《西方文化導(dǎo)論》練習(xí)題

ChapterOneGreekCultureFillintheblanks: 1.Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelements,twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyaretheGreco-Roman（希臘羅馬的）elementandtheJudeo-Christian（猶太教與基督教的）element.2.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury. 3. Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,allGreecewasbroughtunderruleofAlexander,kingofMacedon.4. In146B.C.theRomansconqueredGreece.5. Revivedin1896,theOlympicGameshavebecometheworld’sforemostamateursportscompetition.6. AncientGreeksconsideredHomertobetheauthoroftheirepics.7. TheHomer'sepicsconsistedofIliadandOdyssey. 8. TheIliaddealswiththeallianceofthestatesofthesouthernmainlandGreece,ledbyAgamemnonintheirwaragainstthecityofTroy. 9. TheOdysseydealswiththereturnofOdysseusaftertheTrojanwartohome,islandofIthaca.10.TherepresentationformofGreekDemocracyis公民大會） 11.OfthemanylyricpoetsofancientGreece,twoarestilladmiredbyreaderstoday:SapphoandPindar.12.SapphowasconsideredthemostimportantlyricpoetofancientGreece. 13.Pindarisbestknownforhisodescelebratingthevictoriesattheathleticsuchasthe14Olympicodes. 14.ThethreegreattragicdramatistsofancientGreeceareAeschylus,Sophocles,andEuripides.15.AeschyluswrotesuchplaysasPrometheusBound,PersiansandAgamemnon. 16.SophocleswrotesuchtragicplaysasOedipustheKingElectr《伊萊克特拉》謀殺其母及其情人者),andAntigon.Oedipuscomplex（戀母情結(jié)）andElectracomplex(戀父情結(jié))derivedfromSophocles’plays.17.Euripides(歐里庇得斯) wrotemainly about womenin such plays asAndromache,Medea,andTrojanWomen. 18.Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer Aristophanes,whohasleftelevenplays,includingClouds,Waspsand19. Euripides_isthefirstwriterof"problemplays". 20.希羅多德）isoftencalled“FatherofHistory”HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians. 21.修西得底斯）describedthewarbetweenAthensandSpartabetweenAthensandSyracuse,aGreekstateontheIslandofSicily. 畢達哥拉斯）wasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallwerenumbers.23.Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics. 24.Heracleitus(赫拉克利特believedfiretotheprimaryelementoftheuniverse,outofwhicheverythingelsehadarisen.25.ThegreatestnamesinEuropeanphilosophyareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle. 26.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,fourschoolsofphilosophersoftenarguedwitheachother,theyarethe犬儒學(xué)派the懷疑論學(xué)派theEpicureans（伊壁鳩魯學(xué)派）,andtheStoics（斯多葛學(xué)派）. 27.Euclid(歐幾里得)iswell-knownforhisElements《幾何原本》,atextbookgeometry.28.Toillustratetheprincipleofthelevel,Archimedesissaidtohavetoldtheking,“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.” 29.Greekarchitecturecanbegroupedintothreestyles:theDoric（多利安式）stylewhichisalsocalledthemasculinestyle;the愛奧尼亞式）stylewhichisalsocalledthefemininestyle;andalaterstylethatiscalledtheCorinthian（斯式）style.30.TheAcropolisatAthes雅典衛(wèi)城）andtheParthenon萬神殿)arethefinestmonumentofGreekarchitectureandsculptureinmorethan2000years.Multiplechoices:1.Whichculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.?GreekCulture B.RomanCulture C.EgyptianCulture D.ChineseCulture2.In theRomanconqueredGreece.1200B.C. B.700B.C. C.146B.C. D.Thecentury3.WhichofthefollowingworksdescribedthewarledbyAgamemnonagainstcityofTroy?OedipustheKingB.Iliad C.Odyssey D.Antigone4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbyAeschylus?Antigone B.Agamemnon C.PersiansD.PrometheusBound5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbySophocles?Electra B.Antigone C.TrojanWoman D.OedipustheKing6.WhichofthefollowingistheplaywrittenbyEuripides?Antigone B.Persians C.Electra D.Medea7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthegreatesttragicdramatistofancientGreece?Aristophanes B.Euripides C.Sophocles D.Aeschylus8.Whoeversaidthat“Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver.”