抓住機遇開拓創(chuàng)新努力提高國土資源對可持續(xù)發(fā)展保障能力

中國國土資源管理與可持續(xù)發(fā)展ManagementandSustainableDevelopmentofChina’sLandandResources中華人民共和國國土資源部DepartmentofPlanningoftheMinistryofLandandResources,China一、中國國土資源基本形勢TheBasicSituationofChina’sLandandResources（一）中國國土資源狀況ThestatusofChina’sLandandResource一、中國國土資源基本形勢TheBasicSituationofChina’sLandandResources二、中國國土資源管理體系TheManagementSystemofChina’sLandandResources三、中國國土資源管理工作現(xiàn)狀和未來ThePresentSituationandtheFutureofLandandResourcesManagementofChina內容提綱OutlineofPresentation中國位于亞洲東部，陸地面積960萬km2，內海和邊海水域面積約470多萬km2。有37個省級行政區(qū)。2006年，國內生產(chǎn)總值210871億元，總人口131448萬人。ChinaissituatedattheeastoftheAsia.Ithasalandareaof9,600,000km2.Itsinnerandborderseawaterareaisabout4,700,000km2.Its37provincialadministrationregions.In2006,itsgrossdomesticproductwasRMB21.0871trillionYuan,withthepopulationof1,314,480,000persons.中國自然資源在總體上呈現(xiàn)出四個特點：資源總量大，類型齊全；人均資源占有量少；資源空間分布不均衡，資源組合結構不匹配；資源開發(fā)難度大，節(jié)約集約程度不高。China’snaturalresourcesgenerallyhasfourcharacteristics:bigvolumeofthetotalresourcewithfulltypes,smallamountofpermanresourceoccupancy,unbalancedspatialdistributionofresourcesandmismatchingofresourcecombinationstructureaswellasdifficultyofbeingdeveloped.土地資源特點一：總量大，人均占有量小。

Thefirstcharacteristicsoflandresource:bigtotalvolumewithsmalloccupancy.

中國陸地面積和耕地面積都位居世界第3，耕地占世界耕地的9.3%；多年生牧場面積占世界11.5%，居世界第1。2006年，全國耕地面積12177.59萬公頃，人均耕地0.093公頃，不到世界平均水平的40%。Its

cultivablelandareaaccountsfor9.3%oftheworld,rankingthethirdintheworld.Itsperennialpasturearea

accountsfor11.5%ofthatoftheworld,rankingthefirstintheworld.By2006,thecultivatedlandsofthewholecountrywas121,775,900hectares,buttherewasonly0.093hectarepermancultivatedland,evenlessthan40%oftheworld’saveragelevel.

2006年全國土地利用theland-useofChinain200625.952.11.43人均耕地（畝）permancultivatedland（mu）(2005year)加拿大Canada俄羅斯Russia美國American印度India德國German中國China土地資源特點點二：耕地總體質量量不高。TheSecondlycharacteristicsoflandresource:thegeneralqualityofthecultivatedareawaspoor.高產(chǎn)田僅占28%，中產(chǎn)田為40%，低產(chǎn)田為32%。優(yōu)質耕地占占用過快，耕耕地污染退化化比較嚴重，，全國每年因因水土流失、、土壤鹽堿化化和沙化損失失的耕地仍在在增加。Highyieldedfieldaccountedforonly28%,mediumyieldedfieldfor40%andlowyieldedfieldaccountedfor32%.Goodqualitycultivatedlandwasoccupiedtoofast,resultinginabitseriousrecessionduetopollutionofcultivatedland.Eachyear,thelossofcultivatedlandinthecountryduetosoilerosion,salinizationanddesertificationisstillincreasing.2001-2006年全國災毀耕耕地情況Thelossofcultivatedlandareaduetonaturaldisasters2001-2006year土地資源特點點三：土地資源區(qū)域域差異顯著。。TheThirdlycharacteristicsoflandresource:theregionaldifferenceoflandresources.宜農(nóng)、宜林土土地主要分布布于東部季風風區(qū)，80%以上的草地分分布在西北干干旱區(qū)。Landssuitableforagricultureandforestaremainlydistributedovertheeastseasonalwindareas.Over80%ofgrasslandsaredistributedoverthenorthwesterndryareas.