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2019考研英語(yǔ)完形填空模擬題23篇2019考研英語(yǔ)完形填空模擬題23篇2019考研英語(yǔ)完形填空模擬題23篇xxx公司2019考研英語(yǔ)完形填空模擬題23篇文件編號(hào):文件日期:修訂次數(shù):第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì),管理制度2019考研英語(yǔ)模擬題(1)SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fromeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)一、美陪審團(tuán)制度AsformercolonistsofGreatBritain,theFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesadoptedmuchofthelegalsystemofGreatBritain.Wehavea“commonlaw”,orlawmadebycourts__1__amonarchorothercentralgovernmental__2__likealegislature.Thejury,a__3__ofordinarycitizenschosentodecideacase,isan__4__partofourcommon-lawsystem.Useofjuriestodecidecasesisa__5__featureoftheAmericanlegalsystem.FewothercountriesintheworldusejuriesaswedointheUnitedStates.__6__thecenturies,manypeoplehavebelievedthatjuriesinmostcasesreachafairerandmorejustresult__7__wouldbeobtainedusingajudge__8__,asmanycountriesdo.__9__ajurydecidescasesafter“__10__”,ordiscussionsamongagroupofpeople,thejury‘sdecisionislikelytohavethe__11__frommanydifferentpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,whomustasagroupdecidewhatisright.Juriesareusedinbothcivilcases,whichdecide__12__among__13__citizens,andcriminalcases,whichdecidecasesbroughtbythegovernment__14__thatindividualshavecommittedcrimes.JuriesareselectedfromtheU.S.citizensand__15__.Jurors,consistingof__16__numbers,arecalledforeachcaserequiringajury.Thejudge__17__tothecase__18__theselectionofjurorstoserveasthejuryforthatcase.Insomestates,__19__jurorsarequestionedbythejudge;inothers,theyarequestionedbythelawyersrepresentingthe__20__underrulesdictatedbystatelaw.1.[A]otherthan[B]ratherthan[C]morethan[D]orrather2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining[D]diminishing6.[A]in[B]by[C]after[D]over7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections[D]speculations11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake12.[A]arguments[B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying15.[A]assembled[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]summoned16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placed17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned18.[A]administers[B]manages[C]oversees[D]presides19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D]prospective20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]units答案1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.C8.B9.B10.A11.C12.C13.D14.B15.D16.A17.D18.C19.D20.B總體分析本文介紹了美國(guó)的陪審團(tuán)制度。第一段指出,陪審團(tuán)是美國(guó)共同法系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分。第二段分析了使用陪審團(tuán)的原因。第三和四段分別介紹了陪審團(tuán)的類型和選舉程序。全文翻譯美國(guó)的建國(guó)之父?jìng)冏鳛榇笥⒌蹏?guó)的前殖民者沿襲了其法律系統(tǒng)。我們有“共同法”,即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法機(jī)關(guān)這樣的中央政府權(quán)利機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律。陪審團(tuán)由一群選來裁決案件的普通公民組成,是我們共同法系統(tǒng)基本的組成部分。使用陪審團(tuán)裁決案件是美國(guó)法律系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)顯著特征。在世界上很少有其他國(guó)家和美國(guó)一樣使用陪審團(tuán)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,許多人已經(jīng)相信在大多數(shù)情況下陪審團(tuán)比許多國(guó)家那樣單獨(dú)使用一位法官達(dá)成的結(jié)果更公平、公正。因?yàn)榕銓張F(tuán)裁決案件是在一群人“審議”或討論后,因此他們的決定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影響,這些人必須作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體來決定什么是正確的。陪審團(tuán)既被用在裁決普通公民之間糾紛的民事案件中,也用在裁決政府提出訟訴聲稱個(gè)人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪審團(tuán)成員從美國(guó)公民中選出并被傳喚。由固定人數(shù)組成的陪審團(tuán)在每一個(gè)需要陪審團(tuán)的案件中都會(huì)被召喚。被指派負(fù)責(zé)案件的法官監(jiān)督陪審團(tuán)成員的選舉。在一些州,未來的陪審團(tuán)成員由法官詢問,而在另一些州,他們遵照州法律規(guī)定的法規(guī)接受代表各方當(dāng)事人的律師的詢問。