《語用與交際》練習(xí)測試題庫與答案

華中師范大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育學(xué)院《語用與交際〉〉練習(xí)測試題庫及答案本科Answerthefollowingquestionsinyourownwords(每題2分)Whatisthefunctionofcontextinunderstandingutterances?Thefunctionofcontextinunderstandingutterancesistohelplistenerstonarrowdowntheirchoicesinunderstandingthemeaningofutterances.Whatistherelationshipbetweendeixisandcontext?Averycloserelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext.Whatisthegesturaluseofplacedeixis?Iftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluse.Howdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaning?Itexplainslanguagefromfunctional,communicativeandcontextualaspects.Howmanymaximsarethereinco-operativeprinciple?Andwhatarethey?Four.Theyarequalitymaxim,quantitymaxim,relationmaximandmannermaxim.Whoinventedtheterm“Pragmatics”？Whatarethethreesub-branchesofsemiotics?Theyaresyntactics,semanticsandpragmaticsWhatisCarnap?sunderstandingof“Pragmatics”？BasicallyCarnapunderstandsPragmaticsaswhatMorrishaspointedout,butspecificallyspeaking,CarnapthinksthatPragmaticsshouldstudyindexicalsinlanguage.WhatistheadvantageofstudyingPragmatics?Oneadvantageofstudyinglanguagethroughpragmaticsisthatwecantalkaboutpeople?sintendedmeanings,theirassumptions,theirpurposesorgoals,andallkindsofactions(forexample,requests)thattheyareperformingwhentheyspeak.IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?PragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.Whypragmatistsstudymotionverbunderplacedeixis?Becausemotionverbscontainakindofbuilt-indirectionWhydon?tpeoplesaywhattheymeanincommunication?Becausetheywanttobeco-operative,politeandsavetheirownandother?sface.WhatdoesCPstandforinPragmatics?InPragmatics,CPstandsforco-operativeprinciple.Whatispositiveface?Positivefaceistheneedtobelikedbyothers,ortheneedtobeacceptedandtreatedassocialequals.Whatisonrecord?Onrecordisatechnicalterm,referringtoutterancesnotdirectlyaddressedtoothers.WhatisthedisadvantageofstudyingPragmatics?Onebigdisadvantageofpragmaticstudyisthatalltheseconceptsrelatedtohumanbeingsareextremelydifficulttoanalyzeinaconsistentandobjectiveway.IssemanticmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?No.SemanticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.Whatarethepossibleinterpretationsofthephrase"Jane?scar”?PossibleinterpretationsarethecarownedbyJane,thecarkeptbyJane,thecarrentedbyJaneetc.19.Istimepartofcontext?Yes.TimeispartofcontextWhatisthegeneralroleofpersonaldeixisincommunication?ItsroleistoindicatewhoparticipatesincommunicationIsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?PragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailureWhatistheroleofcontextinunderstandingutterances?Theroleofcontextinunderstandingutterancesistohelplistenerstonarrowdowntheirchoicesinunderstanding.Whatkindofrelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext?Averycloserelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext.Howdoyouunderstandgesturaluseofplacedeixis?Iftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluseHowdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaning?Itexplainslanguagefromfunctional,communicativeandcontextualaspects.II.Explainthefollowingtermsbriefly.（每題4分）inferencelinguisticcontextPragmaticsappropriacyindirectmeaningpolitenessfacewantsnon-linguisticcontextdeixisconversationalimplicaturecontextco-operativeprinciplepresuppositioncalendricuseoftimedeixis答案：Inferencemeansthatweofteninferormakeguessesastowhatthespeakerintendstomeanwhenhesayssomething?Itreferstothelanguagethatsurroundsoraccompaniesapieceofutteranceordiscourseunderanalysis.Pragmaticsstudiesthefactorsthatgovernourchoiceoflanguageinsocialinteractionandtheeffectsofourchoiceonothers.Appropriacymeansthatpeopleshouldsaytherightthingtotherightpersonwiththerightmannerattherightplaceandintherightsituation.Indirectmeaningisthemeaningthatpeopleintendtoconvey.Itisalsotermedasthecommunicativemeaningorcontextualmeaning.Politenessisshowingawarenessofother?spublicself-image.Usuallypolitenesscanbeunderstoodasvariousmeansthatpeopleuseineithersituationsofsocialclosenessorsituationsofsocialdistance.Facewantsrefertoone?sfaceexpectations.Normallypeopleexpectthatotherswillrespecttheirfaceincommunication.Non-linguisticcontextreferstothetypeofcommunicativeevent(forexample,joke,story,lecture,greeting,conversation);thetopic;thepurposeoftheevent;thesettingincludinglocationofday,timeandphysicalaspectsofthesituation;theparticipantsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem;thebackgroundknowledgeetc.Deixisisagroupofwordsindicatingperson,time,place,etc.ItisoriginatedfromaGreekverb,meaning“point”,“show”andaindicate”inEnglish.Conversationalimplicatureisthemeaningimpliedinaconversation.Usuallyitindicatesthespeaker?communicativepurpose.Contextcanbesubdividedintolinguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.Theformerreferstothelanguagethatsurroundsoraccompaniesapieceofutteranceordiscourseunderanalysis,itreferstothelinguisticelementsthatarearoundanutterance.Thelatterincludes:thetypeofcommunicativeevent(forexample,joke,story,lecture,greeting,conversation);thetopic;thepurposeoftheevent;thesettingincludinglocationofday,timeandphysicalaspectsofthesituation;theparticipantsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem;thebackgroundknowledgeetc.Traditionally,peopledatetheinventionoftheco-operativeprinciplebacktotheworkoftheAmericanphilosophernamedH.PaulGrice.Theprincipleincludes:TheMaximofQualitytrytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue,specifically:donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalsedonotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidenceTheMaximofQuantitymakeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposeoftheexchangedonotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanrequiredmakeyourcontributionsrelevantTheMaximofMannerbeperspicuous,andspecificallyavoidobscurityavoidambiguitybebriefbeorderlyInshort,thesemaximsspecifywhatparticipantshavetodoinordertoconductcommunicationinamaximallyefficient,rational,co-operativeway.Todoso,theyshouldspeaksincerely,relevantlyandclearly,whileprovidingsufficientinformation.Bypresupposition,werefertoameaningtakenasgivenwhichdoesnotthereforeneedtobeasserted.Ithasbeenvariouslydefinedas“semanticpresupposition(non"-defeasible,contributestothetruth-conditionalmeaningofthesentence),and“pragmaticpresupposition(cancellable“whileinconsistentwithspeaker/hearerknowledgeabouttheworld).PragmaticPresuppositioncanbeunderstoodasanothertypeofpragmaticinference。