土地資源特點點四：可供開發(fā)利用用的土地面積積小Thefourthcharacteristicsoflandresource:thedevelopableandapplicablelandareaissmall耕地后備資源源不足，僅1億畝左右。thecultivatedbackuplandresourceisinsufficient(onlyabout100,000,000mu).中國礦產(chǎn)資源源總量豐富，，但人均資源源量少；資源源稟賦較差，，利用難度大大。Chinaisrichintotalvolumeofmineralresources，Butthepermanresourcevolumeislittle；Theresourcesarenotofnaturalendowment,withdifficultyofutilization。中國礦產(chǎn)資源源總量約占世世界的12%，居世界第3位；人均資源源量僅為世界界水平的58%，居世界第53位，主要礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)探明人均儲儲量不到世界界平均水平的的1/4。ThetotalvolumeofmineralresourcesofChinaaccountsforabout12%ofthatoftheworld,rankingthethirdintheworld.thepermanresourcevolumeisonlyat58%oftheworld’slevel,ranking53intheworld.Themajorprovenpermandepositofmineralresourcesisnotupto1/4oftheaverageworldlevel.礦物能源結構構不良，優(yōu)質質能源少。大大型礦床和容容易選冶的礦礦產(chǎn)地少，中中小礦和共生生伴生礦多。。探明礦產(chǎn)中中，1/3在現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟技技術條件下難難利用。Themineralenergyisofpoorstructure,lackofgoodqualityenergy.Large-sizedmineralbedsandeasyselectingandsmeltingminerallandsarelittle,buttherearemanymedium-sizedandparagenousandassociatedmines.Amongtheprovenminerals,1/3areverydifficulttoutilizeunderexistingeconomicandtechnicalconditions.已探明儲量的的159種礦產(chǎn)分類表表159mineralswithidentifiedresourcesandreservesinChinain2006種類kind名稱name能源礦產(chǎn)（10種)10energyminerals煤、石油、天然氣、煤層氣、天然瀝青、油頁巖、石煤、鈾、釷、地熱金屬礦產(chǎn)（54種）54metallicminerals鐵、錳、鉻、釩、鈦、銅、鉛、鋅、鋁土、鎂、鎳、鈷、鎢、錫、鉍、鉬、汞、銻、鉑族金屬（鉑、鈀、銥、銠、鋨、釕）、金、銀、鈮、鉭、鈹、鋰、鋯、鍶、銣、銫、釔、鏑、鈰、鑭、鐠、釹、釤、銪、鍺、鎵、銦、鉈、錸、鎘等非金屬礦產(chǎn)（92種）92nonmetallicminerals金剛石、石墨、硫鐵礦、透輝石、明礬石、重晶石、芒硝、菱鎂礦、水泥灰?guī)r、砂巖、硅藻土、高嶺土、膨潤土、耐火粘土、碘、溴、砷、硼礦、磷礦、稀土、硫、鉀、石棉、石膏、滑石、石材、硅灰石、玻璃硅質原料、水晶、云母、剛玉等其他水氣礦產(chǎn)（3種）mineralwater,groundwaterandcarbondioxidegas礦泉水、地下水、二氧化碳氣中國海洋資源源種類繁多。。其中，海洋洋石油資源量量約240億噸，天然氣氣資源量14萬億立方米，，濱海砂礦資資源儲量31億噸，海洋可可再生能源理理論蘊藏量6.3億千瓦，水深深0至15米的淺海面積積12.4萬平方千米。。Chinahasmanytypesofmarineresources.Amongthem,theamountofmarinepetroleumresourcesisabout24billiontons,thatofnaturalgasresourcesisabout14trillionm3,coastalsandmineralresourcesdepositis3.1billiontonsandthetheoreticaloceanreproducibleenergydepositisabout0.63billionkilowatts,theshallowseaareawithwaterdepthfrom0to15misabout124thousandkm2.（二）國土資資源在促進經(jīng)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展展中發(fā)揮了重重要作用Thelandandresourcesplayedanimportantroleinpromotingdevelopmentofeconomicsociety嚴格保護耕地地，對保障國國家糧食安全全和維護社會會穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了了重要作用。。耕地為中國國農(nóng)民提供了了60%的經(jīng)濟收入和和60～80%的生活必需品品。土地供應應有力支持了了城鄉(xiāng)建設，，保證了國家家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的的需要。Strictlyprotectingcultivatedlandhasplayedanimportantroleinguaranteeingnationalgrainsafetyandsafeguardingsocialstability.ThecultivatedlandinChinaprovidesfarmers40to60%ofeconomicincomesand60to80%oflifenecessities.Thelandsupplyhasstronglysupportedtheurbanandruralconstructionandguaranteedtheneedofnationaleconomicdevelopment.