二、英國(guó)車速監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)TheTreasurycouldpocket20millionayearinextrafinesoncethecountry‘sspeedcameranetworkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe__1__couldbecomeapolltaxonwheels’,__2__hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofvandalism__3__cameras.Thewarningscame__4__aDailyMailsurveyfoundalmostallthe23policeforcesinEnglandandWaleswereeither__5__toexpansionplansorconsidering__6__.Nationwide,thenumberofspeedingticketsisexpectedtotreble,__7__90millionayear.__8__thescheme,policekeepsomeofthecashfromfinesto__9__thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand__10__thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed__11__atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcutcollisionsbyaquarteranddeathsandseriousinjuriesby__12__ahalf.Butmotoringorganizationsfearcameraswillbesitedonrelativelysafe__13__faststretchestocatchasmanydriversaspossible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto__14__the“threshold”speedsatwhichcamerasare__15__totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mphlimit,and26mphina20mphzone.Thiscouldencouragedriverstostareattheirspeedometersinsteadofconcentratingontheroad,and__16__tomoreaccidents.SueNicholson,headofcampaignsattheRAC,said,“Wedon‘thaveaproblemwithspeedcameras__17__.Butwedohaveconcernsabout__18__theyaresited.Policerisklosingcredibility__19__motoristsifcamerasareseenasrevenue-raising__20__safetydevices.”1.[A]promotions[B]punishments[C]penalties[D]payments2.[A]isolating[B]separating[C]alienating[D]detaching3.[A]towards[B]against[C]before[D]over4.[A]so[B]once[C]as[D]where5.[A]subjected[B]engaged[C]intended[D]committed6.[A]takingpart[B]keepingsilence[C]makingexception[D]payingrespect7.[A]financing[B]profiting[C]funding[D]netting8.[A]From[B]Under[C]On[D]With9.[A]hide[B]cover[C]conceal[D]veil10.[A]pledging[B]assuring[C]confirming[D]ensuring11.[A]essentially[B]strongly[C]wholeheartedly[D]purely12.[A]inall[B]fewerthan[C]atmost[D]upto13.[A]but[B]whereas[C]though[D]while14.[A]fit[B]put[C]set[D]fix15.[A]levered[B]geared[C]handled[D]triggered16.[A]lead[B]add[C]contribute[D]resort17.[A]anyless[B]byitself[C]afterall[D]assuch18.[A]who[B]when[C]where[D]which19.[A]in[B]with[C]against[D]for20.[A]inspiteof[B]farfrom[C]ratherthan[D]bymeansof答案1.C2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.D8.B9.B10.D11.D12.D13.A14.C15.B16.A17.D18.C19.B20.C總體分析本文講述了英國(guó)車速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及影響,著重闡述了這一計(jì)劃的支持者(警察和財(cái)政部門)和反對(duì)者(機(jī)動(dòng)車管理機(jī)構(gòu))的觀點(diǎn)。全文翻譯一旦擴(kuò)大車速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系,這個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬(wàn)收入。機(jī)動(dòng)車管理機(jī)構(gòu)警告說這種罰款可能變成對(duì)汽車征收的人頭稅,從而疏遠(yuǎn)很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機(jī)的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時(shí),《每日郵報(bào)》的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動(dòng),不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃,就是在考慮加入其中。預(yù)計(jì)(在實(shí)施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后)全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會(huì)增加兩倍,罰金數(shù)目一年達(dá)9000萬(wàn)。按照計(jì)劃,警察保留一部分罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機(jī)的費(fèi)用,并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機(jī)中總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財(cái)政部。財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)們和警察都堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為該計(jì)劃的目的是提高公路的安全性。他們指出八個(gè)試點(diǎn)地區(qū)撞車事故減少了四分之一,嚴(yán)重傷亡事故減少至一半。