高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：完成時(shí)態(tài)講義（素材）

完成時(shí)態(tài)(一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)延續(xù)事件延續(xù)事件：一個(gè)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)要延續(xù)與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用重復(fù)事件重復(fù)事件：站在現(xiàn)在角度的回顧到目前為止的一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)，某一活動(dòng)或時(shí)間重復(fù)發(fā)生了多次。例句1：TheteachersthatIhavevaluedandenjoyedmostofall,though,havebeentheteacherswhotaughtmeaboutlove.例句2：InalltheworkIhavedoneaspresident,everydecisionIhavemade,everyexecutiveactionIhavetaken,every:billIhaveproposedandsigned,I'vetriedtogiveallAmericansthetoolsandconditionstobuildthefutureofourdreams,inagoodsociety,withastrongeconomy,acleanerenvironment,andafreer,safer,moreprosperousworld.例句3：I’vebeeninCanadaforsixmonths.I’vemetmanynewfriends.重復(fù)事件與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系1.可重復(fù)性是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一條根本原則Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Hisfatherhasbeendead.Hisfatherisdead.Hisfatherhasdied.2.可重復(fù)性原則與將來(lái)時(shí)間有關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以說(shuō)是以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為參照來(lái)談一個(gè)可以持續(xù)或重復(fù)到將來(lái)的事件。Howmanypeoplehaveenteredfortherace?Howmanypeopleenteredfortherace?、3.可重復(fù)性原則與過(guò)去時(shí)間Iwasabsentfourtimeslastsemester.Ihavebeenabsenttwicethissemester.4.可重復(fù)性原則與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間Ihaven’tseenhimthismorning.Ididn’tseehimthismorning.5.可重復(fù)性原則與一般時(shí)間Ihavegottenupatfiveo’clockthismorning.(錯(cuò)誤）Ihavegottenupatfiveo’clockinthemorning.（正確）6.可重復(fù)性原則與去世的人的情況MarilynMonroestarredinmanymovies.Shediedin1962.JuliaRobertshavestarredinmanyAmericanmovies.JuliaRobertsstarredinmanyAmericanmovies.三、單一事件現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示影響現(xiàn)在的單一事件ASurpriseMr.Oddsworksinabank,andlivesonhisown.Theonlyfamilyhehasisinthenexttown:hissisterlivestherewithherhusband,andherson,Mark.Mr.Oddsdoesnotseehissister,orherfamily,fromoneyeartothenext,buthesendstheChristmascards,andhehasnotforgottenoneofMark’sseventeenbirthdays.LastweekMr.Oddshadquiteasurprise.Hedrovehomefromthebankattheusualtime,drivingneithertooslowlynortoofast;heparkedhiscarwherehealwaysparkedit,outofthewayofothercars,andhewentinsidetomakehiseveningmeal.Straightaway,therewasaknockatthedoor.Mr.Oddsopenedthedoor,tofindapolicemanstandingonthedoor-step.“WhathaveIdonewrong?”Mr.Oddsaskedhimself.“HaveIdrivenonthewrongsideoftheroad?Hastherebeensometroubleatthebank?HaveIforgottentopayanimportantbill?”“Hello,Uncle,”saidthepoliceman.“MynameisMark.”對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，很多時(shí)候不是從句子本身可以得到的，而是很大程度上依賴(lài)于語(yǔ)境過(guò)去事件過(guò)去事件表示到目前為止的過(guò)去任何某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事件，有較近和較遠(yuǎn)之分。單一事件的過(guò)去可以表示最近發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也能表示在較遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，具體要看上下文語(yǔ)境。A:Hasthepostmanleftanynewspapers?B:Yes,hedidsixmonthsago.B:Yes,hedidthismorning.Hehasfalleninlove,andthat’swhyhe’sbecomingexcited.Haveyouaskedyourlittlebrothertodothedishes?你讓你弟弟刷碗了嗎？你有沒(méi)有讓你弟弟刷過(guò)碗？