站13.white白的black黑的14.this這that那15.fast快的slow慢的16.fast快地slowly慢地17.hot熱的cold冷的18.cool涼爽的warm溫暖的19.come來go去20.in在…里out在…外21.comein進(jìn)來goout出去22.good好的bad壞的23.clean干凈的dirty臟的24.up向上down向下25.here這里there那里26.happy開心的sad傷心的27.wet濕的dry干的28.puton穿上takeoff脫下29.thin細(xì)的,薄的thick粗的,厚的30.beautiful/niceugly丑的31.these這些those那些32.sweet甜的bitter苦的/sour/salty33.after在…之后before在…之前34.hungry餓的full飽的35full滿的empty空的36.afraid害怕的brave勇敢的37.funny有趣的boring無聊的38.bright明亮的dark黑暗的39.light輕的--heavy重的40.behind在…后面--infrontof在…前面41.turnon打開--turnoff關(guān)閉42.turnup調(diào)高--turndown調(diào)低43.easy容易的—difficult難的44.busy忙的free空閑的45.right右邊left左邊46.right對的wrong錯的47.ask問answer回答48.sharp尖的,鋒利的blunt鈍的49.strong強(qiáng)壯的weak虛弱的50.many許多few很少（+可數(shù)）51.much許多l(xiāng)ittle很少（+不可數(shù)）52.first首先last最后53.buy買sell賣54.north北方south南方55.west西方east東方56.語法2：人稱代詞主格賓格所有格(形容詞性物主代詞)名詞性物主代詞反身代詞I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己you你，你們you你，你們your你的，你們的yours你的，你們的yourself你自己he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己we我們us我們our我們的ours我們的ourselves我們自己they他們them他們their他們的theirs他們的themselves他們自己用法：主格可用于句子的主語，也就是句子里說的是誰，通常在句子的開頭。賓格用作句子的賓語，通常用在介詞和行為動詞的后面。如：Lookatme.Listentohim.(at,to都是介詞，后面用賓格)Here’sacakeforyou.(for是介詞)Ilikeplayingwithher.(with是介詞)Ilikethem.Letussingtogether.(like,let都是動詞，后面也用賓格)Canyouseethem