但是機(jī)動(dòng)車管理機(jī)構(gòu)擔(dān)心警察為了多開罰單會(huì)把攝像機(jī)裝在相對(duì)安全但行車速度較快的直行道上,還會(huì)為車速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)設(shè)置最低合法車速標(biāo)準(zhǔn),如把正常的每小時(shí)10英里限速提高到每小時(shí)15英里,每小時(shí)20英里限速提高到每小時(shí)26英里。這樣做會(huì)使司機(jī)盯著自己的里程計(jì)而不把精力集中到路面上,從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國(guó)皇家汽車俱樂部(RAC)活動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé)人休。尼科爾森說,“嚴(yán)格上說,我們對(duì)車速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)并無(wú)意見,我們擔(dān)憂的是它們被安放的地點(diǎn)。如果把監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)視為(政府)聚斂財(cái)政收入的手段而不是安全設(shè)施,那么警察就可能喪失他們?cè)隈{駛者心目中的威信”。三、大眾媒體Themassmediaisabigpartofourculture,yetitcanalsobeahelper,adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa(an)__1__foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway,it__2__avarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe__3__ofleisure:thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest.__4__bywhatishappeningonthescreen,childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectly__5__themselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedaboutthe__6__ofviolenceinthemediaandits__7__harmtochildrenandadolescentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisperiod,newmedia__8__,suchasvideogames,cabletelevision,musicvideos,andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity,thesemedia,__9__television,__10__publicconcernandresearchattention.Anotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration__11__bythemedia,isbodyimage.__12__forcescaninfluencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively.__13__one,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketing__14__ourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimagesof__15__beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers,__16__fromourtelevisionsandentertainus__17__themovies.Eveninadvertising,themassmedia__18__onacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandfitnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha__19__definedstandardofattractiveness,a(n)__20__thatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.1.[A]alternative[B]preference[C]substitute[D]representative2.[A]accomplishes[B]fulfills[C]provides[D]suffices3.[A]risk[B]mercy[C]height[D]expense4.[A]Absorbed[B]Attracted[C]Aroused[D]Addicted5.[A]identify[B]recognize[C]unify[D]equate6.[A]abundance[B]incidence[C]prevalence[D]reccurrence7.[A]disposed[B]hidden[C]implicit[D]potential8.[A]merged[B]emerged[C]immerged[D]submerged9.[A]apartfrom[B]muchas[C]butfor[D]alongwith10.[A]promote[B]propel[C]prompt[D]prosper11.[A]inspired[B]imposed[C]delivered[D]contributed12.[A]External[B]Exterior[C]Explicit[D]Exposed13.[A]As[B]At[C]For[D]In14.[A]mark[B]effect[C]impact[D]shock15.[A]generalized[B]regularized[C]standardized[D]categorized16.[A]boom[B]bottom[C]brim[D]beam17.[A]over[B]with[C]on[D]at18.[A]play[B]take[C]profit[D]resort19.[A]barely[B]carefully[C]narrowly[D]subjectively20.[A]ideal[B]image[C]stereotype[D]criterion答案1.C2.B3.D4.B5.A6.C7.D8.B9.D10.C11.B12.A13.C14.C15.C16.A17.D18.A19.C20.A總體分析本文主要論述了大眾媒介對(duì)青少年產(chǎn)生的影響。第一段指出,大眾媒介可以替代社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)交往在年輕人的生活中起著各種各樣的作用。第二段指出,由于青少年模仿他們?cè)陔娨曋锌吹降哪酥翆⑵渑c現(xiàn)實(shí)相混淆,人們一直擔(dān)憂媒介對(duì)他們可能產(chǎn)生危害。第三段媒介對(duì)美的狹隘界定對(duì)青少年的不良影響。全文翻譯大眾媒體是我們文化的重要組成部分,但是它也可以成為年輕一代的助手、建議者和教師。大眾媒介作為許多機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)交往的替代品影響著年輕人的生活。通過這種方式,它在人們生活中起到了各種各樣的作用。在電視屏幕前耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間常常是以休閑為代價(jià)的,即有更少的時(shí)間用于游戲、娛樂和休息。由于被電視屏幕上的東西吸引,孩子們不僅模仿他們看到的,而且還直接將自己視為電視中的各種不同的人物。美國(guó)人對(duì)媒體中暴力的普及及其對(duì)孩子和青少年的潛在危害的擔(dān)憂至少已經(jīng)有四十年了。