2022屆高考高三英語真題閱讀詞匯精講No.17 2018年全國一卷C篇閱讀

No.172018年全國一卷C篇閱讀Step1.做題前背單詞掃盲populate[?p?pjule?t]v.居住于;生活于;構(gòu)成…的人口;遷移;移居;殖民于;(給文件)增添數(shù)據(jù)，輸入數(shù)據(jù)hunt[h?nt]vt.尋找；狩獵，獵取hunter[?h?nt?]n.獵人gatherer[?ɡ?e?r?(r)]n.收集者;采集者pattern[?p?t(?)n]n.式樣independence[?nd??pend?ns]n.獨立independent[?nd??pend?nt]a.獨立的,有主見的depend

[d??pend]vi.依靠,依賴,指望；取決于expert[?eksp??t]n.專家,能手afterward(s)[?ɑ?ft?w?d(z)]ad.后來settle

[?setl]vi.安家，定居settlement

[?set?lm?nt]n.新拓居地；（美）部落，村落；解決；協(xié)議settler

[?setl?]n.移居者，開拓者farm

[fɑ?m]n.農(nóng)場；農(nóng)莊farmer

[?fɑ?m?]n.農(nóng)民trade[tre?d]n.貿(mào)易vt.用…進行交換industry[??nd?str?]n.工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)spread

[spred]v.延伸；展開universal[ju?n??v??s(?)l]a.普遍的，全體的universe[?ju?n?v??s]n.宇宙compulsory

[k?m?p?ls?r?]a.強制的,必須做的globalisation[?gl??b?la?'ze??n]n.全球化globe[ɡl??b]n.地球儀,地球global[?ɡl??bl]adj.全球的;全世界的;整體的;全面的;總括的globallyadv.globalize[?ɡl??b?la?z]v.(使)全球化，全世界化decade

[?deke?d]n.十年期dominant[?d?m?n?nt]adj.首要的;占支配地位的;占優(yōu)勢的;顯著的;(基因)顯性的，優(yōu)勢的n.[生]顯性性狀;顯性基因;優(yōu)勢物種;[樂]全階第五音;主因;要素huge[hju?d?]a.巨大的，龐大的uneven[?n?i?vn]adj.凹凸不平的;不平坦的;無定型的;不規(guī)則的;無規(guī)律的;質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定的rule[ru?l]n.規(guī)則,規(guī)定vt.統(tǒng)治,支配ruler[?ru?l?]n.統(tǒng)治者；直尺zone[zu?]n.區(qū)域；范圍hot[h?t]a.熱的hotdog[h?td?ɡ]n.熱狗(紅腸面包)Europe*[?j??r?p]n.歐洲European[j??r??pi??n]a.歐洲的,歐洲人的Africa[??fr?k?]*n.非洲African

[??fr?k?n]a.非洲的,非洲人的，非洲人Asia

[?e???]*n.亞洲Asian

[?e??(?)n,?e??(?)n]a.亞洲(人)的n.亞洲人almost

[???lm??st]ad.幾乎,差不多account

[??ka?nt]n.賬目;描述accountant

[??ka?nt?nt]n.會計,會計師well[wel](better,best)ad.好,令人滿意地,完全地a.好的,健康的int.表示驚訝同意或猶豫等,亦用于接話語;好吧,哎呀;n.井speaker[?spi?k?]n.演講人，演說家total[?t??t(?)l]a.總數(shù)的;總括的;完全的,全然的n.合計,總計v.合計為totally['t??t?l?]ad.總合地，完全地elderly[?eld?li]adj.年紀較大的，上了年紀的(婉辭，與old同義);老人;上了年紀的人random[?r?nd?m]a.隨意的,胡亂的，未經(jīng)事先考慮的mark[mɑ?k]n.標記vt.標明,作記號于advanced[?d?vɑ?nst]adj.先進的;高級的;高等的;(發(fā)展)晚期的，后期的v.(為了進攻、威脅等)前進，行進;(知識、技術等)發(fā)展，進步;促進;推動lifestyle[?la?fsta?l]n.生活方式;工作方式result

[r??z?lt]n.結(jié)果，效果v.(因…)發(fā)生;(隨…)產(chǎn)生geography

[d????ɡr?f?]n.地理學determination

[d?t??m??ne??(?)n]n.決心determine

[d??t??m?n]vt.決定；決心evolution[i?v??lu??(?)n]n.進化,演變revolution

[rev??lu??(?)n]n.革命，變革Step2.背過單詞后做題CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialization.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6800B.About3400C.About2.400D.About1-20031.Whatistheminideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.PeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguagesC.HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案BCBCStep3.對全文進行書面翻譯