Generallyspeaking,mostlanguageshaveabasicsystemofreckoningandmeasuringtimethroughnaturalcyclesofdayandnight,lunarmonths,seasonsandyears.Thisisthecalendricuseoftimeunits.Suchtimeunitscanbeusedcalendricallytolocateeventsin,absolute?timerelativeto,absolute?timeorigin.Forsuchcalendrictimeunits,therearefixedbeginningandending.Forexample,acalendaryearismadeupbycalendarmonthsfromJanuary,February,March,April,May?toDecemberwhileacalendarmonth,March,forexample,consistsofcalendardayslikeMarch1,March2,3untilthelastdayofthatmonth.Foracalendaryear,thebeginningisalwaysfixedonJanuaryandtheendingonDecember.Andforacalendarmonth,thebeginningisalwaysthefirstdayofthatmonthwhiletheendingisalwaysthelastdayofthatmonth.A.Identifythesymbolic,gestural,andnondeictic-usesofthesecondpersonalpronoun,you?inthefollowingthreecases.每（題2分）Youneverknowwhethertoreadeverychapterorskiponeortwo.Iknowyouwillallenjoyreadingthischapter.Youhavetoreaditandyouhavetoreaditandyouhavetoreadit.1、Non-deictic2.Symbolic3.GesturalB.Pleaseidentifythesymbolic,gestural,andnon-deicticusesofthetimedeixisnow“inthefollowingthreecases.每（題2分）IknowmoreaboutPragmaticsnowthanbefore.Nowthatwasn?tverynice.Areyouready?Waitforit!Waitforit!NOW（Herethespeakerisusingarising-fallingintonationtoshowstress.）1、symbolic2.non-deictic3.gesturalC.Pleaseidentifythesymbolic,gestural,andnondeictic-usesofthedemonstrativepronounthisinthefollowingthreecases.每（題2分）Ibetyouweren?texpectingthisexample.Andthenthisstrangeguywalksinandvomits.Whichfingerdidhebite?/Thislittlefingerontheright?symbolic2.non-deictic3.gesturalDothefollowingexchangesviolateanymaximsunderthecoperative-principle?If,yes?,pointoutwhichmaximisbeingflouted^）每題2分Johnny:HeySallylet?splaymarbles.Mum:HowisyourhomeworkgettingalongJohnny?Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelation.A:Ihopeyouboughtbreadandcheese.B:Ah,Iboughtthebread.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquantity.A:Whoa!Hasyourbossgonecrazy?B:Let?sgoandgetsometea.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelation.（Inafamilymealtimeconversation,participantstalkaboutfieldhockeyandhow,Mum?hasallegedlybeenactiveinthissportforaverylongtime,,Dad?seesfittooffersomeironiccommentsonMum?ssportiveachievements.）Mum:Iusedtospendalotoftimeplayingfieldhockey,goodsport.Dad:Yeah,MummywasprobablyplayingfieldhockeywhenHerbertHoovertookoffice.Mum:YeahDad:WoodrowWilsonandTeddyRoosevelt.Mum:MhmDad:GeorgeWashingtonChild:AbrahamLincolnDad:Aristotleand?Child:ThomasJeffersonMum:Yeah,?evenwhentheybombedPearlHarbourIwas.Mum:WhichH-O-S-P-I-T-A-LshallwetakeJimmyto?DadThenearestone.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofmanner.A:WhereisBill?There?sayellowcaroutsideSue?shouse.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelation(Belowisaconversationbetweenacoupleafterthehusbandcomesbackfromthesupermarket.)Wife:Ihopeyouboughtbreadandcheese.Husband:Ah,Iboughtthebread.(MaryandTinaaretwogoodfriends.OnedayMarywenttoseeTinainherofficeandnoticedtheTinawasverybusywithpilesofworkonhertable.)Mary:Whoa!Hasyourbossgonecrazy?Tina:Let?sgoandgetsometea.(HereisaconversationbetweenaBritishandanon-Britishin1960s.TheBritishseemstoworryaboutthecurrentsituationoftheGulf.)British:WhatifUSSRblockstheGulfandalltheoil?Non-British:Oh,comenow.Britainrulestheseas.(Harrycommittedasocialoffenceandhadbeenbroughttotrial.Hisfriend,Tom,askedJackabouttheoutcomeofthetrial.)Tom:HowdidHarryfareincourttheotherday?Jack:Oh,hegotafine.No.Itdidn?tviolateanymaxim.Johnisafish.Yes.ItviolatedthemaximofqualityA:Whereismyboxofchocolates?Thechildrenwereinyourroomthismorning.Yes.ItviolatedthemaximofrelevanceA:WeshallallmissBillandMary.WeshallallmissBill.