在這段時(shí)期里,新的媒體,如:電視游戲、有線電視、音樂錄像帶以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)了。由于這些媒體繼續(xù)受到歡迎,它們連同電視一起引起了公眾的擔(dān)憂和研究的注意。媒體使年輕一代受到社會(huì)另一大關(guān)注的方面是身體形象問題。外部力量能對(duì)身體形象產(chǎn)生正面和負(fù)面的影響。舉例來說,社會(huì)文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和大眾媒介的營(yíng)銷沖擊著我們關(guān)于美的觀念。在大眾媒介中,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美女的形象充斥著報(bào)刊雜志,從電視中播放出來,在電影中娛樂著我們。甚至大眾媒介還在廣告中利用公認(rèn)的瘦和健康的文化價(jià)值來贏得商業(yè)利潤(rùn)。青少年被給予的是狹隘界定的吸引力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),它是一種包含著對(duì)外形的不切實(shí)際的期望的完美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。四、英國(guó)的飲食與健康A(chǔ)recentparliamentaryreportblamesthegovernmentandthefoodindustryforthegrowthinobesity.TheDepartmentofTransportisblamedfornotdoingenoughto__1__facilitiesforpedestriansandcyclistswhile__2__topressurefrommotoringorganizationsrepresentingcarusers.TheMinistryofEducationis__3__ofsellingoffschoolplayingfieldsandnotdoingenoughto__4__adequatefacilitiesforphysicaleducationandgames.YoungpeopleinBritainhavebecomecrazyaboutfootball(soccerandrugby),buttoooftenas__5__“couchpotatoes”。Thefoodindustryisblamedforpromotingjunkfoodtoschoolchildrenandnotdoingenoughto__6__downonsugar,fatsandsaltinpreparedfoods.Theindustry,__7__bythecurrentpopularityoftheAtkinslow-carbohydratediet,hasbegunto__8__,butitistryingtoprotectahugemarketandwillneedtodo__9__moreifitisto__10__offincreasedregulation.Japanseemsless__11__sofarbytheproblemofobesity,__12__astheJapanesedietbecomesincreasingly__13__(burgersanddoughnuts)theproblemwillgrow.__14__,JapanesecuisinehasbecomehighlypopularinBritain.ItisseenashealthyinadifferentwayfromtheMediterraneandiet__15__itsemphasisontomatoesandoliveoilcombinedwithredwine.Afairlysmallamountofredwineisnow__16__asbeneficialtotheheart,__17__itsotherencouragingproperties.ButBritainhastodomoreto__18__theproblemsofalcoholism__19__withthebinge-drinkingculture—includingviolenceandvandalism.Limitedconsumptionofalcohol,aslongasitisnot__20__withdriving,isharmlessandpossiblybeneficial.1.[A]stimulate[B]commend[C]promote[D]elevate2.[A]submitting[B]subjecting[C]subordinating[D]surrendering3.[A]charged[B]denounced[C]scolded[D]accused4.[A]assure[B]ensure[C]secure[D]guard5.[A]speculating[B]spectating[C]specializing[D]sightseeing6.[A]fall[B]get[C]cut[D]bring7.[A]stung[B]bitten[C]chewed[D]licked8.[A]retort[B]refute[C]respond[D]resolve9.[A]abundantly[B]considerably[C]extensively[D]principally10.[A]defend[B]beat[C]hold[D]ward11.[A]upset[B]affected[C]effected[D]impressed12.[A]or[B]for[C]but[D]if13.[A]popularized[B]globalized[C]westernized[D]localized14.[A]Accordingly[B]Interestingly[C]Surprisingly[D]Strikingly15.[A]as[B]on[C]but[D]with16.[A]accepted[B]approved[C]assumed[D]acknowledged17.[A]butfor[B]letalone[C]regardlessof[D]muchless18.[A]cope[B]challenge[C]tackle[D]undertake19.[A]matched[B]related[C]united[D]associated20.[A]bonded[B]combined[C]merged[D]incorporated答案1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.D11.B12.C13.C14.B15.D16.A17.B18.C19.D20.B總體分析本文主要介紹了英國(guó)飲食存在的問題。第一至二段指出,英國(guó)政府和食品工業(yè)被指責(zé)導(dǎo)致肥胖患者的增多。第三段指出,一方面日本飲食因日益西化,肥胖問題變得嚴(yán)重;另一方面,日本飲食在英國(guó)很流行,被視為健康飲食。第四段指出適度飲酒對(duì)身體有益,但英國(guó)要應(yīng)付的是與過度引酒相關(guān)的問題。全文翻譯一份最近的議會(huì)報(bào)告指責(zé)政府和食品工業(yè)導(dǎo)致肥胖患者增多。交通部門被指責(zé)在促進(jìn)步行和騎車設(shè)施的發(fā)展方面做得不夠,而且屈從于代表汽車使用者的機(jī)動(dòng)車組織的壓力。教育部被指責(zé)出賣學(xué)校的操場(chǎng),在保證提供用于體育教學(xué)和游戲的充足設(shè)施方面做得不夠。英國(guó)的年輕人為足球和橄欖球而瘋狂,但更多的只是坐在家里看電視的“沙發(fā)土豆”。食品工業(yè)被指控向?qū)W生兜售垃圾食品,在減少熟食中糖、脂肪和鹽含量方面做得不夠。受到目前艾特金斯低碳水化合物飲食潮流的刺激,食品工業(yè)已經(jīng)有所反應(yīng),但是它要努力保護(hù)一個(gè)龐大的市場(chǎng),而且如果要避開日益增多的規(guī)定,它需要做的事情還很多。