No,butIcanhearthem.(see,hear是動詞)Touchit.Smellthem.(touch,smell是動詞)3.所有格也叫形容詞性物主代詞，用來形容某樣?xùn)|西是誰的，中文意思里都有個“的”字，所以不能單獨(dú)使用，后面一定要加上名詞一樣?xùn)|西。如：Thisismydog.(my后面加上了名詞dog)Ourteacherishappytoday.Hisfaceisround.4.名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，它起名詞的作用，在句子中為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。在使用名詞性物主代詞時，必須有特定的語言環(huán)境，也就是要省略的名詞大家已經(jīng)知道，在前面已經(jīng)提起過。如：Mybagisyellow.Herbagisred.Hisbagisblueandyourbagispink.可以這樣說：Mybagisyellow.Hersisred.Hisisblueandyoursispink.語法3：動名詞動名詞也叫現(xiàn)在分詞，就是在行為動詞后面+ing的形式，加了ing后它的詞性從動詞變成了名詞，表示一件事情，它可以用在like或go的后面，表示喜歡做某件事或去做某件事，也可以用在be動詞后面構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，表示某人正在做某事。要記住雙寫動名詞有這些：hophoppingskipskippingstopstoppingshopshoppingclapclappingsitsittingcutcuttinggetgettingputputtingswimswimmingrunrunningspinspinningbeginbeginning(開始)例：Ilikeeatinghamburgers.(=Iliketoeathamburgers.)Kittylikesplayingwithhercat.(=Kittylikestoplaywithhercat.)Youcangoskatinginwinter.Thechildrengoswimminginsummer.語法4：可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化形式已學(xué)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的形式可以歸納為8種情況：1. 直接+s如：appleapplesboyboys2. 詞尾字母是s,x,sh,ch的名詞要+es如：dressdressesboxboxesfishfishespeachpeaches3. 詞尾兩個字母是輔音字母+y的名詞，要去y再+ies如：babybabiesbutterflybutterflieslibrarylibrariesfamilyfamilies4. 詞尾字母是f或fe的名詞，要去掉f或fe再+ves如：leaf(葉子)leaveswolf(狼)wolvesknife(小刀)knives5. 單詞中的oo變?yōu)閑e，已學(xué)過的記住三個：foot(腳)feettooth(牙齒)teethgoose(鵝)geese6. 把a(bǔ)改成e：manmensnowmansnowmenpostmanpostmenpolicemanpolicemenwoman(女人)women7. 特殊變化：mousemicechildchildren8. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形(單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)是一樣的)如：sheepsheepdeer(小鹿)deerpeople(人)peopleChinese(中國人)ChineseJapanese(日本人)Japanesefishfish(此時魚是可數(shù)的)語法5：星期和月份的詞匯week星期day天,日子year年month月date日期星期：Sunday星期日Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六(記?。盒瞧谌帐且粋€星期的第一天，而星期六是最后一天)月份：January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月語法6：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞one1first第1nineteen19nineteenth第19two2second第2twenty20twentieth第20three3third第3twenty-one21twenty-first第21four4fourth第4twenty-two22twenty-second第22five5fifth第5twenty-three23twenty-third第23six6sixth第6twenty-four24twenty-fourth第24seven7seventh第7twenty-five25twenty-fifth第25eight8eighth第8twenty-six26twenty-sixth第26nine9ninth第9twenty-seven27twenty-seventh第27ten10tenth第10……eleven11eleventh第11thirty30thirtieth第30twelve12twelfth第12forty40fortieth第40thirteen13thirteenth第13fifty50fiftieth第50fourteen14fourteenth第14sixty60sixtieth第60fifteen15fifteenth第15seventy70seventieth第70sixteen16sixteenth第16eighty80eightieth第80seventeen17seventeenth第17ninety90ninetieth第90eighteen18eighteenth第18onehundred100onehundredth第100語法7：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)量，如：oneflower,twotrees,threeboys….序數(shù)詞用來表示順序，中文意思為“第幾”，通常前面要加the。大多數(shù)序數(shù)詞是由基數(shù)詞+th構(gòu)成，但我們要記住幾個特殊的變化形式，其它只要加th就可以了。特殊變化的形式有：first第一second第二third第三fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九(nine去e加th)twelfth第十二(先把twelve的ve改成f再加th)twentieth第二十(先把twenty的y改成ie再加th，所有的整十?dāng)?shù)都是這樣改)twenty-first第二十一twenty-second第二十二twenty-third第二十三(21以上的兩位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞，十位上的數(shù)不變，只要個位上的數(shù)變成相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞就可以了)5.序數(shù)詞常用于日期表達(dá)中，日期可以有兩種表達(dá)方式：=1\*GB3①月份+the+序數(shù)詞如：Junethefirst(6/1),Januarythesecond(1/2)=2\*GB3②the+序數(shù)詞+of+月份如：thefirstofJune,thesecondofJanuary6.介詞in和on在時間前都表示“在”，具體用法如下：=1\*GB3①在具體某一天用on，如：在星期天onSunday在六月一日onJunethefirst或onthefirstofJune=2\*GB3②在幾月份用in，在什么年份也用in，如：在一月inJanuary在二月inFebruary在1998年in19987.提問星期幾用Whatdayisit今天是星期幾提問日期(幾月幾號)用What’sthedate

(date日期)

語法8tobe句型含有be動詞的句子我們稱之為tobe句型，be動詞有三個，am,is,are,意思都表示“是”，用法記兒歌：我用am，你用are，is用于他、她、它，我們、你們和他們，表示復(fù)數(shù)都用are。amI是is第三人稱單數(shù)（除了我和你，其他一個人或一樣?xùn)|西，）areI,you和復(fù)數(shù)改寫句子：Iamastudent.否定句：Iamnotastudent.一般疑問句：Areyouastudent（提問時肯定句中的“我”要改成“你”）肯定回答：Yes,Iam.否定回答：No,I’mnot.（問“你”回答用“我”）劃線提問eq\o\ac(○,1)：Whoisastudent

(who也是三單，be動詞要用is)劃線提問eq\o\ac(○,2)：Whatareyou(你是干什么的=Whatdoyoudo?)Thestudentisintheclassroom.否定句：Thestudentisn’tintheclassroom.一疑句：Isthestudentintheclassroom?兩答：Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.劃線提問：Whereisthestudent?Wearetired.否定句：Wearen’ttired.一疑句：Areyoutired(提問時要把“我們”變“你們”)兩答：Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.(問“你們”回答用“我們”)劃線提問：Howareyou(或Howdoyoufeel)

語法9：含有have/has的句型have/has有多種含義，其中最常用的是表示“有”、“吃、喝”、“進(jìn)行”等，根據(jù)不同的意思，改變句型時也會有不同的改法。當(dāng)句中的have/has表示“有”時，我們稱之為tohave句型，此時have/has后面無論有沒有g(shù)ot都可以把have/has看作是關(guān)鍵詞，改寫句子時只要在have/has上做文章就可以了。如：eq\o\ac(○,1)Thestudentshaveanewteacher.否：Thestudentshaven’tanewteacher.一疑：Havethestudentsanewteacher兩答：Yes,theyhave.No,theyhaven’t.劃線提問：Whohasanewteacher

