新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)匯總88988

新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)匯總88988新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)匯總88988新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)匯總88988xxx公司新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)匯總88988文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度新概念一冊(cè)語法點(diǎn)匯總第一部分:時(shí)態(tài)8種一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。（1）含有be動(dòng)詞的句子Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.★變疑問句三步驟：將be動(dòng)詞移到句首，首字母大寫，句號(hào)變問號(hào)。Isthegirlverybeautiful?

AreTimandJackstudents?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notThegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.（2）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.★變疑問句三步驟：在句首加does,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，問?hào)變句號(hào)。Doesshelikehim?

Doesthedoglikebones?

★變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn’t,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵停渲械膭?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱變化：有了助動(dòng)詞的幫助，句中動(dòng)詞變回原形！Shedoesn’tlikehim.Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’tYes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.★變疑問句：在句首加do，句號(hào)變問號(hào)。Doyouwanttohaveabath?

Dowehaveanymeat?

Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?

★變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加don’t.Youdon’twanttohaveabath.Wedon’thaveanymeat.Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Yes,wedo.No,wedon’tYes,theydo.No,theydon’t.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞doingWearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Arewehavinglunch?

Ishereadingabook?

Isthedogrunningafteracat?

Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑問句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑問詞+動(dòng)詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞Whatareyoudoing?

Whatisshedoing?

Whatisthedogdoing?

沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞(必背)表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1.表示感覺，感官的詞see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)3.一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am,is的過去式為was，are的過去式為wereIwasatthebutcher’s.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Wereyouatthebutcher’s?

Wereyouastudentayearago?

Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notIwasnotatthebutcher’s.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑問句：Whatdidyoudo?

不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★變疑問句三步驟：在句首加did，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，句?hào)變問號(hào)。Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?

Didtheboygotoarestaurant?

DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?

★變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have,has+過去分詞done用法：1)表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just,usually,already,since等時(shí)間副詞連用Ihavejusthadlunch.(飽了，不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了，不用再喝)Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)2)詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?

HaveyoubeentoBeijing

Haveheseenthefilm?

3)表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去過，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已經(jīng)回來)HehasgonetoLondon.(人還在那里)5)表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型變化：★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen

Ihavenotlostmypen.

★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑問句：Whathaveyoudone?

Whathashedone?

一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用錯(cuò)：I’veleftBeijingfor3days.對(duì)：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.5.一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc.表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形doIwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?

WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?

WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?

★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.★特殊疑問句：Whatwillyoudo?

6.過去完成時(shí)用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動(dòng)詞had+過去分詞doneAftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加?！镒円蓡柧鋵⒅鷦?dòng)詞移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?

★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notShehadn’tfinishedherhomework.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.★特殊疑問句：Whathadshedone?

7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在when,while,as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.8過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形doShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.兩個(gè)特殊句型：therebe句型，begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)1)Begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事★結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動(dòng)詞+goingto+動(dòng)詞原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?

Aretheygoingtopaintit?

Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?

★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.★特殊疑問句Whatareyougoingtodo?

Whataretheygoingtodo?

Whatisthefathergoingtodo?

(必背)2)Therebe句型表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)Thereis+單數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)Therearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?

Aretheretwopensonthetable?

★變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.第二部分其他句法及詞法9問句一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1)一般疑問句：助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語AreyouateacherDoyouwanttohaveacupoftea2)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Whatisyourname?

3)選擇疑問句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?

4)反意疑問句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?

5)否定疑問句：一般疑問句+否定詞Aren’tyouluckyDon’tyouwanthavearest

10限定詞：some,any,many,much·some,any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some·many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idon’thavemuchmoney.11名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格·名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1)不可數(shù)名詞無法分開的東西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)抽象的東西：love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：·不能用a,an修飾·不能加s·和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配2)可數(shù)名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g.shell→shellsbook→books規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.fox→foxeschurch→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes，(口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿)，剩下一般加s,radio→radios規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.life→liveshalf→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.sky→skiesfly→flies3)不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式man(men)woman(women)foot(feet)goose(geese)tooth(teeth)child(children)sheep(sheep)deer(deer)mouse(mice)fish(fish)12副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化·副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.副詞變化形式：·直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,·以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily·有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast,hard,late·有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately13情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(能夠)，must(必須)，may(可以)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.★變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Canhemakethetea?

CanSallyairtheroom?

CanwespeakEnglish?

★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.★特殊疑問句：Whatcanyoudo?

注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。2)Must/haveto的區(qū)別must表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，haveto是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3)must,may,might表示猜測(cè)：·mustdo表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)·musthavedone表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)·musthavebeendoing表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)·may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。·can’t/couldn’t表示不可能14need用法：·表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer

No,Idon’t.

Ineedtohavearest.·Needdoing=needtobedone，表示被動(dòng)Theflowersneedwatering.·Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用Youneedn’tgosoearly.=Youdon’tneedtogosoearly.MustIcleanthedeskrightnow

No,youneedn’t.