新聞熱點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)搭配：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一般過(guò)去時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)提起一個(gè)新聞話(huà)題，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)繼續(xù)詳談內(nèi)容。SaddamHusseinhasbeencapturedaliveinhishometownofTikrit,TheU.S.militarysaidSundayDec.14,2003.Aforceof600AmericansoldierscapturedSaddamHusseininaraidonSaturdaynightonanisolatedfarm....“Superman”actorChristopherReeve,paralyzedwhenhefellfromahorsenineyearsago,hasdiedinaNewYorkhospitalofheartfailure,hispublicistsaidonOctober11,2004.Reeve,52wentintoacomaonSaturdaywhenhesufferedaheartattackduringtreatmentforaninfectedpressurewoundanddiedonSundayafternoonwithoutregainingconsciousness.單一事件與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系1.單一事件完成時(shí)的肯定句不與持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Ihavehadthispairofshoesforayear.-----Ihavebought.....(錯(cuò))2.單一事件完成時(shí)的否定句表示狀態(tài)意義，可以和持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Abeggarwalkeduptoawell-dressedwomanandsaid,“Ihaven’teatenanythinginfourdays.”Shelookedathimandsaid,“IwishIhadyourwillpower.”3.單一事件完成時(shí)常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?B:No,thanks.I’vejusthaddinner.四、時(shí)間連詞since的特殊用法1.since+短暫動(dòng)詞IhaveworkedinthiscompanysinceIleftschool.IhaveworkedinthiscompanysinceIhaveleftschool.Since后接短暫動(dòng)詞，用一般過(guò)去式或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可，意思相同，都表示從句動(dòng)作“結(jié)束”以來(lái)，主句活動(dòng)在持續(xù)。2.since+延續(xù)動(dòng)詞It’sbeenthreeyearssinceIworkedinthiscompany.It’sbeenthreeyearssinceIhaveworkedinthiscompany.Since后接短暫動(dòng)詞，用一般過(guò)去式或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可，意思不同，若用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示從句動(dòng)作“結(jié)束”以來(lái)，主句活動(dòng)在繼續(xù)；若用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從句動(dòng)作“開(kāi)始”以來(lái)，主句活動(dòng)在持續(xù)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.在“過(guò)去”回顧“更遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去”過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)不能獨(dú)立使用的時(shí)態(tài)，必須依附于一個(gè)在上下文中出現(xiàn)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)。ThisWasMyMotherShewas82andlivinginKeolukwhen,unaccountably,sheinsisteduponattendingaconventionofoldsettlersoftheMississippiValley.Allthewaythere,anditwassomedistance,shewasyoungagainwithexcitementandeagerness.AtthehotelsheaskedimmediatelyforDr.Barrett,ofSt.Louis.Hehadleftforhomethatmorningandwouldnotbeback,shewastold.Sheturnedaway,thefireallgonefromher,andaskedtogohome.Oncethereshesatsilentandthinkingformanydays,thentoldusthatwhenshewas18shehadlovedayoungmedicalstudentwithallherheart.Therewasamisunderstandingandheleftthecountry;shehadimmediatelymarried,toshowhimthatshedidmotcare.Shehadneverseenhimsinceandthenshehadreadinanewspaperthathewasgoingtoattendtheoldsettlers’convention.“Onlythreehoursbeforewereachedthathotelhehadbeenthere,”shemourned.Shehadkeptthatpatheticburdeninherheart64yearswithoutanyofussuspectingit.Beforetheyearwasout,hermemorybegantofail.Shewouldwriteletterstoschool-mateswhohadbeendead40yearsandwonderwhytheyneveranswered.Fouryearslatershedied.2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示延續(xù)、重復(fù)和單一事件表示在過(guò)去之前的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻仍在繼續(xù)。IhadstayedinAmericafortwoyearswhenhemovedhere.WehadstudiedEnglishforsixyearswhenweent