(who是三單后面要用has)

eq\o\ac(○,2)Mysisterhasgotsomebooks.否：Mysisterhasn’tgotanybooks.一疑：Hasyoursistergotanybooks兩答：Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.劃線提問：Whathasyoursistergot當(dāng)句中的have/has表示一個動作“吃、喝”“進(jìn)行”“舉行”“上課”等意思時，它就是todo句型，此時have/has就是一個動詞，不再是關(guān)鍵詞，改寫句子時就要借助于助動詞do或does來進(jìn)行改寫。如：eq\o\ac(○,1)Wehaveapicnicinspring.否：Wedon’thaveapicnicinspring.一疑：Doyouhaveapicnicinspring

兩答：Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t.劃線提問：Whatdoyoudoinspring?你們在春天干什么(

兩個do的意思不一樣)eq\o\ac(○,2)Maryhassomebread.否：Marydoesn’thaveanybread.(注：has變have)一疑：DoesMaryhaveanybread?兩答：Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t.劃線提問：WhatdoesMaryhaveMary吃了什么？(does出現(xiàn)has變原形have)注意點(diǎn)：當(dāng)have/has后面有g(shù)ot時只能表示“有”，也只能用第1種方式進(jìn)行改寫句子。當(dāng)have/has后面沒有g(shù)ot但也表示“有”時，用第1、2兩種方式都可以改寫句子，而當(dāng)have/has表示一個動作時，只能用第2種方式改寫句子，大家要學(xué)會靈活運(yùn)用。竅門：觀察句子中有沒有g(shù)ot，有g(shù)ot的句子have、has只能解釋為“有”它們就是關(guān)鍵詞，沒有g(shù)ot就把句子當(dāng)成todo句型用do或does來改。語法10：can句型1.can表示：能，會，可以，屬于情態(tài)動詞(can,may,must都是情態(tài)動詞)。2.肯定句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+can+行為動詞原形（主語是指這句話里主要講誰或什么東西；行為動詞是指一個動作）如：Icandrawaflower.(I是主語，draw是行為動詞原形)Theboyscanplayfootball.（Theboys是主語，play是動詞原形）3.否定句：主語+can’t+行為動詞原形（can’t=cannot）如：Icandrawaflower.Ican’tdrawaflower.4.一般疑問句：Can+主語+行為動詞原形+

（也就是把can提前到句子開頭就可以了，最后別忘加上問號）

回答有兩種：肯定回答：Yes,人稱代詞+can.否定回答：No,人稱代詞+can’t.(要牢記：can來提問，can來回答。)如：Theboyscanplayfootball.CantheboysplayfootballYes,theycan./No,theycan’t.5.特殊疑問句：當(dāng)劃線部分是動詞時，要注意在提問時要用do來代替劃線部分出現(xiàn)在問句中。如：Icansingasong.Whatcanyoudo

Theboyscandrawadog.Whatcantheboysdraw?

Theboyscandrawadog.Whatcantheboysdo

Theboyscandrawadog.Whocandrawadog?

Mysistercanrideabicycleontheroad.Wherecanyoursisterrideabicycle?語法11：therebe句型therebe句型表示“在某處有某物”，跟tohave句型的“某人有某物”是有區(qū)別的，大家千萬別把這兩種句型的含義搞錯。**therebe的肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：Thereis/are+量詞+名詞+地點(diǎn).具體有兩種情況：thereis后面加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如：Thereisanappleontheplate.Thereissomebreadandsomeapplesonthetable.(and連接兩樣?xùn)|西時，要用就近原則，也就是只要看and前面的東西，后面有多少東西都不用管)Thereare后面加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Therearethreebooksonmydesk.Therearetenchicksandapigonthefarm.therebe句型的改寫句子：否定句：在is或are后面加not，如遇some改成any一疑句：把is或are提前，如遇some也要改成any兩答：Yes,thereis/are.No,thereis/arenot.(必須用there來回答)特殊疑問句只有兩種:劃線部分只是量詞時，用Howmuch或Howmany提問結(jié)構(gòu)：Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+地點(diǎn)(表示:有多少量)Howmany+可數(shù)(復(fù))+arethere+地點(diǎn)(表示：有多少個)如：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.(water不可數(shù)用Howmuch提問)Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?（多少水）Thereisanorangebagonthechair.(可數(shù)的用Howmany提問)Howmanyorangebagsarethereonthechair?（有多少個桔色的包）（當(dāng)提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時，無論原句是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，提問時都要改成復(fù)數(shù)形式來提問，也就是Howmany后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。)劃線部分是量詞和名詞時，無論是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，只用一種結(jié)構(gòu)提問：What’s+地點(diǎn)？在某地方有什么?如：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.What’sinthebottle?