15不定代詞及不定副詞：·Someanynoevery·thingsomethinganythingnothingeverything·onesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryone·wheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywhere·bodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody1)Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.2)Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.3)Help!SomebodyAnybody4)Youarereallysomething.5)Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourclass.6)Wheredidyougo

Iwentnowhere.

7)Nobodyisathome.8)Ihavenothingleft.16感嘆句：1)What+名詞+主語+謂語Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!2)How+形容詞+主語+謂語Howbeautifulthegirlis!17祈使句：祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)。★肯定句動(dòng)詞原型例，Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開，放在句首或者句尾Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.★否定：Don't+動(dòng)詞原型Don'tcomehere.Don’tsitdown.Don’tstandup.Don’tgivemeit.letsb.doLetmepass.Letushavearest.Let’shavearest.反意疑問：Let’shaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe

被問的人也一同去Letusgooutforadrink,willyou

被問的人不去18倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididn’tgotoclass.NeitherdidI.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+主語so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，do,does/am,is,are現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，am,is,are一般過去時(shí)，did現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，have,has一般將來時(shí)，will,shall,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，was,were過去完成時(shí)，had過去將來時(shí)，would19直接引語/間接引語如果引語的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞1)時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)--一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)--過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)--過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)--過去將來時(shí)begoingto--was/weregoingto/wouldcan--couldmay--might2)時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here-there,tomorrow-thenextday,thefollowingday,this-that…3)人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。4)直接賓語/間接賓語主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。Hegivesmeabook.me間接賓語，abook直接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for主語+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語Givemeabook.Givethebooktome.Sendhisaletter.Sendalettertohim.Showhimthenewdress.Showthenewdresstohim.20其他1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱……單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey賓格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代詞所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名詞性代詞mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)Amareareareisarebe動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)waswerewerewerewaswere2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g.shell→shellstoy→toys規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.fox→foxeschurch→churches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾s或+ese.g.radio→radiospotato→potatoes規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.life→liveshalf→halves規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.sky→skiesstudy→studies3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g.like-likes,look--looks規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.do-does,catch--catches規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.carry-carries,fly--flies4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加-inge.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing規(guī)則二以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-inge.g.make-making,take-taking,arrive-arriving規(guī)則三重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-inge.g.run-running,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stop--stopping5)動(dòng)詞過去式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加-ede.g.look-looked,watch-watched,play--played規(guī)則二以e結(jié)尾的加-de.g.make-maked,arrive--arrived規(guī)則三以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y為i加-edcry-cried,carry-carried規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-edstop-stopped,過去式的讀音在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/e.g.walked,jumped在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/e.g.washed,watched在/t/，/d/后讀/id/e.g.waited,hated6)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)比較級(jí)規(guī)則一一般加-ere.g.high-higher規(guī)則二以結(jié)尾加-rnice-nicer規(guī)則三以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-erbusy-busier,規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加-erfat-fatter,形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)最高級(jí)規(guī)則一一般加-este.g.high-highest規(guī)則二以結(jié)尾加-stnice-nicet規(guī)則三以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-estbusy-busiest規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加--estfat-fattest7)常見縮寫：is=’sIam=I’mare=’reisnot=isn’t/iznt/arenot=aren’t/a:nt/donot=don’tdoesnot=doesn’twas=’sdidnot=didn’tcannot=can’thave=’vehas=’shavenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’twill=’llwillnot=won’tshallnot=shan’t新概念一共144課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語法和練習(xí)。整本書是以單數(shù)課為正課，并附帶有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對(duì)單數(shù)課所講的內(nèi)容有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)，從此出展現(xiàn)出整個(gè)新概念一教材區(qū)別于其他教材的獨(dú)特之處。以下是對(duì)新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位對(duì)整個(gè)課本的理解和把握上參考和借鑒。首先根據(jù)課本中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)來分析：本冊(cè)書的語法出現(xiàn)層次性和規(guī)律性是很強(qiáng)的，首先我們先來整本書中都出了哪些時(shí)態(tài)，這些時(shí)態(tài)的具體分布和講解時(shí)我們大家需要注意的遞進(jìn)性。