?Pythagoras B.Heracleitus C.Aristotle D.Plato9.Whowasthefounderofscientificmathematics?Heracleitus B.Aristotle C.Socrates D.Pythagoras10.Whoischieflynotedforhisdoctrinethat“manisthemeasureofallthings”?Protagoras B.Pythagoras C.Pyrrhon D.EpicurusChapterTwoRomanCultureFillintheblanks: 1.TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomanconquestofGreece,wasthenreducedtoaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire. 2.TheRomanwriterHoracesaid:“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.（） 3.In27B.C.Octavius（屋大維）tooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleAugustus（奧古斯都）. 4.TheRomansenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknownasthePaxRomana（羅馬的和平）. 5.Inthe4thcentury,theemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRomeByzantium,renameditConstantinople(modernIstanbul). 6.In476thelastemperorofthewestwasdeposedbytheGoths(哥特人)andmarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire. 7.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurks1453.8.JuliusCaesarrecordedwhathedidandsawinthevariousmilitarycampaignshetookpartinandthesewritings,collectedinhisCommentarie）,modelsofsuccinctLatin.9.VirgilwasthegreatestofLatinpoetsandwrotethegreatepic,theAeneid. 10.ThePantheonisthegreatestandthebestpreservedRomantemple,whichbuiltin27B.C.Andreconstructedinthe2thcenturyA.D..11.She-wolfisthestatuewhichillustratesthelegendofcreationofRoman.12.ThedividingrangeintheRomanhistoryrefersto27B.C.13.“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”issaidbyJuliusCaesar.Choice:Whowrote,“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered”?Horace B.JuliusCaesar C.Virgil D.MarcusTulliusCiceroTheauthorofthephilosophicalpoemOntheNatureofThingsis _.Virgil B.JuliusCaesar C.Horace D.LucretiusWhichofthefollowingisnotRomanarchitecture?TheColosseum B.ThePantheon C.TheParthenonD.PontduGardWhowrote,“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive.”?Sappho B.Plato C.Virgil D.HoraceChapterThereChristianCultureFillintheblanks: Amongallthereligionsbywhichpeopleseektoworship, ChristianityisbyfarmostinfluentialintheWest. BothJudaismandChristianityoriginatedinPalestinethehubofmigrationandroutes,whichledtoexchangeofideasoverwideareas. Some3800yearsagotheancestorsoftheJews–thethroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.

希伯來人–wandered(Hebrews：希伯來人，猶太人北方閃米特民族的一員或后裔，自稱是亞伯拉罕、以撒克和雅各的后代；古以色列人；猶太人) About1300B.C.,theHebrewscametosettleinPalestine,knownasCanaanattime,andformedsmallkingdoms.Canaan：迦南(《圣經(jīng)》故事中稱其為上帝賜給以色列人祖先的“應(yīng)許之地”，是巴勒斯坦，敘利亞和黎巴嫩等地的古稱)ThekingoftheHebrewswashandeddownorallyfromonegenerationtoanotherintheformoffolktalesandstories,whichwererecordedlaterintheOld TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:theOldTestamentandtheNewTheoldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofarefirstfivebooks,calledPentateuch（摩西五書）. WhentheHebrewsleftthedesertandenteredthemountainousSinai,climbedtothetopofthemountaintoreceivefromGodmessage,whichcametobeknownastheTenCommandments.ChronologicallyAmosistheearliestprophetintheOldTestament.Amos：阿摩司(前八世紀(jì)的希伯來先知)InBabyloninthe6thcenturyB.C.,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,synagoguestopractisetheirreligion.Attheageof30,JesusreceivedthebaptismatthehandsofJohnBaptist.JesusspentmostofhislifeinGalilee,whereheapparentlymadeasensation.Galilee：加利利(巴勒斯坦北部一多ft地區(qū))Jesusof巴勒斯坦地區(qū)北部古城)拿撒勒）livedinPalestineduringthereignofthefirstRomanEmperorAugustus.JesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover,butwasbetrayedJudas. In313theEdictofMilan(米蘭敕令)wasissuedbyConstantineIandreligiousfreedomtoallandmadeChristianitylegal.In392A.D,EmperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionsofempireandoutlawedallotherreligions.AfterJesusdied,St.PeterandSt.PaulledthedisciplesofJesustospreadintheMediterraneanregions.By300A.D.eachlocalchurchwascalledaparish（教區(qū)）andhadafullleaderknownaspriest.Towardstheendofthefourthcenturyfouraccountswereacceptedaspartof NewwhichtellsthebeginningofChristianity.WhenasJesus’motherMarywasespousedtoJoseph,beforetheycametogether,shewasfoundwithchildoftheHolyGhostJesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover（逾越節(jié)）,butbetrayedbyJudasandcaughtattheLastSupper.TheHebrewshistorywasrecordedinTheOldTestamentoftheBible.TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrineofJesusChrist.ThestoryaboutGod’sfloodingtothehumanbeingandonlygood-virtuebeingsavedwasrecordedinGenesis,Pentateuch,theOldTestament,theBible,wasknownasNoah’sArk.TheBirthofJesuswasrecordedinMatthew(馬太福音).ThestoryaboutJesusbeingpinnedinthecrosstodeathwasknownasTheSupper.ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformersledbyWycliff.Choice:1.WhichofthefollowingisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest?Buddism B.Islamism C.Christianity D.Judaism2.TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofarethefirstfivebooks,called .Exodus B.Commandments C.Amos D.Pentaeuch（摩西五書）3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecontentoftheTenCommandments?Honoryourfatherandyourmother. B.Donotcommitsuicide.C.Donotdesireyourneighbor’swife.D.DonottakethenameofGodinvain.WheninBabylontheHebrewsformedsynagoguestopractisetheirreligion?in169B.C. B.inthe4thcenturyC.in76B.C. D.inthe6thcenturyAfterthe centuryNestorianismreachedChina.A.sixth B.fifth C.second D.third(Nestorianism:聶斯托里教;景教:5世紀(jì)君士坦丁大主教Nestorius創(chuàng)立的)WhichofthefollowingemperorsmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions?Theodosius B.Augustus C.ConstantineI D.NeroCaesarWhichofthefollowingemperorsissuedtheEdictofMilanandmadelegalin313?Augustus B.Thedosius C.Nero D.ConstantineIAttheageof30,JesusChristreceivedthebaptismatthehandsof .St.Peter B.St.Paul C.JohnBaptist(施洗者約翰) D.JohnWycliffBy1963,thewholeoftheBiblehadbeentranslatedin A.228 B.974 C.1202 D.154TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownas .theLatinVulgate B.theAristeasCthe“Authorized” D.theSeptuagint(《舊約圣經(jīng)》的希臘文譯本)Whenprintingwasinventedinthe1500’s,the Biblewasthefirstcompleteworkprinted.English B.Latin C.Aramaic D.HebrewWhendidthestandardAmericaneditionoftheRevisedVersionA.1885 B.1611 C.1901 D.1979ChapterFourMedievalCultureFillintheblanks: 1.InEuropeanhistory,thethousandyearperiodfollowingthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyiscalledtheMiddleAges. 2.Betweenthefifthandeleventhcenturies,WestEuropewasthescenefrequentwarsandinvasions. 3.TheMiddleAgeisaperiodinwhichclassical,HebrewandGothicheritagemerged. 4.FeudalisminEuropewasmainlyasystemoflandholding–asystemholdinglandinexchangeformilitaryservice. 