大一課件-一下有機化學(xué)ch7alcohol,thiol

OrganicforStudentsofMedicineand大學(xué)化學(xué)III和大學(xué)化學(xué)April15,hydroxylgroup(－OH硫醇：硫原子取，含巰基,mercaptogroup,or

VitaminHH7.1Structure:C、Oareall E2S

↑↑2P↑↑

SP3

↑SP3雜化軌Classification（3伯醇(一級醇根據(jù)官能團所連烴基類型根據(jù)烴基結(jié)構(gòu)

仲醇（二級醇）：R2CHOH叔醇（三級醇）：R3COH飽和醇：CH3CH2CH2OH不飽和醇： 芳香醇：

一元醇：CH3CH2OH根據(jù)羥基數(shù)目

二元醇：

CH

(丙三醇1）Commonalkyl+2）IUPACname

Selectthelongestcontinuouscarbonchainthatcontainsthe–OHgroup.Dropthe–eendingofthecorrespondingalkaneandreplaceitbythesuffix–ol.Indicatethepositionofthe-OHalongthechainbythesmallestpossible

3-methyl-5-hexen-2-2-

Diols:alkanediolTriols:alkanetriol OHOHOHethyleneglycol

HOHOH HOHPhysical

Hydrogen H R

can 親脂基（疏水基

bondwithChemical C

氧化、脫 酸性（與活潑金屬作用作親核試劑（酯化反應(yīng)H2O+ NaOH+?HowdoyouAlcoholsasacids:Reactionwithactivemetals.(Na,K,Mg)ROHROH+RONa1/H2ReactionReactionRONaRONa HROH NaOH性HC CH 性

Reactionwithinorganicoxyacids:InorganicEsters和有機酸（以后討論）成酯。C3C2H+HSH C3C2OS2H+O +HOS2OH

OCH3減壓蒸餾CHOSO +H+3 +3or 油glyceryltrinitrateor

+3

濃硫 烈

3H2OAnginapectoris(ischaemicheartdisease) (IsopentylAlkyl3n-OH

P O

烷基一磷酸 烷基二磷酸 烷基三磷酸 P P

O HOH llCCC=HC3H-OOllCCC=HC3H-OOOC許多磷酸酯是劇毒 ， Dehydrationof3Formationofalkenes.Dehydrationof

+CC

+

O

E1

Alkene+ 1ata

morestableC-morestable

C-ObeySaytzeffCH3CHC

CH3CH3CH

CH2CHCH2CHOH

-H2OH+?CH=CHCH2CH3?H+4

2

–+2

CH

+H 2 2

+ CFormationofethers2 ROR+H2醚 +140 主要副反應(yīng)：分子內(nèi)脫水成烯烴OxidationofHH

RCHO(醛 RCO(氧化劑：KMn、H2CO4、KO2Oa2C2O7/2SO4、4 HHowdoyoustopattheOStop Stop

NN

CrOchromium Collins’

ORC-R-CH-

BiologicaloxidationofTheoxidativeprocessofalcoholsinlivingorganismstakesplaceintheliver.Theethanolistransformedbytheliverfirsttoacetaldehydeandimmedia thereaftertoaceticacid.Ourbodiescantolerateethanol,uptoacertaindose.Anyexcessalcoholcancauseintoxication.enzyme

CH3C- OCH3C- Acetic

enzyme(2)-UsedbythebodyCH

enzymeOH+

CHC- Antabuse-enzyme(2)complex

Noenzyme(2)oxidizedViolentColourreaction(propertyof1,2-酸性及螯合物的形成多元醇的酸性比一元醇的酸性ROH+NaOH RONa+O

+2

O

＋ CH

+2

CH

絳藍色 ＋

深藍色溶Thiolsandrelated ogsofalcohols,R-SH,areknownasthiols,thioalcohols,ormercaptans.Theprefixthio-indicatessulfur.The–SHgroupiscalledasulfhydrylgroup. ethanethiolorWeakH3CCH2 + H3CCH2 +Reactionswithheavymetalions(Hg2+,Pb2+,Cu2+,Ag+) 2

+2

+R-

As

+2,3-

[O] SH

[H] disulfide

H Hydrogenbonding

IUPACDehydrationof