礦產(chǎn)資源是經(jīng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展重要要的物質基礎礎。中國90%左右的能源、、80%以上的工業(yè)原原材料、70%以上的農(nóng)業(yè)生生產(chǎn)資料和30%以上的生活用用水來自礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源，有力力地支持了國國民經(jīng)濟和社社會發(fā)展。Themineralresourceisanimportantmaterialbaseofeconomicdevelopment.About90%ofChina’senergy,over80%ofindustrialrawmaterial,over70%ofagriculturalproductionmaterialandover30%oflivingwatercomefrommineralresourcesthathasstronglysupportedthenationaleconomyandsocialdevelopment.海洋日益成為為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)發(fā)展的重要空空間和資源寶寶庫，海洋資資源在中國經(jīng)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展展中的作用日日益顯著，海海洋經(jīng)濟已成成為新的經(jīng)濟濟增長點。Theoceanisincreasinglybecomingtheimportantspaceandresourcetreasure-houseforthedevelopmentofeconomicsociety.TheroleofoceanresourcesindevelopmentofChina’’seconomicsocietyincreasinglyobviousandthemarineeconomyhasbecometheneweconomicgrowthpoint.ThetotaloutputvalueofChina’smainmarineindustriesThetotaloutputvalueandtheratioofaddedvaluetoGDP（三）土地、、礦產(chǎn)資源與與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)發(fā)展的矛盾加加劇Thecontradictionbetweenland,mineralresourcesandeconomicdevelopmentisagravated土地方面，耕耕地面積大量量減少。土地地粗放利用的的現(xiàn)象也比較較普遍，進一一步加劇了土土地供求矛盾盾。thecultivatedlandareagreatlydecreased.Thephenomenonofextensiveutilizationoflandalsoexistedwidely,whichfurtherdeterioratedthecontradictionbetweenthesupplyanddemandoftheland.2001-2006年全國耕地面面積變化情況況Thechangingofcultivatedlandarea2001-2006year7年內，全國國凈減少耕地地上億畝。礦產(chǎn)供需矛盾盾進一步加劇劇。礦產(chǎn)資源源開發(fā)利用粗粗放和破壞浪浪費嚴重。礦礦山“小、散散、多”問題題突出，礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源總回收收率、共伴生生礦的利用率率低。Intheaspectofmineralresources,thecontradictionbetweensupplyanddemandofmineralshasbeenfurtherworsened.Thephenomenonofextensivedevelopmentandutilization,sabotageandwasteofmineralresourceswasworsening.Theproblemsof“small,disperseandexcessive”minesstoodout.Thetotalrecoveryratioandavailabilityofcommonassociatedmineralsofmineralresourcewerelow.石油生產(chǎn)與消消費狀況theoutputandconsumptionofoilinChina1990-2006礦產(chǎn)品進出口口總額China’’stotaltradevolumeofmineralcommodities海洋資源開發(fā)發(fā)利用程度還還不高，海洋洋調查勘探程程度低，海洋洋資源開發(fā)過過度與不足并并存，近岸海海域污染和海海洋災害損失失嚴重。Thelevelofexploitationanduseofmarineresourceswerestillnothighwhilethemarinesurveylevelwasstilllow.Theoverexploitationandlackofexploitationofmarineresourcescoexist.Theoff-shoreseawaterareaswereseriouslypollutedandseriouslosswassufferedfrommarinedisasters.二、中國國土土資源管理體體系TheManagementSystemofChina’’sLandandResources（一）國土資資源部的管理理職能TheManagementFunctionofMinistryofLandandResourcesofChina中國國土資源源部組建于1998年，主要職能能是：土地資資源、礦產(chǎn)資資源、海洋資資源等自然資資源的規(guī)劃、、管理、保護護與合理利用用。