迄今為止,日本看上去受肥胖問題的影響較小,但是隨著日本人食譜的日益西化(夾餅和油炸圈餅),問題會(huì)變得嚴(yán)重。有趣的是,日式烹飪?cè)谟?guó)很流行。它被看作是有別于地中海飲食的另一種健康飲食,后者著重于西紅柿和橄欖油以及與之相結(jié)合的紅酒。稍飲紅酒現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為有利于心臟,更不用說紅酒其它令人振奮的品性。但是英國(guó)人還需要做許多事情來解決與狂飲文化有關(guān)的酗酒問題——包括暴力和破壞行為。有節(jié)制的酒類消費(fèi),只要不和駕駛行為搭伴,就是無(wú)害的并可能是有益的。五、失眠Chronicinsomniaisamajorpublichealthproblem.Andtoomanypeopleareusing__1__therapies,evenwhilethereareafewtreatmentsthatdowork.MillionsofAmericans__2__awakeatnightcountingsheeporhaveastiffdrinkor__3__anpill,hopingitwillmakethemsleepy.__4__expertsagreeallthatself-medicatingisabadidea,andthecausesofchronicinsomniaremain__5__.Almostathirdofadultshavetroublesleeping,andabout10percenthave__6__ofdaytimeimpairmentthatsignaltrueinsomnia.But__7__thecomplaints,scientistsknowsurprisinglylittleaboutwhatcauseschronicinsomnia,itshealthconsequencesandhowbesttotreatit,apanelofspecialists__8__togetherbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthconcludedWednesday.Thepanelcalled__9__abroadrangeofresearchintoinsomnia,__10__thatifscientistsunderstoodits__11__causes,theycoulddevelopbettertreatments.Most,butnotall,insomniaisthoughtto__12__otherhealthproblems,fromarthritisanddepressiontocardiovasculardisease.Thequestionofteniswhethertheinsomniacamefirstorwasaresultoftheotherdiseasesandhowtroublesleepingin__13__complicatesthoseotherproblems.Otherdiseases__14__,theriskofinsomniaseemstoincreasewithageandtobemore__15__amongwomen,especiallyaftertheir50s.Smoking,caffeineandnumerous__16__drugsalsoaffectsleep.TheNIHisspendingabout$200millionthisyearonsleep-relatedresearch,some__17__tospecificdisordersandothers__18__theunderlyingscientificlawsthatcontrolthenervoussystemofsleep.Theagencywas__19__thepanel‘sreviewbeforedecidingwhatadditionalworkshouldbe__20__atinsomnia.1.[A]unproven[B]unknown[C]improper[D]imperative2.[A]fall[B]lie[C]seem[D]become3.[A]prescribe[B]pop[C]abuse[D]experiment4.[A]And[B]Though[C]Thus[D]But5.[A]peculiar[B]anonymous[C]mysterious[D]unexpected6.[A]signals[B]symptoms[C]signs[D]symbols7.[A]inadditionto[B]exceptfor[C]owingto[D]forall8.[A]pulled[B]collected[C]brought[D]drawn9.[A]on[B]for[C]up[D]in10.[A]noting[B]notifying[C]nosing[D]nominating11.[A]undertaking[B]underlining[C]underlying[D]undermining12.[A]cause[B]accompany[C]follow[D]attend13.[A]short[B]case[C]essence[D]turn14.[A]inside[B]outside[C]aside[D]besides15.[A]common[B]popular[C]frequent[D]regular16.[A]conscription[B]description[C]subscription[D]prescription17.[A]aimed[B]targeted[C]designated[D]designed18.[A]examining[B]inspecting[C]verifying[D]assessing19.[A]conducting[B]awaiting[C]receiving[D]considering20.[A]assigned[B]charged[C]directed[D]attended答案1.A2.B3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.D14.C15.A16.D17.B18.A19.B20.C總體分析本文主要介紹了對(duì)失眠的研究工作。文章第一段指出慢性失眠是一個(gè)重要的公共健康問題,但其致病原因仍是個(gè)迷。第二段介紹了(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所一個(gè)專家小組的結(jié)論,該小組呼吁對(duì)失眠進(jìn)行廣泛的研究。第三段討論了失眠與其他因素,如疾病、年齡、藥物等的關(guān)系。第四段介紹了(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所對(duì)失眠正在進(jìn)行的研究情況。全文翻譯慢性失眠是一個(gè)主要的公共健康問題。而且,太多人正使用未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的治療方法,盡管有些方法確實(shí)是有效的。上百萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人夜里睡不著覺,躺著數(shù)羔羊、喝杯烈酒或吞個(gè)藥片,希望這會(huì)使他們產(chǎn)生困意。然而,專家們一致認(rèn)為,自作主張亂吃藥并不是解決失眠的好方法,導(dǎo)致慢性失眠的原因目前還是一個(gè)謎。幾乎有1/3的成年人存在睡眠障礙,而且大約10%的人有白天功能減退的癥狀,這些癥狀表明他們確實(shí)患上了失眠癥。但是,一個(gè)由(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所召集的專家小組在周三得出這樣的結(jié)論:盡管(社會(huì)上關(guān)于長(zhǎng)期失眠的)抱怨很多,但科學(xué)家們對(duì)長(zhǎng)期失眠的原因,它對(duì)健康的影響以及如何有效地治療都知之甚少。該專家小組呼吁對(duì)失眠癥進(jìn)行廣泛研究,指出如果科學(xué)家們了解了失眠的潛在原因,他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更好的治療方法。