5.In732CharlesMartel,aFrankishrulergavehissoldiersestatesknownfiefs(封地,采邑)asarewardfortheirservice.6.Thecenterofmedievallifeunderfeudalismwasthemanor. 7.Bythe12thcenturymanorhousescametobecalledcastle,whichweremadestoneanddesignedasfortress. 8.Asaknight,hewaspledgedtoprotecttheweak,tofightforthechurch,toloyaltohislordandtorespectwomenofnoblebirth.Theseruleswereknownascodeofchivalry,fromwhichthewesternideaofgoodmannersdeveloped. 9.After1054,theChurchwasdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandEasternOrthodoxChurch. 10.ThemostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthoughtwasAugustineofHippowholivedinNorthAfricainthefifthcentury. （教思想家;北非希波主教)） 11.Underfeudalism,peopleofwesternEuropeweremainlydividedintoclasses:clergy,lordsandpeasants. 12.ThePopenotonlyruledRomanandpartsofItalyasaking,hewasalsoheadofallChristianchurchesinwesternEurope. 13.IntheMedievaltimestheChurchsetupachurchcourt–theInquisition(審判所tostampoutso-calledheresy（異教）. 14.Oneofthemostimportant圣禮）wasHoly禮）,whichwastoremindpeoplethatChristhaddiedtoredeemman. 15.Toexpresstheirreligiousfeelings,manypeopleintheMiddleAgeswentonjourneystosacredplaceswhereearlyChristianleadershadlived.TheimportantofallwasJerusalem（耶路撒冷：巴勒斯坦著名古城)）. 16.WithareturnattackagainsttheMoslems,theWesternChristianslaunchedseriesofholywarscalledtheCrusades.17.Charlemagne,whotemporarilyrestoredorderinwesternandcentralEurope,wasperhapsthemostimportantfigureofthemedievalperiod.18.Charlemagnewascrowed“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800. 19.TheSummaTheologic）bySt.ThomasAquinas（anenormoussystemandsumsupalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology. 20.RogerBaconwasoneoftheearliestadvocatesofscientificresearchcalledforcarefulobservationandexperimentation. 21.“Nationalepic”referstotheepicwrittenin vernacular(本國的)languages–thatis,thelanguagesofvariousnationalstatesthatcameintobeingintheMiddleAges. 22.BeowulfisanAnglo-Sexonepic,inalliterativeverse,originatingfromcollectiveeffortsoforalliterature. 23.DanteAlighieriwasthegreatestpoetofItaly,hismasterpiece,TheDivineComedy,isoneofthelandmarksofworldliterature. 24.ChaucerwasagreatEnglishpoet,TheCanterburyTaleswerehispopularworkfortheirpowerofobservation,piercingirony,senseofhumorandwarmhumanity. 25.ThestyleofarchitectureunderRomanesqueartischaracterizedmassiveness,solidityandmonumentalitywithalloverallblockyappearance. 26.TheGothicstylestartedinFranceandquicklyspreadthroughallpartswesternEurope.Choice:1.Inthelaterpartofthe4thcentury,whichofthefollowingtribessweptintoEuropefromcentralAsia,robbingandkillingalargenumbersofthehalfcivilizedGermanictribes?theMongolians B.theHuns（匈奴人）C.theTurkish D.theSyrians2.TheMiddleAgesisalsocalledthe .“AgeofChristianity” B.“AgeofLiterature”C.“AgeofHolySpirit” D.“AgeofFaith”3.Accordingtothecodeofchivalry,whichofthefollowingisnotpledgedtoforaknight?TobeloyaltohislordTofightforthechurchToobeywithoutquestiontheordersofthe修道院）Torespectwomenofnoblebirth4.In732,whogavehissoldiersestatesknownas封地,采邑）asafortheirservice?CharlesMartel,aFrankishruler B.CharlesI,aTurkishrulerC.ConstantineI,aFrankishruler D.St.Benedict,aItalianruler5.WhenwastheChurchdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandEasternOrthodoxChurch?after1066 B.after1296 C.after1054 D.after4766.WhichofthefollowingabouttheknightornobleintheMiddleAgesinWesternEuropeisNOTtrue?A.AlmostallnobleswereknightsintheMedievaldays.B.Anoblebeganhiseducationasapageattheageofseven.C.Asaknight,hewaspledgedtofightforthechurch.D.Ataboutfourteen,thepagebecameaknight.7.WhenwasanoblecrownedasaknightintheMiddleAgesinWesternEurope?A.Attheageof14.B.Whenhewastaughttosayhisprayers,learnedgoodmannersandranerrandsfortheladies.C.Ataspecialceremonyknownasdubbing（騎士爵位的授與）.D.Whenhewaspledgedtofightforthechurch.8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutwhatthemonksmustdobeforeenteringthemonasteryaccordingtotheBenedictineRule?A.Theyhadtoattendservice6timesduringthedayandonceatmidnight.B.Theycouldpromisetogiveupalltheirpossessionbeforeenteringmonastery.C.Theywereexpectedto work5hoursadayinthefields surroundingmonastery.D.Theyhadtoobeywithoutquestiontheordersoftheabbot.9.Underfeudalism,whatwerethethreeclassesofpeopleofwesternEurope?clergy,knightsandserfs B.Pope,bishopandpeasantsC.clergy,lordsandpeasants D.knights,noblesandserfs10.BywhichyeartheMoslemshadtakenoverthelastChristianstrongholdandwonthecrusadesandruledalltheterritoryinPalestinethatthecrusadersfoughttocontrol?A.1270 B.1254 C.1096 D.1291Whichofthefollowingwascrowned“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800?St.ThomasAquinas B.CharlemagneC.Constantine D.KingJames12.WhowastheruleroftheAnglo-Saxonkingdom ofWessexandcontributedgreatlytothemedievalEuropeanculture?CharlesI B.ConstantineIC.AlfredtheGreat D.CharlestheGreat13.DoesSongofRolandbelongtowhichcountry’sepic?English B.Germanic C.Hebrew D.French14.WhoistheauthoroftheOpusMaiu?RogerBacon B.DanteAlighieriC.Chaucer D.St.ThomasAquinasChapterFiveRenaissanceFillintheblanks: 1.Generallyspeaking,Renaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thand17th century.2.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance. 3.Inessence,RenaissancewasahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofconservatisminfeudalistEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsof資產(chǎn)階級lifttherestrictionsinallareasplacedbytheRomanChurchauthorities. 4.RenaissancestartedinFlorenceandVenicewiththefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture.5.Beginningfromthe11thcentury,citiesbegantoriseincentralandnorthItaly. )isacollectionof100talestoldby7youngladiesandyoungergentlemenontheirwaytoescapetheBlackDeathof1348.7.Petrarch(彼特拉克wasbestknownforCanzoniers《詩集》abookoflyricalsongswritteninhisItaliandialect. 8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories anatomy(解剖學(xué)andperspective(透視畫法). 9.ThefourrepresentativeartistsofHighRenaissanceinItalyareLeonardoVinci,Michelangelo,RaphaelandTitian. 10.LoenardodaVinci’smajorworks:LastSupperisthemostfamousofreligiouspictures;MonaLisaprobablyistheworld’smostfamousportrait. 11.Michelangelocreatedastyleofartinwhichhefreedhimselffromtheoldtraditionofdecorationontheonehandanddocumentaryrealismontheother. 12.Titian’spaintingisacknowledgedtohaveestablished oilcolouroncanvasthetypicalmediumofthepictorialtraditioninwesternart. 13.Inworldtrade,ItalyhadlostitssupremacybecauseofthediscoveryofAmericain1492andtheroundingoftheCapeofGoodHopein1488,theopeningofanall-waterroutetoIndiawhichprovidedacheapermeansoftransport.14.Petrarchislookedupasthefatherofmodernpoetry.15.ItalyisregardedasthebirthplaceoftheRenaissance. 16.TheReformationledbyMartinLutherwhichsweptoverthewholeofEuropewasaimedatopposingtheabsoluteauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandreplacingitwiththeabsoluteauthorityoftheBible. 