TheMinistryofLandandResourcesofChinawassetupin1998,ThemajorfunctionofMinistryofLandandResourcesis:planning,management,protectionandrationalutilizationofnaturalresourcessuchasland,mineralandmarineresources.國土資源部的的主要職責包包括12項：TheMinistryofLandandResourceshasfollowing12majorresponsibilities:1.擬定有關法律律法規(guī)，發(fā)布布土地資源、、礦產(chǎn)資源、、海洋資源等等自然資源管管理的規(guī)章；；研究擬定管管理、保護與與合理利用土土地資源、礦礦產(chǎn)資源、海海洋資源政策策；制訂土地地資源、礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源、海洋洋資源管理的的技術標準、、規(guī)程、規(guī)范范和辦法。Toenactrelevantlawsandregulationsandpromulgatetherulesgoverningthemanagementofnaturalresourcessuchasland,mineralandmarineresourcestodeveloppoliciesregardingthemanagement,protectionandrationalutilizationofland,mineralandmarineresources;toformulatethetechnicalcriteria,rules,standardsandmeasuresforland,mineralandmarineresources;2.組織編制和實實施國土規(guī)劃劃、土地利用用總體規(guī)劃和和其他專項規(guī)規(guī)劃；參與報報國務院審批批的城市總體體規(guī)劃的審核核，指導、審審核地方土地地利用總體規(guī)規(guī)劃；組織礦礦產(chǎn)資源、海海洋資源的調調查評價，編編制礦產(chǎn)資源源和海洋資源源保護與合理理利用規(guī)劃、、地質勘查規(guī)規(guī)劃、地質災災害防治和地地質遺跡保護護規(guī)劃。Tocompileandimplementthenationalcomprehensiveplanningforlandandresources,overallplanforlanduseandotherspecificplans;toparticipateintheexaminationandverificationofurbanoverallplanssubmittedtotheStateCouncilforapproval,instructandverifylocaloverallplansforlanduse;toorganizethesurveyandevaluationofmineralandmarineresources;todevelopplansfortheprotectionandrationalutilizationofmineralandmarineresources,forgeologicalsurvey,forthepreventionandmitigationofgeologicalhazardsandfortheprotectionofgeologicalremains;3.監(jiān)督檢查各級級國土資源主主管部門行政政執(zhí)法和土地地、礦產(chǎn)、海海洋資源規(guī)劃劃執(zhí)行情況；；依法保護土土地、礦產(chǎn)、、海洋資源所所有者和使用用者的合法權權益，承辦并并組織調處重重大權屬糾紛紛，查處重大大違法案件。。Tosuperviseandinspectthelawenforcementofthedepartmentsforlandandresourcesmanagementatvariouslevelsandtheimplementationofplansforland,mineralandmarineresources;toprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsoftheownersandusersofland,mineralandmarineresourcesaccordingtothelaw,toundertakeandorganizethearbitrationofmajordisputesoverrightsandownershipandtheinvestigationofmajorlaw-breakingcases;Todevelopandimplementpoliciesonspecialprotectionofcultivatedlandandencouragingthedevelopmentofcultivatedland;toenforcethecontroloverthedifferentpurposesonagriculturalland;toorganizetheprotectionofcapitalfarmland;toinstructthedevelopmentofunusedlandandcultivatedland,thelandrevitalizationandreclamationandsupervisethedevelopmentofcultivatedland,soastoensuretheincreaseofcultivatedlandwithoutanydecrease.4.擬定實施耕耕地特殊保保護和鼓勵勵耕地開發(fā)發(fā)政策，實實施農(nóng)地用用途管制，，組織基本本農(nóng)田保護護，指導未未利用土地地開發(fā)、土土地整理、、土地復墾墾和開發(fā)耕耕地的監(jiān)督督工作，確確保耕地面面積只能增增加、不能能減少。5.