很多,但不是所有的失眠癥被認(rèn)為伴隨著其他健康問題產(chǎn)生,從關(guān)節(jié)炎、抑郁到心血管疾病。而問題通常是不知道是先產(chǎn)生失眠,還是失眠是其他疾病的結(jié)果,以及失眠如何又使其他問題變得更加復(fù)雜。撇開其他疾病不說,失眠的可能性隨著年齡的增加而增加,而且在婦女中更加普遍,尤其是50歲以后。吸煙、咖啡因及眾多的處方藥也影響睡眠。(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所今年要花大約2000億美元用于睡眠的相關(guān)研究,其中一些以特定的(睡眠)紊亂為目標(biāo),另外一些觀察控制睡眠神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的潛在科學(xué)規(guī)律。該機(jī)構(gòu)正等待專家小組的評(píng)論以決定對(duì)失眠進(jìn)行的下一步研究工作。六、聽的行為ArecentpollindicatedthathalftheteenagersintheUnitedStatesbelievethatcommunicationbetweenthemandtheirparentsis__1__andfurtherthatoneoftheprimecausesofthisgapis__2__listeningbehavior.Asa(an)__3__inpoint,oneparentbelievedthatherdaughterhadasevere__4__problem.Shewasso__5__thatshetookhertoanaudiologisttohavehereartested.Theaudiologistcarefullytestedbothearsandreportedbacktotheparent:“There‘snothingwrongwithherhearing.She’sjust__6__youout.”Aleadingcauseofthe__7__divorcerate(morethanhalfofallmarriagesendindivorce)isthefailureofhusbandsandwivesto__8__effectively.Theydon‘tlistentoeachother.Neitherperson__9__totheactualmessagesentbytheother.In__10__fashion,politicalscientistsreportthatagrowingnumberofpeoplebelievethattheirelectedand__11__officialsareoutof__12__withtheconstituentstheyaresupposedly__13__.WhyBecausetheydon‘tbelievethattheylistentothem.Infact,itseemsthatsometimesourpoliticiansdon’tevenlistentothemselves.Thefollowingisatruestory:Atanational__14__conferenceheldinAlbuquerquesomeyearsago,thenSenatorJosephMontoyawas__15__acopyofapressreleasebyapressaideshortlybeforehegotupbeforetheaudienceto__16__aspeech.Whenherosetospeak,__17__thehorrorofthepressaideandthe__18__ofhisaudience,Montoyabeganreadingthepressrelease,nothisspeech.Hebegan,“Forimmediaterelease.SenatorJosephM.Montoya,DemocratofNewMexico,lastnighttoldtheNational……”Montoyareadtheentiresixrelease,__19__withthestatementthathe“wasrepeatedly__20__byapplause.”1.[A]scarce[B]little[C]rare[D]poor2.[A]malignant[B]deficient[C]ineffective[D]feeble3.[A]case[B]example[C]lesson[D]suggestion4.[A]audio[B]aural[C]hearing[D]listening5.[A]believing[B]convinced[C]assured[D]doubtless6.[A]turning[B]tuning[C]tucking[D]tugging7.[A]rising[B]arising[C]raising[D]arousing8.[A]exchange[B]interchange[C]encounter[D]interact9.[A]relates[B]refers[C]responds[D]resorts10.[A]like[B]alike[C]likely[D]likewise11.[A]nominated[B]selected[C]appointed[D]supported12.[A]connection[B]reach[C]association[D]touch13.[A]leading[B]representing[C]delegating[D]supporting14.[A]legislative[B]legitimate[C]legalized[D]liberal15.[A]distributed[B]awarded[C]handed[D]submitted16.[A]present[B]publish[C]deliver[D]pursue17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]joy[B]enjoyment[C]amusement[D]delight19.[A]conclude[B]toconclude[C]concluding[D]concluded20.[A]disrupted[B]interfered[C]interrupted[D]stopped答案1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A11.C12.D13.B14.A15.C16.C17.A18.C19.C20.C總體分析本文主要討論了聽行為對(duì)人際交流的影響。文章第一段從父母和子女之間的交流出發(fā),說明兒女不聽父母的話造成了他們之間的隔閡。第二段從婚姻的角度出發(fā),說明夫妻雙方的互不理睬造成交流不暢,從而使離婚率上升。第三段從政治的角度出發(fā),說明政府官員不聆聽選民甚至不在意自己所說的話,造成官民隔閡。例證法是本文采用的主要的論證方法。全文翻譯最近的一項(xiàng)民意測(cè)驗(yàn)顯示:美國(guó)一半的青少年認(rèn)為他們與父母的交流不好,而且造成這種隔閡的一個(gè)首要原因是有不理想的傾聽行為。一個(gè)典型的例子是,一位母親認(rèn)為她女兒有嚴(yán)重的聽力問題。她對(duì)此確信無(wú)疑,于是就帶著女兒去聽覺病矯治專家那兒檢查她的耳朵。專家仔細(xì)檢查了兩只耳朵,然后告訴這位母親說:“她的聽力沒問題,只是不理睬你而已。”離婚率上升(一半以上的婚姻以離婚告終)的一個(gè)首要原因是夫妻間不能有效地交流。他們彼此充耳不聞。兩人對(duì)對(duì)方發(fā)出的確切信息都毫無(wú)反應(yīng)。同樣地,據(jù)政治科學(xué)家報(bào)道,越來越多的人相信他們選舉指派的官員與其本應(yīng)代表的選民失去了聯(lián)系。為什么呢?因?yàn)檫@些人認(rèn)為他們不需要傾聽選民的意見。實(shí)際上,有時(shí)我們的政治家們似乎連自己的聲音都不聽。下面是一個(gè)真實(shí)的例子:在幾年前亞柏克爾克舉行的全國(guó)立法會(huì)議上,一位新聞助理在當(dāng)時(shí)的參議員約瑟夫。