Lesson31—34現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson37—40第一次出現(xiàn)begoingto的將來時(shí)Lesson51—56一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Lesson67—76為一般過去式Lesson83—90為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Lesson91—96為一般將來時(shí)(will)Lesson117—118過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson119—120過去完成時(shí)除去前面所有時(shí)態(tài)和句型所占據(jù)的76課我們一起來看一下以下的68課，每一課小的語言點(diǎn)，語法點(diǎn)都是在什么地方，應(yīng)該用什么樣的方式來講解。在這里告訴學(xué)員新概念一的每一個(gè)單課的重點(diǎn)都是出現(xiàn)雙課的標(biāo)題和課后的練習(xí)題里面。Lesson1—2語言點(diǎn)：與陌生人說話或引起別人的注意。Excuseme.YesPardonThankyouverymuch.語法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)this為主語，名詞做表語1的一般疑問句以及它的肯定回答。IsthisyourhandbagYes,itis.Lesson5—6語言點(diǎn)：如何介紹別人。ThisisMissSophieDupont.Nicetomeetyou.語法點(diǎn)：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。SheisFrench.HeisGerman.It’saVolvo.(L6)a/an的使用。Lesson7—8語言點(diǎn)：如何自我介紹和相互認(rèn)識(shí)。語法點(diǎn)：主語為第二人稱的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。AreyouFrench?WhatnationalityareyouWhat’syourjob特殊疑問句。Lesson9—10語言點(diǎn)：朋友或熟識(shí)的人之間如何相互問候。Howareyou?語法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞做表語。介詞短語表示位置nearthewindow,onthetelevion,onthewallLesson29—30語言點(diǎn)：如何發(fā)號(hào)命令。語法點(diǎn)：祈使句（肯定）。動(dòng)詞與賓語的固定搭配。Lesson37—38語言點(diǎn)：如何表達(dá)將要做的事情。語法點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)begoingtodo結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情。Therebe句型的一般疑問句形式。Lesson41-42語法點(diǎn)：如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。Lesson63-64語言點(diǎn)：建議忠告。語法點(diǎn)：don’tdo….Youmustn’tdo…Lesson65-66語法點(diǎn)：具體時(shí)間表示法(半點(diǎn)和刻鐘）。反身代詞。具體日期表達(dá)方式。Lesson73-74語言點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)柭?。語法點(diǎn)：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式。形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變成副詞。Lesson77-78語言點(diǎn)：看病。語法點(diǎn)：綜合時(shí)間表達(dá)方式。Lesson105-106語言點(diǎn)：辦公室用語。語法點(diǎn)：wantsbtodo…./tellsbtodo…以及其否定形式。Lesson103-104語言點(diǎn)：考試。語法點(diǎn)：賓語從句。（從句部分為非現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）程度副詞too,very,enoughLesson125-126語言點(diǎn)：/語法點(diǎn)：havetodo…/don’tneedtodo…Lesson127-128語言點(diǎn)：娛樂界。語法點(diǎn)：must/can’t對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的肯定/否定猜測(cè)。Lesson129-130語言點(diǎn)：交通狀況。語法點(diǎn)：must/can’thavebeen….對(duì)過去事情的肯定/否定猜測(cè)。Lesson131-132語言點(diǎn)：度假。語法點(diǎn)：may對(duì)現(xiàn)在/過去事情的肯定或否定猜測(cè)。以下學(xué)的知識(shí)慢慢與新二接軌：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Lesson83—90直接引語變成間接引語：Lesson99—102形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：Lesson107—112neither,so的用法：Lesson113—114不定代詞的用法：Lesson115—116過去進(jìn)行和過去完成時(shí)：Lesson117—120定語從句：Lesson121—124情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的綜合用法：Lesson125—132直接引語變間接引語：Lesson133—136（著重講時(shí)態(tài)的倒推）if的用法：Lesson137—140被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Lesson141—144英語中的時(shí)態(tài)一共有八種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)。今天我們所要講的就是第一種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。1、含有be動(dòng)詞的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首IsheateacherIsthegirlverybeautifulAreTimandJackstudents★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis./No,heisnot.Yes,sheis./No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.2、不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子。(1)第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.★變疑問句在句首加does,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳oeshelikebooksDoesshelikehimDoesthedoglikebones★變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn't,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱變化。Hedoesn'tlikebooks.Shedoesn'tlikehim.Thedogdoesn'tlikebones.★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn'tYes,itdoes./No,itdoesn't.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。(2)其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.★變疑問句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabathDowehaveanymeatDothestudentslikesmartteachers★變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加don't.Youdon'twanttohaveabath.Wedon'thaveanymeat.Thestudentsdon'tlikesmartteachers.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Yes,wedo./No,wedon'tYes,theydo./No,theydon't.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成：主語＋be動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其它成分Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑問句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞＋主語＋現(xiàn)在分詞Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞（必背）表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：1.表示感覺，感官的詞see,hear,like,love,want2.have,has當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago...含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將be動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式。am,is的過去式為was,are的過去式為were：Iwasatthebutcher's.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Wereyouatthebutcher's?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notIwasnotatthebutcher's.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere./No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑問句Whatdidyoudo?（必背）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式：Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★變疑問句在句首加did，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳idyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?★變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.Yes,hedid./No,hedidn't.Yes,theydid./No,theydidnot.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have,has+過去分詞用法：1）表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just,usually,already,since等時(shí)間副詞連用。Ihavejusthadlunch.（飽了，不用再吃了。）Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了。）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。）2）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4）表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeent