高考英語閱讀微技能訓練主旨大意

閱讀微技能訓練3一主旨大意（1）主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。此類題數量較大，在15個題中約占3-4個。?設問特點：.考查全文主旨或段落大意。正確選項概況范圍大小恰當，主旨判斷準確。.錯誤選項的特點常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss 等詞提問。??？紗栴}：」）.中心思想類TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThemainpoint/ideaofthepassageis …Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith …？Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?.標題類Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe ….目的類Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto …Thepassageismeantto???.Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto …?技巧點撥：.尋找主題句：抓住段落或文章主題的捷徑之一就是在段落或文章中尋找主題句。主題句是指能表達或概況段落主題或文章主要內容的句子， 通常是一個簡潔、完整、具有概況性的句子，較多出現在說明文和議論文中，而其他句子則圍繞著主題句展開進行說明解釋或擴展。主題句在文中的位置：1）開門見山：提出主題細節(jié)支撐闡明主題2）段末點睛：細節(jié)描述歸納要點概括主題3）段中點旨：細節(jié)描述一歸納主題一進一步解釋4）無主題句：考生需根據文章中所敘述的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結文章的大意.捕捉關鍵詞：略讀是概括和歸納文章或段落大意的基本方法。 略讀時要快，把注意力集中在關鍵詞 （即實詞）上，非關鍵詞（即虛詞）則一帶而過。注意出現頻率高的詞可能是蘊涵中心思想的關鍵詞，分析歸納篩選出最能表達主旨或這這意圖的關鍵詞，繼而確定文章的主旨大.仔細推敲選項:干擾項的特點有：“以偏概全”：選項范圍太窄，只表達局部信息或某一細節(jié)，片面、單一的內容應排除，注意鎖定選項中的重點詞?！爸黝}擴大”：概括范圍太寬，表達的內容超出或多于文章闡述的內容。這種選項可以反過來考慮，若以這個主題，這篇文章可以“斷章取義”：根據某一句話或者某幾句就斷然指定段落的大意。?技巧操練：例1:Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterriblediseases(illness)cancers,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexampleitcan.giveona “smoker'scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekillercancer,smokingisharmful.Tothink:Whichsentenceisthetopicsentence?Whichsentencesarethesupportingsentences?Whichsentenceistheconcludingsentence?例2:Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Therelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithouteachother.Thisissoin thecoralsofthesea.Intheirskinstheyhavetinyplantswhichactas"dustman",takingsomeofthewasteproductsfromthecoralsandgivinginreturnoxygenwhichtheanimalneedstobreathe.Iftheplantsarekilled,orareevenpreventedfromlightsothattheycannotlivenormally,thecoralswilldie.Whatdoestheparagraphmainlydiscuss?Someanimalsandplantsdependoneachotherforexistence.Someanimalsandplantsdeveloptheirrelationshipeasily.Someplantsdependoneachotherforfood.Someanimalslivebettertogether.例3:Alaska'sicewaterteemswithfish.Fishingindustryistheleadingindustry.Thevalueofproductspreparedeveryyearformarketisabout$1000,000,000.ThisformstheimportantpartofAlaska'swealth.Thepassagedealswith.A.geographyofAlaskaB.fishingindustryofAlaskaC.fishmarketofAlaskaD.Alaska'swealth例4:Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Itrequiresyoutopredictwhatotherroaduserswilldoandgetreadytoreacttosomethingunexpected,Whenalcoholisconsumed,itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepressant,damagingeyesight,judgmentandco-ordination,slowingdownreactiontimeandgreatlyincreasingtheriskofaccidents.Evenbelowthedrinkdrivinglimit,drivingwillbeaffected.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.A.theintroductionofdrivingskillsB.thedamageofdrinkingtoyourbodyC.theeffectofdrinkingondrivingD.theprocessofalcoholbeingabsorbed例5:Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows"everything"mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Themainideaofthispassageristhat.aninnocentpersonlooksmoreguiltythanaprofessionalcriminaldoesthemanwhoknows"everything"mayreallyknowsnothingwearefoolishifwejudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceitisdifficulttotelltheguiltyfromtheinnocent.例6:Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworldand,atitbest,itmakeslittleenvironmentalinfluence.Butwithincreasingnumbersofpeoplewantingtoescapeintothewilderness,itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttocampunobtrusively（ 不弓I人注目地）andleavenomark.Wildcampingisnotpermittedinmanyplaces,particularlyincrowdedlowlandBritain.Whereveryouare,findoutaboutorganizationsresponsibleformanagingwildspaces,andcontactthemtofindouttheirpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding.Forexample,itisfinetocampwildinremotepartsofScotland,butinEnglandyoumustaskthelandowner'spermission,exceptinnationalparks.Campingisabouthavingrelaxation,sleepingoutdoors,experiencingbadweather,andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy,fully-equippedcampsiteseemstogoagainstthis,soseekoutsmaller,moreremoteplaceswitheasyaccesstoopenspacesandperhapsbeaches.Betterstill,findacampsitewithnoroadaccess:Walkinginmakesarealadventure.Findingtherightspottocampisthefirststeptoguaranteeingagoodnight'ssleep.Chooseacampsitewithprivacyandminimuminfluenceonothersandtheenvironment.Trytouseanareawherepeoplehaveobviouslycampedbeforeratherthancreatinganewspot.Whencampinginwoodland,avoidstandingdeadtrees,Whichmayfallonawindynight.Avoidanimalrunsandcaves,andpossiblehomesofbitinginsects.Makesureyouhavemostprotectiononthewindwardside.Ifyoumakeafire,dosodownwindofyourshelter.Alwaysconsiderwhatinfluenceyoumighthaveonthenaturalworld.Avoiddamagingplants.Agoodcampsiteisfound,notmade-changingitshouldbeunnecessary.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.theprotectionofcampsites B.theimportanceofwildcampingC.thehumaninfluenceoncampsites D.thedosanddon'tsofwildcamping例7:Magellan'smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal, buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.Fin allyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.Hismenfledandcontinuedth eirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellan'svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.6.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Magellan'sDeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldC.TheWorldIsRoundD.Magellan'sVoyage例8:Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence,accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withthe introductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).The「SaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.aLiteracyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,"saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren 'sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon"inthechildren'sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed“bookatthelastclass.Theprogramwassosuccessfulthatthe