制訂地籍管管理辦法，，組織土地地資源凋查查、地藉調調查、土地地統(tǒng)計和動動態(tài)監(jiān)測；；指導土地地確權、城城鄉(xiāng)地籍、、土地定級級和登記等等工作。Toformulatecadastralmanagementregulation;toorganizelandandresourcessurvey,cadastralsurvey,landstatisticsanddynamicmonitoring;toinstructtheworksonlandtitles,urbanandrurallandrecording,landgradingandregistration;6.擬定并按規(guī)規(guī)定組織實實施土地使使用權出讓讓、租賃、、作價出資資、轉讓、、交易和政政府收購管管理辦法，，制訂國有有土地劃撥撥使用目錄錄指南和鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）村村用地管理理辦法，指指導農(nóng)村集集體非農(nóng)土土地使用權權的流轉管管理。Todevelopandorganizetoimplementtheregulationsfortheassignment,lease,evaluation,transfer,transactionandgovernmentalpurchasingoftherighttousetheland;toworkoutcatalogueguidelinefortheallocationofthestate-ownedlandandmanagementmeasuresonthelandforvillagesandtownshipsusage,toinstructthetransferofrighttousenon-agriculturallandownedbyruralcollectives.7.指導基準地地價、標定定地價評測測，審定評評估機構從從事土地評評估的資格格，確認土土地使用權權價格。承承擔報國務務院審批的的各類用地地的審查報報批工作。。Toadministratetheevaluationofreferenceandstandardlandprices,verifyandassessthequalificationoforganizationsengaginginlandevaluationandappraisal,confirmthepriceofland-useright;toundertaketheverificationandapprovalofapplicationsforvariouslandutilizationsubmittedtoStateCouncilforapproval.8.依法管理礦礦產(chǎn)資源探探礦權、采采礦權的審審批登記發(fā)發(fā)證和轉讓讓審批登記記；依法審審批對外合合作區(qū)塊；；承擔礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源儲量量管理工作作，管理地地質資料匯匯交；Toadministertheapproval,registrationandlicensingoftherightstoexploreandtominethemineralresourcesandtherightstotransferthemaccordingtothelaw;toverifyandapprovetheblocksforcooperationwithforeigninvestmentaccordingtolaw;toundertakethemanagementofmineralresourcereservesandthecollectionandcompilationofgeologicaldata;9.組織監(jiān)測、、防治地質質災害和保保護地質遺遺跡；依法法管理水文文地質、工工程地質、、環(huán)境地質質勘查和評評價工作。。Toorganizethemonitoringpreventionandmitigationofgeologicaldisastersandtheprotectionofgeologicalremains;tosupervisethehydrogeological,engineeringandenvironmentalgeologicalexplorationsandevaluationsaccordingtolaw;10.安排并監(jiān)督督檢查國家家財政撥給給的地勘費費和國家財財政撥給的的其他資金金。Toarrange,superviseandinspecttheuseofgeologicalexplorationfundsallocatedbythestateandotherfundsallocatedthroughstatefinance.11.組織開展土土地資源、、礦產(chǎn)資源源、海洋資資源的對外外合作與交交流。Toorganizeandcarryoutinternationalcooperationandexperienceexchangeonland,mineralandmarineresources.12.承辦國務院院交辦的其其他事項。。TofulfillotherdutiesassignedbytheStateCouncil.（二）國土土資源管理理制度ManagementSystemofLandandResources當前中國國國土資源管管理制度的的核心是土土地資源管管理和礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源管理理。Presently,thecoreofmanagementsystemoflandandresourcesofChinaisthelandandmineralresourcesmanagement.土地資源管管理的基本本制度：中中國實行土土地社會主主義公有制制，即全民民所有制和和勞動群眾眾集體所有有制。實行行土地有償償使用、土土地用途管管制、農(nóng)用用地轉用、、建設用地地統(tǒng)一供應應制度。