初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)09665

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)09665初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)09665初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)09665資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)09665版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講解與訓(xùn)練學(xué)案適用者：宋瀟(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)分類：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 Tom(執(zhí))cleans(謂動(dòng))theroom(承)everyday. (主動(dòng))Theroom(承)iscleaned(謂動(dòng))byTom(執(zhí))everyday. (被動(dòng))被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞done，即bedone，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時(shí)往往不用by短語(yǔ)。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.(3)突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語(yǔ)。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗戶是邁克打破的。(三)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。以do為例，掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+done3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall/will+bedoneam/is/aregoingtobedone4．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+done5．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can/may/must/should/havetobedone以下時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+done過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+been+done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should/would+bedone(四)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.執(zhí)行者動(dòng)詞承受者→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者謂語(yǔ)by+執(zhí)行者1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be+過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。練習(xí)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.___________________________inthesouthofthecountry.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.TheCD-ROM___________________________NancyJackson.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.Thecharityshow___________________________intheschoolhall.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbook___________________________here.5．含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomework____________________________________afterclass.(五)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問(wèn)題1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，先找原主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)2.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說(shuō)： Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如： bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。 (1)Thebookwasshowntotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,如：buy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,sing等。 (1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：動(dòng)詞+介詞，如:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。動(dòng)詞+副詞，如:sellout,findout,giveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.4.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)(2)Shetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo…)→Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo…)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.記住下列變化：seesbdo… beseentodohearsbdo…. beheardtodolistentosbdo belistenedtotodomakesbdo… bemadetodo5.有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或使用性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如： (1)Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 (3)Theprinterprintsquickly.這個(gè)打印機(jī)打印很快。對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動(dòng)句)6.只有動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。下列情況的主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一，感官連系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)意義，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。 (1)—Doyoulikethematerial—

Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。如： Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.誤：Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight..第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。 Thesunhasalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如： ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.7.在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：據(jù)說(shuō)……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.眾所周知……ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.8.注意區(qū)別系表結(jié)構(gòu)（be+adj.）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Hisglassesarebroken.(系表)Hisglasseswerebrokenbythecat.(被動(dòng))Thedoorisclosed.(系表) ThedoorwasclosedbyTom.(被動(dòng))Heissurprised.(系表) Hewassurprisedbythesnake.(被動(dòng))被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（一）一、用動(dòng)詞的正確語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。English_________(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.Thetown___________(call)Rugao.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.What_____aknife______(make)of

It___________(make)ofmetalandwood.

Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.Theroom_____________(clean)byMumalready.Youdon’tneedtocleanit.Thesportsmeeting________________(hold)inaweek.Heishappythathisdream_______________(come)true.Thecinema_______________(build)in1985.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.______themagazine____________(cantake)outofthelibrary?

三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。

（1×30=30分）1.IsteagrowninSouthChina（改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）_______people_________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Abirthdaypresent_______

_______

_______

_______bymyparentseveryyear．3.Theworkisgoingtobefinished

intwodays.

(對(duì)劃線提問(wèn))How_______

_______theworkgoingtobefinished

4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

AnEnglishsong______

______

_______bythechildren.

5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

It______

________

________byyounow.

6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

Metal________

_________

_______makingmachines.

7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

I______

________

________

______thatforhim.

8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_______

_______

_______

bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?

10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

Thelightgreendresses________

_________

___________out.

11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thegame_______

________“Lianliankan”byus.二.選擇題()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build

()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened

()3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow

()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited

()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives

()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted

()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone

()8.Neitherofthem______inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made

()9.Look!Anicepicture____forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws

()10.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn

()11.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent

()12.--When___thiskindofcomputers______

--Lastyear.

A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

()13.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown

()14.I____insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn

()15.HesaysthatMrZhang_____tothefactorynextweek.

A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent

()16.Who_____thisbook_____

A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written

()17.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto

()18.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

()19.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput

()21.Olderpeople____well.

A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter

()22.Ourteacher______carefully.

A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（二）一、把下列句子改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory.__________________________________

2.Everybodylikesthissong.__________________________________

3.Hedoesn'tshowthestampstome.__________________________________

4.Peopledon'tgrowriceinthewestofJapan._____________________________

5.HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble._______________________________

6.Dotheworkersbuildmanybuildings

__________________________________

7.DoesKatesometimesbreakglasses

__________________________________

8.DoyoualwayssendalettertoMrHu

__________________________________

9.Whatdoestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo_

________________________

10.Howmanydesksdotheybuyeveryterm_

_________________________________

11.Theysoldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplastweek.____________________

12.Grannytoldusastorylastnight.__________________________________二.選擇題:()1.Greatchanges______inChina.A.arehappened

B.washappenedC.hashappened

D.havehappened()3.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld. A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown()4.Who______thisbook______

A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written()5.Astory______byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus B.wastoldtous C.istoldus D.toldus()6.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump()7.Theschoolbag______behindthechair.A.puts B.canbeput C.beput D.canput()8.Olderpeople______well.A.looksafter B.mustbelookedafterC.mustlooka