17.MartinLutherwastheGermanleaderoftheProtestantReformation.HisdoctrinemarkedthefirstbreakintheunityoftheCatholicChurch. 18.WhenthePoperefusedtorecognizedHenry’smarriagewithAnneBoleyn,BritishParliament,in1534,passedtheActof的法令）whichmarkedtheformalbreakoftheBritishwiththePapalauthorities. 19.Ignatius(圣伊納哥安提拉城主教，以其所著的啟示書出名。在羅馬皇帝圖拉真統(tǒng)治時期殉教。)andhisfollowerscalledthemselvestheJesuits(會會士membersoftheSocietyofJesus(耶穌會). 20.JohnCalvinputhistheologicalthoughtsinhisInstitutesoftheChristianReligion）,whichwasconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialtheologicalworksofalltimes.21.TheProtestantgroupinFrancewasknownasthe

法國胡格諾派教徒）whoserivalrywiththeCatholicChurchledtothewarsofreligionfrom1562to1598. 22.In1492theMoors（摩爾人）thathadruledSpainforfourcenturiesdrivenoutfromtheirlaststronghold.23.In1492ColumbusdiscoveredAmericanandclaimedAmericaforSpain.24.TheauthorofDonQuixote）isCervante（塞萬提斯）. 25.AlbrechtDürerwastheleaderoftheRenaissanceinGermany.Hisengravingsareunsurpassedandhispaintingsofanimalsandplantsareexceedinglysensitive. 26.UnderthereignofElizabethI,Englandbegantoembarkontheroadtocolonizationandforeigncontrolthatwastotakeitontoitsheydayofcapitalistdevelopment. 27.ThomasMorewasagreathumanistduringtheRenaissance.AmongwritingsthebestknownisUtopia. 28.CervantescrownedliteratureofSpainandShakespeareofEnglandduringRenaissance. 29.TheRenaissancewasthegoldenageofgeographicaldiscoveries:bytheof1600thesurfaceoftheknownearthwasdoubled.30.ColumbuswasaGenoese-bornnavigatoranddiscovereroftheNewWorld.31.DiaswasaPortuguesenavigatorwhodiscoveredtheCapeofGoodHope. 32.Vascoda達伽馬)wasaPortuguesenavigator,whodiscoveredthetoIndiaroundtheCapeofGoodHopebetweentheyearof1497and1498. 33.Amerigo韋斯普奇）wastheItaliannavigatorinwhoseAmericawasnamed 34.AmerigoVespuccidiscoveredandexploredthemouthofthe河）andacceptedSouthAmericaasanewcontinent.35.Copernicus（哥白尼）cametobeknownasfatherofmodernastronomy. 36.DuringhislifetimeLeonardodaVincidissectedmorethanthirtycorpsewasagreatanatomistinItaly. 37.AndreasVesaliuswasthefounderofmodernmedicine.（1514-1564）佛蘭德斯解剖學(xué)家和外科大夫，是現(xiàn)代解（Fabrica,1543年）進行細(xì)致的解剖基礎(chǔ)上。 38.VesaliuswasaFlemishanatomist.HisworkFabric）thebeginningofanewerainthestudyofanatomy（解剖學(xué)）.馬基雅弗利called“FatherofpoliticalscienceintheWest.（政治學(xué)之父）40.TheReformationshatteredMedievalChurch’s）controloverman,thuspavingthewayforcapitalism.Choice:1.WheredidtheRenaissancestart withthefloweringofpaintings,sculpturearchitecture?inGreeceandRome B.inFlorenceandVeniceC.inMilanandFlorence D.inItalyandGermany2.WhendidtheRenaissancereachitsheightwithitscentermovingtoMilan,toRome,andcreatedHighRenaissance?inthecentury B.inthe15thcenturyC.inthe16thcentury D.inthe17thcentury3.WhichofthefollowingworksiswrittenbyBoccaccio?Decameron B.Canzoniers C.David D.Moses4.Whoistheauthorofthepainting,KissofJudas?(見下圖)Giotto(喬托:意大利畫家、雕刻家、建筑師)Brunelleschi C.Donatello D.Giorgione 5.WhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistsisthefatherofthemodeofpainting?Raphael B.Titian C.daVinci D.Michelangelo 6.WhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistswasbestknownforMadonna(VirginMary)?Titian B.daVinci C.Michelangelo D.Raphael 7.WhichofthefollowingpaintingswasbasedonthestoryintheBiblewithridingonadonkeyreadytofacethehardshipahead?Tempesta B.SacredandProfaneLoveC.FlightintoEgypt(見下) D.TheReturnoftheHuntersKissofJudas FlightintoEgypt(逃往埃及)WhotookupthetranslationoftheBibleintoEnglishforthefirsttime?JanHus B.JohnWyliff C.MartinLuther