Thecontentofthefundamentalsystemonlandresourcemanagementis:Chinaimplementssocialistpublicownership,namely,theownershipbythewholepeopleandthecollectiveownershipofmasslaborers.Sheenforcessystemsofcompensableuseandutilizationcontrolofland,usagetransferofagriculturallandandunitivelysupplyofconstructionland．形成了土地地利用總體體規(guī)劃、土土地利用年年度計劃、、農(nóng)用地轉轉用和土地地征收審批批、土地執(zhí)執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和和國家土地地總督察等等一系列具具體的管理理制度?！猣ormaseriesofmanagementsystemssuchasthecomprehensiveandannualplansforlandutilization,usagetransferofagriculturallandandexpropriationandapprovalofland,supervisiononlawenforcementandnationallandgeneralsupervision.◆土地利用總總體規(guī)劃是是城鄉(xiāng)建設設、土地管管理的綱領領性文件，，是加強宏宏觀調控、、發(fā)揮市場場配置土地地資源基礎礎性作用的的重要前提提，是實行行土地用途途管制、落落實最嚴格格的土地管管理制度的的基本手段段。thecomprehensiveplansoflandutilizationistheprogrammaticdocumentforurbanandruralconstructionandlandmanagement,theimportantpremiseforstrengtheningmacroregulationandcontrolandplayingthebasicroleofmarketconfigurationoflandresourcesandthemeansforimplementingland-usecontrolandputtingineffectthemoststrictestlandmanagementsystem.◆土地利用年年度計劃是是國家對計計劃年度農(nóng)農(nóng)用地轉用用量、土地地開發(fā)整理理補充耕地地量和耕地地保有量的的具體安排排，它既是是實施土地地利用總體體規(guī)劃的重重要手段，，又是用地地審批的重重要依據(jù)。。Theannualplanforlanduseisthepracticalarrangementoftheamountofannualtransferredvolumeofagriculturalland,amountofthelandexploitation,arrangementandsupplementationofcultivatedlandandtheamountofretainedcultivatedland.Thisplanactsasnotonlyanimportantmeanstoenforcecomprehensivelandplans,butalsotheimportantbasisforlanduseverificationandapproval.◆農(nóng)用地轉用用和土地征征收審批是是土地利用用總體規(guī)劃劃和土地利利用年度計計劃得以落落實的關鍵鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是是土地供應應的“閘門門”。Theverificationandapprovalofusagetransferofagriculturallandandexpropriationoflandisthekeylinkthatthecomprehensiveplanfortheverificationandapprovaloftransferofagriculturallandandlandexpropriationandtheannualplanforlanduse.Itisalsothe“gatevalve”oflandsupply.◆土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)監(jiān)察和國家家土地總督督察是土地地政策得以以貫徹落實實的重要保保障。Thelawenforcingpoliceforthelandandnationallandgeneralsupervisoristheimportantguaranteeforimplementinglandpolicy.礦產(chǎn)資源管管理基本制制度內容：：國家對礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源的基基本方針是是堅持“在在保護中開開發(fā)，在開開發(fā)中保護護”的總原原則；執(zhí)行行對礦產(chǎn)資資源的勘查查、開采實實行統(tǒng)一規(guī)規(guī)劃、合理理布局、綜綜合勘查、、合理開采采和綜合利利用的方針針；實施對對礦產(chǎn)資源源嚴而又嚴嚴的管理制制度。Thecontentofbasicsystemformanagementofmineralresources:thebasicpolicyofthestateformineralresourcesistokeepthegeneralprincipleof““seekingdevelopmentinprotectionwhileentreatingprotectionindevelopment”;toimplementthepolicyofunitizeplanningofexplorationandexploitation,rationalarrangement,comprehensivesurvey,rationalminingandcomprehensiveutilizationofmineralresources;toimplementmoreandmorestrictmanagementsystem.礦產(chǎn)資源屬屬于國家所所有，由國國務院行使使國家對礦礦產(chǎn)資源的的所有權，，這是中國國制定礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源管理理制度的基基礎。