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquantity.Thebestof4x4xfar(anautomobileads.)Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofmanner.WasHitlergoingtobemoderate?Yes.ItviolatedthemaximofqualityWariswar.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquantity.Husband:Let?sgivekidssomethingtoeat.Wife:Yes,butIvetoC-H-O-C-O-L-A-T-E.Yes.ItviolatedthemaximofmannerForthefollowingsentences,youarerequiredtoidentifypresuppositiontriggersfirstandthengiveasemanticpresuppositionforeach每.(題2分)Theflyingsaucercameagain.Jane?shusbandwenttoNewcastleBeforethechildgoestoschool,hemustfinishhishomework.IfIhadnothadacold,Iwouldhavegonetotheshoppingmall.WhatMarylostwasherpurse.IregrethavingdrunkJohn?shomebrew.Johnrealizedthathehadmadeamistake.Marymanagedtofinishintime.Johnstoppedbeatinghischild.JohnaccusedBillofstealingthebookThePrimeMinisterforgottokeeparecordofherinstructionsatthetimearmswereexportedtoItaly.CarolisabetterstudentthanBill.Theyreturnedtotheplace.Whyareyoulatetoday?Ileftbeforeheatehiscake.Itwasn?tshewhotookawayLarry?snotebook.Theflyingsaucercamebefore.TomregretsdrinkingJohn?shomebrew.Ifmusicwasthefoodoflove,playon.Istoppedjoggingafteravisittothedoctor.IsthereaprofessoroflinguisticsatMIT?Afterhemarried,hebecamehen-pecked.Wehappenedtorunoutoffuel.Hesawamanwithtwoheads.NobodyrealisedthatLilywasill.答案：1、Theflyingsaucercamebefore.(again)2、Janehasahusband.(Jane?shusband)3、Thechildgoestoschool.(Before?)4、Ihadacold.(If?)arylostsomething.(WhatMarylostwas?)6、IhavedrunkJohn?shomebrew(regret).7、Johnmadeamistake.(realized)Marytriedhardtofinishintime.(managed)9、Johnbeathischild.(stop)JohnthoughtthatJohnstoleabook(accuse)ThePrimeMinistershouldhavekeptarecordofherinstructionsatthetimearmswereexportedtoItaly.BotherCarolandBillarestudents.Theylefttheplace.Youarelatetoday.Heatehiscake.SomeonetookawayLarry?snotebook.17、Theflyingsaucercameatleastonce.18、TomdrankJohn?shomebrew.19、Musicwasn?tthefoodoflove.20、Ijoggedbefore.21、ThereiseitheraprofessoroflinguisticsatMITorthereisn?t.22Hemarried.23、Wedidn?texpecttorunoutoffuel.Thereexistedamanwithtwoheads.Lilywasill.VI.MultipleChoices(每題2分)Directions:Foreachprobleminthispart,youarepresentedwithonesituationwithmorethanoneutteranceunderneath.Readthedescriptionofeachsituationwiththeutterancesanddecidewhichisthemostappropriateutteranceinthatsituation.Oneday,whenanAmericanladyaccidentallybumpedintoWeiLin.Lady:I'mterriblysorry.Wei:A)Itdoesn'tmatter.B)Nevermind.C)That'sallright.D)Don'tworry.JaneistalkingtoherfriendsBillandPatoutsidethecinema.Jane:Well,whatdidyouthinkofthefilm,then?Bill:Oh,Ithoughtitwasgreat.Didn'tyouthinkso,Pat?Pat:A)Well,maybe.B)No.C)Yes,inaway.ButI'veseenbetter.D)Yes.Idaresayyouareright.ButI'veseenbetter.AtabusstopMan:Excuseme,doyouknowwhichbustocatchforLondonRoad,please?Woman:A)Itdoesn'tmatter.B)Oh.C)Nevermind.D)Thankyou(Hethenwenttoanotherperson.)Inafactory,Li,theguide,isinterpretingforagroupofforeignguests.Whentheyhavefinishedvisitingoneworkshop,hewouldlikethegrouptofollowhimtothenextworkshop.Hesays:A)Thisway,please.B)Comehere!C)Followme!D)Moveon!Lihadsomethingtotellthemanager,MrSmith,sohewenttohisplace,enteringtheroomandsaid:A)You'renotbusy,Ihope.B)Gotaminute?C)CanIhaveawordwithyouMrSmith?D)I'mterriblysorrytotroubleyou,MrSmith.IfsomeonegivesyoudirectionsinEnglishsoquicklythatyoudon'tunderstand,youmightrespond:"Excuseme,I'mstilllearningthelanguage.Couldyourepeatthatalittlemoreslowly?""Thankyou.Iappreciateyourhelp.""Couldyourepeatthat?"D)Trytorepeatthedirectiontotheperson.HsiaoMaisaninterpreter.Onedayaforeignvisitor,MrBrown,talkstohim.Brown:YourEnglishisquitefluent.Ma:A)Thankyou.It'skindofyoutosayso.B)No,no,myEnglishispoor.C)No,notatall.D)Oh,no,farfromthat.Istillhavealongwaytogo.BettyisaforeignstudentinChina.ShehasmetPengFei.Iwastoldthatyouwonthe100-meterraceintheall-citytrackmeetthismorning.Congratulations!P:A)Justlucky.B)Thankyou.C)Ican'tsayIdidwellthismorning.D)Icouldhavedonebetterifithadn'tbeensocold."Youaretobeherebyeight."TherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandthehearerisprobablyA)teacherandstudent.B)husbandandwife.C)sisters.D)friends.Yourfriend'smother,MrsKeeler,askedifyouwouldlikesomethingtoeat.Whatwouldyousaytorefusepolitely?You:A)Notforthemoment,thankyou,MrsKeeler,I'mfull.B)No,thanks.I'vejusthadlunch.C)Oh,no,MrsKeeler,Ihaven'tlonghadlunch.D)I'mfullandhavenoroomforanymore.MrTimmshasarrivedforameeting,which,unfortunately,hasbeencancelled.MrsBanks:I'mterriblysorryaboutnotlettingyouknowsooner,MrTimms,butunfortunatelyitwascancelledatthelastminuteandtheresimplywasn'tenoughtimetoinformeveryone.MrTimms:A)Oh,don'tletitworryyou,MrsBanks.Iquiteunderstand.B)Oh,that'sOK,MrsBanks.Iunderstand.C)Oh,itdoesn'tmatter,MrsBanks.D)Oh,don'tworryaboutit,MrsBanks.Ifyouareattendingafamilygatheringandwouldliketoknowwhatthefamilialrelationshipisbetweenonememberandanother,youmayask:D)What'stherelationshipbetweenyouandthatwoman?Whenintroducedtoanolderprofessorortoafriend'sparents,whatwouldyousay?C)"Hello,it'snicetomeetyou",andthenshakehands.D)"Hi!Gladtoknowyou."Onthewaytotheschoolcinema,LisawProfessorBlakewalkingtothecinema,too.Li:A)Goodafternoon,ProfessorBlake.B)Areyougoingtothefilm?C)Whereareyougoing?D)You'regoingtothefilm,aren'tyou?Whenintroducingyourselftosomeoneyoudon'tknowataparty,whatwouldyousay?A)Hi,I'm.B)MayIintroducemyselftoyouandatthesametimeImakeyouracquaintance?C)Hi,I'dliketomeetyou.D)Hi,I'm.Doyouknowmanypeoplehere?JackphonesHsiaoSong'soffice.Jack:Hello,I'dliketospeaktoSongHua,please.Song:A)I'mSongHua.B)ThisisSongHuaspeaking.C)Oh,comeon.You'vegottimeforonemorecupofcoffee,surely?D)Well,it'sstillearly.There'snohurry.MrsLihasbeenhavinglunchwithMrsSullivan.MrsLihasjustexplainedthatshehastoleave.MrsS:A)Doyoureallyhavetogo,MrsLi?Couldn'tyouatleaststayforanothercupofcoffee?B)Oh,no,youcan't.C)Oh,comeon.You'vegottimeforonemorecupofcoffee,surely?D)Well,it'sstillearly.There'snohurry.You'vejustbeenaskedouttodinnerbutyoudon'twanttogowiththepersonwhoinvitedyou.Youmightsay:A)Idon'tthinkso.Ialreadyhaveplans.B)No,Ireallydon'tenjoybeingwithyou.C)I'mdietingsoImustn'tgoouttoeat.D)ThanksalotbutI'mbusytonight.MrGrahammethisteacher,MrsSouth,outsidethelibrary.MrG:GoodMorning,MrsSouth.Howareyou?MrsS:Verywell,thankyou,MrGraham,andhowareyou?MrG:A)Oh,can'tcomplain.B)I'mverywell,too,thankyou.C)Sameoldthing.D)Ok.MrGreen'ssecretary,PatKent,wenttotheairporttomeetMrBarnesforherboss.MissKent:A)Excuseme,wouldyoubeMrBarnes?B)AreyouMrBarnes?Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellmeifyouareMrBarnes?YouareMrBarnes,aren'tyou?Patrickissittinginacarwithsomefriends.Hehasjustaskedifanyonemindshimsmoking.Oneofthefriendsinthecar,Gillian,isallergictosmoke.Whatwouldshesay?P:OkifIsmokehere?G:A)WouldyoumindifIsaidno,Patrick?B)Can'tyoustaywithoutsmoking?C)It'snotOk.D)No,ofcoursenot.WuHuahadaquestiontoaskhisforeignteacher.HewenttoProfessorJames'splace.Afterhegottheanswer,hegotuptoleave.Wu:A)Well,that'sclear,thankyouverymuch.B)Well,I'vegottogonow.C)Ok.Thanks.D)I'mafraidImustgonow.Ifsomeoneoffersyousomefoodthatyoureallydon'tlike,youmightsay:A)I'mfedup.B)Idon'tcareforthat.C)Sure,I'dlovesomemore.D)Thanks,butI'mreallyfull.WeiDongmethisEnglishteacher,DrJohns,outsidetheclassroom.We:A)Hi,DrJohns.B)Hello,teacher.C)Morning,DrJohns.D)Goodmorning,teacherJohns.MissWellshasbeenlateforschoolquiterecently.Afterclass,herteacher,ProfessorThyme,talkstoher.Pro.Thyme:Er...MissWells.I'msorrytohavetomentionthis,butcouldyoupossiblytrytobealittleearlierinthemorning?Thisisthethirdtimeyou'vebeenlatethisweek.MissWells:A)Oh,I'mawfullysorry,ProfessorThyme,butIreallywilltrytobeontime.B)Oh,dear!I'msorry,ProfessorThyme.C)Ok,I'msuretocomeearliernexttime.D)Pleaseexcusemethistime.Iwon'tbelatenexttime.AandBareneighbors.Mycatknockedovermynewvasethismorning.A)Whatashame.B)Ashame.C)Shameonyou.D)Shame!MrsBrownhasbeenspendingtheafternoonwithanacquaintance,MrsSullivan.Shehasjustgotuptogo.Thehostessaddressesherguestasfollows:a)Areyouleavingyet?b)Areyouleavingalready?c)Aren'tyouleavingyet?d)Aren'tyouleavingalready?Meetingunexpectedlyafriendhehadn'tseenforyears,Jimvoicedhissurprise:a)No!b)Yes!c)Oh!d)Hey!Tomeistalkingtohisschool-mate,David.Tom:Howdidyoudointheexam,David?David:Ibarelypassed.Imakeahopelessmessofit.Idon'tknowwhyIdidsobadly.Tom:A)Justtrytoforgetaboutit.It'snotworthworryingabout.You'lldobetternexttime.C)Itdoesn'tmatter.D)Cheerup.IfyourEnglishteacherusesaLatinwordyoudon'tknow,youmightA)saynothingandpretendthatyouhaveunderstood.B)say,"Pleaserepeat."C)say,"I'msorry.Whatdidyousayjustnow?D)say,"I'msorry,Ididn'tunderstandwhatyousaid.Couldyoupleaserepeatthatlastword?"WhenyouareinvitedforthefirsttimetotheBrowns'houseandofferedacupofcoffee,youA)shouldriseandreceiveit.B)shouldriseandsay,"Thankyou."C)shouldmakeaslightrisingmovement.D)canremainseatedandreceiveitwithasmileandsay,"Thankyou."IfyouwereinvitedtoanAmericanguest'shousefordinnernow,whatwouldbethebesttimetoarrive?A)15minuteslater.B)15minutesearlier.C)Ontime.D)1hourearlier.Howwouldahostindicatetoaguestthatitwastimetoleave?A)Thehostwouldannounce,"It'stimetoleave."B)Thehostwouldstartcleaningup.C)Thehostwouldstartyawning.D)Thehostwouldn'tsayanything,sotheguestwouldleaveatatimehethoughtwasreasonable.Atadinner,youcanbegintoeatA)whentheguestssittingbesideyoubegin.B)whenthehostesssays,"Let'sbegin."C)whenthemaincourseisserved.D)whenthehostesspicksupherownspoonorfork..Bisintheway.A:MayIgetthroughhere?B:A)Yes,please.B)Yes.C)Yes(openingapassageway).D)(Openingapassagewaywithoutdemur)AtadinnerA:MayIhavethebiscuits?B:A)Sure(handingalongthebiscuits).B)Yes.Helpyourself.C)Goahead.D)Yes,ofcourse.Atapartyorsocialoccasions,howwouldyouindicatethatitwastimeforyoutoleavesomeone'shouse?a)Iwouldsay,"It'sgettinglateandI'dbetterbegoing."b)Iwouldsay,"I'msorry.Ihavetoleavenow."c)Iwouldwaituntilthehostsaidsomething.d)Iwouldmakeupanexcuse(e.g.Ihavetogetupearlytomorrow,etc.)andthankthehosts.Whensomeonecomplimentsthewatchyouarewearing,youwoulda)say,"Thanks"andsmile.b)giveittohim.c)say,"Wouldyouliketohaveit?"d)say,"Oh,thischeapthing?It'snotworthmuch."GenerallyhostsdonotofferfoodmorethanonceortwicebecausetheyA)donotexpectyoutobehungry.B)expectyoutorefusepolitely.C)expectyoutodislikethefood.D)expectyoutosayimmediatelywhatyoureallywant.JohnandBrianarehavingtheirmorningcoffeebreak.Jo