蒙圖亞演講前交給了他一份新聞稿。令該新聞助理大吃一驚而使聽眾感到有趣的是,當(dāng)蒙圖亞起來講話時(shí),他讀的不是演講稿而是那份新聞稿。蒙圖亞先生以“即時(shí)新聞稿。新墨西哥州的民主黨參議員約瑟夫。蒙圖亞昨晚在全國(guó)……上說……”開始,讀完了全部的六頁(yè)新聞稿,并以他“不時(shí)被掌聲打斷”結(jié)尾。七、日本鐵路車站的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.ltd,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutoftheprivatizednationa__l__railwaysystem.Inanindustrylackingexcitinggrowth1,itsplantousereal-estateassetsinandaroundtrainstations__2__isdrawinginterest.Inaplancalled“StationRenaissance”thatit__3__inNovember,JREastsaidthatitwould__4__usingitscommercialspacesforshopsandrestaurants,extendingthemto__5__moresuitablefortheinformationage.Itwantstrainstationsaspick-up__6__forsuchgoodsasbooks,flowersandgroceries__7__overtheInternet.Inacountrywherecity__8__dependheavilyontrains__9__commuting,about16millionpeopleadaygotoitstrainstationsanyway,thecompany__10__.So,pickingupcommoditiesattrainstations__11__consumersextratravelandmissedhomedeliveries.JREastalreadyhasbeenusingitsstation__12__storesforthispurpose,butitplanstocreate__13__spacesforthedeliveryofInternetgoods.Thecompanyalsoplanstointroduce__14__cards—knowninJapanasICcardsbecausetheyuseintegratedcircuitfor__15__information__16__trainticketsandcommuterpasses__17__themagneticonesusedtoday,integratingthemintoa/an__18__pass.Thiswillsavethecompanymoney,because__19__forICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagneticsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshouldalso__20__thespaceneededforticketvending.1.[A]perspectives[B]outlooks[C]prospects[D]spectacles2.[A]creatively[B]originally[C]authentically[D]initially3.[A]displayed[B]demonstrated[C]embarked[D]unveiled4.[A]gobeyond[B]setout[C]comearound[D]spreadover5.[A]applications[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances6.[A]districts[B]vicinities[C]resorts[D]locations7.[A]acquired[B]purchased[C]presided[D]attained8.[A]lodgers[B]tenants[C]dwellers[D]boarders9.[A]for[B]in[C]of[D]as10.[A]figures[B]exhibits[C]convinces[D]speculates11.[A]deprives[B]retrieves[C]spares[D]exempts12.[A]conjunction[B]convenience[C]department[D]ornament13.[A]delegated[B]designated[C]devoted[D]dedicated14.[A]clever[B]smart[C]ingenious[D]intelligent15.[A]checking[B]gathering[C]holding[D]accommodating16.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of17.[A]butfor[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan18.[A]unique[B]single[C]unitary[D]only19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners20.[A]reduce[B]narrow[C]dwarf[D]shrink答案1.C2.A3.D4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.A11.C12.B13.D14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A總體分析本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計(jì)劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及好處,即適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的要求,把車站作為網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的物品收取地,這樣既為消費(fèi)者提供了方便,又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計(jì)劃及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。全文翻譯通過國(guó)家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司,正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個(gè)發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè),它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。東日本鐵路在11月份公布的“車站復(fù)興”計(jì)劃中說:它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館,而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購(gòu)物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算,在一個(gè)都市人嚴(yán)重依賴列車作為上下班交通工具的國(guó)度里,每天大約有1600萬(wàn)人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此,在車站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的,但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱為IC卡,因?yàn)樗鼈兝眉呻娐穬?chǔ)存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券,把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金,因?yàn)镮C卡的讀卡機(jī)比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會(huì)減少售票所占用的空間。