所有有權、使用用權分離是是制定管理理制度的原原則。礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)資源的使使用權分為為探礦權和和采礦權。。國家對礦礦產(chǎn)資源實實行統(tǒng)一規(guī)規(guī)劃管理。。Mineralresourcesbelongtothestate,theownershipofwhichistobeexercisedbytheStateCouncil.ThisisthebasisofmineralresourcesmanagementsystemestablishedbyChina.Separatingtheservitudefromtheownershipistheprincipleofdevelopingmanagementsystem.Theservitudeofmineralresourcesisdividedasprospectingrightandminingright.Thestatepracticestheunitiveplanningmanagement.（三）當前國土資資源管理工工作重點TheStressofCurrentLandandResourcesManagement第一，加強強土地管理理特別是耕耕地保護工工作，實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)土地資源源永續(xù)利用用。Thefirstistostrengthenthelandmanagement,especiallytheprotectionofcultivatedlandandrealizethepermanentandcontinuousutilizationoflandrecourses;第二，加強強國土資源源的調查評評價和科學學規(guī)劃，為為國民經(jīng)濟濟發(fā)展作出出貢獻。Thesecondistoenhanceinvestigativeassessmentandscientificplanningoflandandresourcesandmakecontributionstonationaleconomicdevelopment.第三，加強強國土資源源信息系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)建設，實實現(xiàn)信息服服務社會化化。Thethirdistostrengthentheconstructionofinformationsystemforlandandresources,torealizesocializationofinformationservice.第四，建立立適應社會會主義市場場經(jīng)濟的國國土資源管管理新體制制、新機制制。Thefourthistoestablishnewsystemsandmechanismsforlandandresourcesmanagementadaptableforsocialistmarketeconomy.第五，健全全法制，依依法行政。。Thefifthistoperfectthelegalsystemandadministeraccordingtolaw。三、中國國國土資源管管理工作現(xiàn)現(xiàn)狀和未來來ThePresentSituationandtheFutureofLandandResourcesManagementofChina（一）“十五五”時期期國土資資源管理理工作ThemanagementoflandandresourcesDuringthe““TenthFive-Year-Plan”period貫徹落實實最嚴格格的土地地管理制制度，嚴嚴格控制制建設占占用耕地地的總規(guī)規(guī)模，實實現(xiàn)了建建設占用用耕地占占補平衡衡，保證證了國家家糧食安安全。Itisrequiredtoputineffectthestrictestlandmanagementsystemforstrictlycontrollingtheoverallscopeofcultivatedlandoccupiedbyconstructiontorealizethebalancebetweentheoccupationandcompensationofcultivatedlandoccupiedbyconstructionandguaranteethegrainsafetyofthestate.治理整頓頓土地市市場秩序序，耕地地保護力力度進一一步加大大。全面面清理各各類開發(fā)發(fā)區(qū)，壓壓縮規(guī)劃劃面積，，初步遏遏制了違違法亂批批濫占耕耕地的勢勢頭。耕耕地占補補平衡制制度逐步步完善。。國家重重點工程程建設用用地得到到保障。。Itisrequiredtoimproveandrectifythelandmarketorderandreinforcethecultivatedlandprotection.Variousdevelopmentzoneshavebeencomprehensivelyputinorderandtheplannedareascompressed,whichhaspreliminarilykeptthetendencyofillegallyanddisorderlyapprovingandexcessivelyoccupyingcultivatedlandwithinthelimits.Thebalancesystemforoccupationandcompensationofcultivatedlandhasbeenconsummatedstepbystep.Thelandusedfornationalkeyprojectconstructionhasbeenguaranteed.土地違法法案件查查處情況況punishmentforillegalactonland加強重要要礦產(chǎn)資資源勘查查開發(fā)，，有效擴擴大了能能源原材材料供應應。加強強石油等等重要資資源勘查查。