Thereisanorangebagonthechair.What’sonthechair?

Therearetenlovelychicksunderthetree.What’sunderthetree?

注意點(diǎn)：當(dāng)問句是What’s+地點(diǎn)？這個結(jié)構(gòu)時，答句一定要用Therebe句型

如：What’sinyourhand

Thereisapencil.

但如果問句是What’sthisinyourhand

It’sapencil.問句結(jié)構(gòu)主要是What’sthis

不是What’s+地點(diǎn)？所以不能用Therebe句型回答。語法12：祈使句1.含義：祈使句是指命令、要求、請求、建議或勸告某人做某事的句子。它的主語其實(shí)是you，但通常是省略掉的，只用行為動詞的原形來開頭，有時會配上please表示客氣、婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣，please可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，放在句尾時前面有逗號(，)。如：Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.Doyourhomework,please.=Pleasedoyourhomework.Bequiet,please.=Pleasebequiet.請保持安靜。(quiet安靜的)(第三句中沒有行為動詞，只有形容詞quiet，所以這樣的句子只能在形容詞前配上be動詞原形be，才能構(gòu)成祈使句)Becareful!小心點(diǎn)！Behappy!開心點(diǎn)！2.祈使句的否定句：只要在行為動詞原形前面加上don’t就可以了。如：Pleasestandup.Pleasedon’tstandup.Doyourhomework,please.請做你的回家作業(yè)。Don’tdoyourhomework,please.請不要做你的回家作業(yè)。Bequiet,please.Don’tbequiet,please.Pleasehaveanapple.Pleasedon’thaveanapple.（此句中的have意思是“吃”）注意點(diǎn)：please的位置不能隨便搬，原句里它在哪兒改好的句子里也在哪兒。語法13：todo句型Todo句型中沒有be動詞，沒有have/has，也沒有can，它用于敘述一般性的情況和某人的習(xí)慣、愛好等，句子結(jié)構(gòu)只是由主語和行為動詞組成，不同的主語，行為動詞會發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)主語是第一、二人稱以及復(fù)數(shù)人稱時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+行為動詞原形+其它。Iwalktoschool.否定句：主語+don’t+行為動詞原形+其它。Idon’twalktoschool.一疑句：Do+主語+行為動詞原形+其它Doyouwalktoschool

兩答：Yes,人稱代詞+do./No,人稱代詞+don’t.Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+行為動詞的三單形式(+s或es)+其它。Hewalkstoschool.否定句：主語+doesn’t+行為動詞原形+其它。Hedoesn’twalktoschool.一疑句：Does+主語+行為動詞原形+其它？Doeshewalktoschool兩答：Yes,人稱代詞+does./No,人稱代詞+doesn’t.Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.(記住：do來提問do來回答，does來提問does來回答)注：行為動詞的三單形式就是在行為動詞后面+s或es，要記住行為動詞的三單形式只在主語是三單的肯定句中出現(xiàn)，其它句子中都不會出現(xiàn)的，要注意觀察句子的主語是否是三單，另外句子類型是否是肯定句，才可以用行為動詞的三單形式。小竅門：只要在句中看到does，就要把動詞的三單形式“打回”原形！(我們曾經(jīng)學(xué)過的like，want，need等句型都屬于todo句型)語法14改寫句子1否定句先找句中是否有關(guān)鍵詞：be動詞am/is/are、have/has、或can，如果有，只要在這些詞后面加上not，句中有some改成any，其它部分照抄就可以了，除了am和not不能進(jìn)行縮寫，其它關(guān)鍵詞都可以和not進(jìn)行縮寫。(isnot=isn’t,arenot=aren’t,havenot=haven’t,hasnot=hasn’t,cannot=can’t)如果句中沒有這些關(guān)鍵詞，就要判斷它是否是todo句型，如果是todo句型，就要用助動詞don’t或doesn’t來改否定句，除了第三人稱單數(shù)用doesn’t，其它主語都用don’t來否定，但一定要注意句中只要出現(xiàn)了doesn’t，后面的動詞三單形式一定要“打回”原形！如果句中沒有關(guān)鍵詞但也不是todo句型，而是祈使句，改否定句只要找到句中的動詞原形，在動詞原形前面加上don’t，其它部分按照原來的順序照抄就可以了，注意千萬不要自作聰明改變原來句子的順序！如：Iamapupil.Iamnotapupil.Theyareinthepark.Theyaren’tinthepark.Theboyissad.Theboyisn’tsad.Wehavegotsomebread.Wehaven’tgotanybread.Thatmanhasgotmanyberries.That