八、老齡化AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries,inparticular,howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.Andearlyretirementplacesan__1__burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisnoeasysolution,but__2__retirementcouldhelp.Earlyretirementmayseemlikeaworthyindividualgoal,butitisasocially__3__one,andmakesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The__4__reasonisthatmorepeopleareretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe__5__ofthoseinworkfortheirincome.The__6__isworrying.Inthenext50years,lowfertilityratesand__7__lifeexpectancyinOECDcountrieswillcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble__8__size.Publicpensionpayments,whichafford30-80%oftotalretirementincomesinOECDcountries,are__9__torise,onaverage,byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDPandbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.__10__isthepressureonpensionfundsthatthereisadangeroftoday‘sworkersnotgettingthepensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey__11__for.Actionisneeded,__12__simplyaimingtoreducethe__13__(andcost)ofpublicpensions,ortryingto__14__theroleofprivatelyfundedpensionswithinthesystem,thoughnecessarysteps,maybe__15__todealwiththedependencychallenge.Afteryearsof__16__earlyretirementschemestoavoid__17__andhigherunemployment,manygovernmentsarenowlooking__18__persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely,thethinkinggoes,ifwearehealthiernowandjobsarephysicallyless__19__andunemploymentisdown,thenperhapsthe__20__rateshouldriseanew.1.[A]unsolvable[B]additional[C]unsustainable[D]undue2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]detaining[D]hindering3.[A]ultimate[B]unattainable[C]specific[D]expensive4.[A]substantial[B]essential[C]potential[D]controversial5.[A]donating[B]sponsoring[C]subsidizing[D]funding6.[A]outlook[B]outcome[C]outbreak[D]outset7.[A]prolonging[B]expanding[C]soaring[D]rising8.[A]in[B]on[C]by[D]for9.[A]conceived[B]reckoned[C]expected[D]meant10.[A]As[B]Such[C]So[D]It11.[A]shouldpay[B]paying[C]bepaid[D]wouldpay12.[A]but[B]for[C]and[D]thus13.[A]multitude[B]implementation[C]application[D]generosity14.[A]exaggerate[B]augment[C]magnify[D]multiply15.[A]insufficient[B]influential[C]inefficient[D]intrinsic16.[A]advancing[B]previous[C]ahead[D]preceding17.[A]suspensions[B]abundances[C]redundancies[D]discrepancies18.[A]for[B]to[C]about[D]at19.[A]turbulent[B]strenuous[C]compact[D]intricate20.[A]dependency[B]fertility[C]present[D]mortality答案1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.A7.D8.A9.C10.B11.C12.A13.D14.B15.A16.A17.C18.D19.B20.C總體分析本文主要討論了老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家現(xiàn)存養(yǎng)老體系帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第一段指出老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家?guī)淼奶魬?zhàn),并提出推遲退休可能對(duì)解決該問題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養(yǎng)老體系帶來的問題,即越來越多的人早退休而壽命延長(zhǎng),隨著出生率的降低,就會(huì)有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來為他們養(yǎng)老,養(yǎng)老金在國(guó)家財(cái)政中所占的比例增加,成為無(wú)法承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。第三段探討了解決方法,指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量,增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的,許多政府在考慮說服人們晚退休。全文翻譯老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家,尤其是在如何支付未來的公共養(yǎng)

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