新發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)大中中型礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)地近700處,探獲一批批新的資資源量。。危機礦礦山資源源勘查工工作已經(jīng)經(jīng)啟動。。多數(shù)礦礦產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量持續(xù)續(xù)增加。。Theexploitationandprospectingofimportantmineralresourceshasbeenstrengthenedandsupplyofrawenergymaterialshasbeeneffectivelyenlarged.Prospectingofimportantresourcessuchaspetroleumhasbeenstrengthened.Approximately700placesoflargeandmedium-sizedminerallandhavebeendiscoveredandabatchofnewresourcevolumebeenexplored.Theprospectingofcrisismineresourceshasalreadystartedandtheyieldofmajorityofmineralproductshasasustainedincrease.2006年地質調調查和礦礦產(chǎn)資源源勘查新新發(fā)現(xiàn)大大中型礦礦產(chǎn)地213處Geologicalinvestigationsandmineralresourcesexplorationsin2006resultedinthediscoveryof213largeandmedium-sizedmineraloccurrencesorprospects完成新一一輪全國國地下水水資源評評價，西西部嚴重重缺水地地區(qū)地下下水勘查查示范工工程取得得顯著效效果。公公益性地地質工作作穩(wěn)步推推進。大大陸科學學鉆探順順利完成成。加強強海洋監(jiān)監(jiān)測預報報，南極極科學考考察、北北極站建建設和國國際海底底資源調調查取得得新進展展。Anewroundofnationwidegroundwaterresourcesassessmenthasbeencompletedandthedemonstrationprojectsforgroundwaterprospectinginwesternareasseriouslylackofwaterhaveobtainedremarkableeffects.Publicgeologicworkadvancedsteadilyandthescientificdrillinginthemainlandhasbeensuccessfullyfinished.Newprogresseshavebeenmadeonstrengtheningmarinemonitoringandforecast,SouthPoleresearch,NorthPolestationbuildingandinternationalseabedinvestigation.國土資源源科技創(chuàng)創(chuàng)新取得得新進展展，關鍵鍵技術研研發(fā)取得得突破。。信息化化邁上新新臺階。。Newprogresseshavebeenmadeontechnicalinnovationonlandandresources;breakthroughshavebeenobtainedonkeytechnologystudyanddevelopment.Informatizationhasstriddenontoanewstep.數(shù)據(jù)交換換網(wǎng)絡拓拓撲圖TopologicalGraphofdate-changenet地質災害害防治和和地質環(huán)環(huán)境保護護工作取取得新進進展。成成功防治治了一批批重大地地質災害害。完成成三峽庫庫區(qū)二期期工程地地質災害害治理和和地質安安全評價價任務。。確定了了85處國家級級地質公公園。成成功開展展地質災災害預警警預報。。Newprogresseshavebeenmadeongeologicdisasterpreventionandenvironmentalprotection.Agroupofmajorgeologicdisastershavebeensuccessfullypreventedandtreated.ThetaskofsafetyassessmentonpreventionandtreatmentofgeologicdisasteronsecondphaseprojectofThreeGorgesReservoirareahavebeenfinished.85state-levelgeoparkshavebeendeterminedandgeologicdisasteralarmandforecasthavebeensuccessfullycarriedout.成功預報報地質災災害安全全轉移人人數(shù)theamountofpersonweretransferredThroughgeologicdisasteralarmandforecast不斷深化化國土資資源管理理體制、、地質工工作體制制改革。。省級以以下國土土資源管管理體制制改革穩(wěn)穩(wěn)步實施施。國土土資源法法律法規(guī)規(guī)不斷完完善，土土地、礦礦產(chǎn)資源源規(guī)劃作作用得到到發(fā)揮。。市場配配置資源源的基礎礎性作用用不斷增增強。Landandresourcesmanagementsystemandgeologicworksystemhavebeencontinuallydeepened.Landandresourcemanagementsystemreformunderprovincelevelhavebeenimplementedsteadily.Lawsandregulationsonlandandresourceshavebeencontinuallyperfected,theroleoflandandmineralresourcesplanshavebeeneffected.Theb