D.JohnCalvinWhoistheauthorInstitutesoftheChristianReligion?JohnWycliff B.JanHus C.JohnCalvin D.ErasmusInwhosereigndidtheformalbreakoftheBritishwiththepapal（教皇制度的authoritiestakeplace?ElizabethI B.WilliamI C.EdwardIII D.HenryVIIIAftertheformalbreakoftheBritishwiththepapalauthorities,whowastheofthechurch?King B.Pope C.Bishop D.QueenWhichofthefollowingworkswaswrittenbyRabelais（拉拍雷）,inwhichhepraisesthegreatnessofman,expresseshisloveofloveandhisreverenceandsympathyforhumanistlearning?GargantuaandPantagruelB.DonQuixoteC.ThePraiseofFolly D.Utopia13.Whosemottoputdowninhisessays“WhatdoIKnow?”isworldfamous?Cervantes B.RabelaisC.Montaigne(蒙田：法國人文主義思想家)D.Shakespeare14.WhichofthefollowingworksisworthreadingforMontaigne’shumanistideasandastylewhichiseasyandfamiliar?SonnetsB.DecameronC.RabelaisD.OfRepentance15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTFrenchwriterpoet?Cervantes B.PierredeRonsardC.RabelaisD.Montaigne16.In1516whopublishedthefirstGreekeditionoftheNewTestament?Bruegel B.Erasmus（伊拉茲馬斯 C.ElGreco D.Rabelais17.“Tobe,ornottobe,--thatisthequestion.”isfromwhoseworks?ChaucerB.DanteC.RogerBaconD.ShakespeareChapterSixCultureintheEnlightenmentFillintheblanks: TheEnlightenmentwasanintellectualmovementoriginatinginFrance,attractedwidespreadsupportamongtherulingandintellectualclassesofEuropeandNorthAmericainthesecondhalfofthecentury. TheEnlightenmentissometimescalledtheAgeofReasonbecauseitcharacterizestheeffortsbycertainEuropeanwriterstousecriticalreasontofreemindsprejudice,unexaminedauthorityandoppressionbyChurchorState.3.ThemostimportantforerunnersoftheEnlightenmentweretwo17thcenturyEnglishmenJohnLocke（洛克）andIsaacNewton. 4.ThemajorforceoftheEnlightenmentwastheFrenchphilosophers.Amongthemweresuchwell-knownmenoflettersasMontesquieu（孟德斯鳩）,andRousseau. 5.Diderot,whoeditedthefamousencyclopedia,wasalsoanimportantFrenchEnlightenmentfigure. 6.Inartandliterature,whatcoincidedwiththeAgeofReasonwasaperiodneo-classicism. 7.InAmerican,TheAmericanWarofIndependenceof1776endedBritishcolonialruleoverthatcountry. 8.TheseizureofBastille(攻占巴士底獄markedtheendoftheFrenchmonarchy,andtheFirstFrenchRepublicwasbornin1792. 9.TheIndustrialRevolution(1760-1840),beginningwiththeinventionofsteamengine,rapidlychangedthefaceoftheworld,andusheredinacompletelynewage. 10.Montesquieu’sdoctrinesoftheseparationofpowersbecameoneoftheimportantprinciplesoftheU.S.constitution. 11.InTheOriginofHumanInequality,Rousseauarguesthatthesocialorderofcivilizedsocietyintroduceinequalityandunhappiness.Thissocialorderrestsprivateproperty. 12.BesidesHobbesandLocke,Rousseauisalsofamousforhistheoryofcontract. 13.InElementsofPhysiology,Diderotdevelopedhismaterialistphilosophyfore-shadowedthedoctrineofevolutionsaslaterproposedbyCharlesDarwin. 14.MontesquieuisthefirstofthegreatFrenchmenoflettersassociatedwithEnlightenment. 15.PoperepresentedtherationalisticneoclassicaltendencyinliteratureandoftenbeencalledthespokesmaninverseoftheAgeofReason.. 16.InAModestProposal,SwiftbitterlycriticizestheBritishGovernmentsuggestingthatthechildrenbefattenand eaten.Thisessayhasbeenregardedbymanyasthemostsavagesinglepieceofironicalsatireeverwritten. 17.Richardson,novelist,isoftencalledthefounderoftheEnglishdomesticHistypeofnoveliscalledtheepistolarynovel(書信體小說).18.Fielding,novelist,dramatistandessayist,wascalledbySirWalterScottthe“FatheroftheEnglishnovel”. 19.JohnsonwastheeditorofADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagethefirstgreatEnglishdictionary. 20.InEngland, twowriter