2019年6月英語六級第2套聽力原文

2019年6月英語六級第2套聽力原文2019年6月英語六級第2套聽力原文2019年6月英語六級第2套聽力原文資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月2019年6月英語六級第2套聽力原文版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：Conversation1W:Wow!IwouldgiveanythingtobemorelikeAudreyHepburn!M:（1）Ineverreallyunderstoodwhysomanygirlsweresuchbigfansofher.ImeanI'veseenthefamousfilms,RomeHoliday,breakfastatTiffany's,andafewothers,butIstilldon'tfullygetit.Wasshethatgreatofanactress?

W:Well,forme,myadorationgoesbeyondhermovies.Shehadsuchaclassiceleganceabouther.Shewasalwayssopoised,inpartbecauseshespentyearstrainingasaballetdancerbeforebecominganactress.M:Whydidn'tshesticktodancingasacareer?W:Itseemsitwasfate.(2)Shesufferedfrominadequatenutritionduringthewar,andthereforeacareerasaprofessionaldancerwouldhavebeentoodemandingonherbody.Soshefocusedonactinginstead.RomanHolidaywasherfirstbigbreakwhichmadeherastar.M:WasthatthefilmthatopenedwithhershoppingforjewelryinNewYorkcity,youknow,thesceneshewaswearingablackdressanddarksunglasseswithapearlnecklaceandlongblackglovesIseethephotoofherinthatcostumeeverywhere.W:No,thatoneisBreakfastatTiffany's.Thatcostumeisoftenreferredtoasthemostfamouslittleblackdressofalltime.(3)Hercharacterinthatfilmisveryoutgoingandcharming,eventhoughinreallifeAudreyalwaysdescribedherselfasshyandquiet.M:Sowhatdidshedoafterheractingcareer?W:(4)Shededicatedmuchofherlifetohelpingchildreninneed.Herfamilyreceivedinternationalaidduringthewarwhenshewasgrowingup.Ithinkthatleftabigimpressiononher.That'swhereIgottheideatovolunteerforchildren'scharitynextweekend.M:I'lljoinyou.ImaynotbeascharmingasAudreyHepburn,butI'mallforsupportingagoodcause.對話1Wow,IwouldgiveanythingtobemorelikeAudreyHepburn.哇！如果我能變得更像奧黛麗·赫本那樣的話，無論讓我付出什么我都愿意。Ineverreallyunderstoodwhysomanygirlsweresuchbigfansofher.我真的不能理解為什么這么多女孩都那么喜歡她。ImeanI'veseenthefamousfilms,RomanHoliday,BreakfastatTiffany'sandafewothers,butIstilldon'tfullygetit.我的意思是，我看過她的很多著名電影，《羅馬假日》、《蒂凡尼的早餐》等，但我還是無法完全理解。Wasshethatgreatanactress?她是那么偉大的女星嗎？Well,forme,myadorationgoesbeyondhermovies.好吧，就我而言，我對她的喜歡不僅僅限于其電影。Shehassuchaclassiceleganceabouther.她有一種堪稱經(jīng)典的優(yōu)雅。Shewasalwayssopoised.她總是那么高雅。Inpart,becauseshespentyearstrainingasaballetdancerbeforebecominganactress.部分原因是她在成為演員之前有數(shù)年時(shí)間都在接受芭蕾舞訓(xùn)練。Whydidn'tshesticktodancingasacareer?為什么她沒有將跳舞作為職業(yè)呢？Itseemsitwasfate.或許是因?yàn)槊\(yùn)吧。Shesufferedfrominadequatenutritionduringthewar,andthereforeacareerasaprofessionaldancerwouldhavebeentoodemandingonherbody.她在戰(zhàn)時(shí)營養(yǎng)不良，如果做職業(yè)舞者的話，對她身體的要求就非常高。Soshefocusedonactinginstead.所以她就專注于演戲。RomanHolidaywasherfirstbigbreak,whichmadeherastar.《羅馬假日》是她的第一部爆款，她因此成為明星。WasthatthefilmthatopenedwithhershoppingforjewelryinNewYorkCity?那部電影的開頭是不是她在紐約買珠寶？Youknow,thesceneshewaswearingablackdressanddarksunglasseswithapearlnecklaceandlongblackgloves.在那幕里，她穿著黑裙，戴著黑色太陽鏡和珍珠項(xiàng)鏈，還有一副長的黑手套。Iseethephotoofherinthatcostumeeverywhere.我在任何地方都可以看到她穿著那身衣服的照片。No,thatwasBreakfastatTiffany's.不是的，那是在《蒂凡尼的早餐》。Thatcostumeisoftenreferredtoasthemostfamouslittleblackdressofalltime.那身衣服常常被認(rèn)為是最著名的小黑裙。Hercharacterinthatfilmisveryoutgoingandcharming,eventhoughinreallife,Audreyalwaysdescribedherselfasshyandquiet.她在那部電影里非常外向，充滿魅力，不過在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，赫本一直稱自己是一個(gè)害羞和安靜的人。So,whatdidshedoafterheractingcareer

所以她在演藝生涯結(jié)束后做了什么？Woman:Shededicatedmuchofherlifetohelpingchildreninneed.她將大多數(shù)時(shí)間致力于幫助貧困兒童。Herfamilyreceivedinternationalaidduringthewarwhenshewasgrowingup.在她的成長過程中，她的家庭在戰(zhàn)亂時(shí)接受了國際援助。Ithinkthatleftherbigimpressiononher.我覺得這給她留下了很深的印象。That'swhereIgottheideatovolunteerforchildren'scharitynextweekend.因此我決定下周末為兒童慈善機(jī)構(gòu)做志愿服務(wù)。I'lljoinyou.我想和你一起去。ImaynotbeascharmingasAudreyHepburn,butI'mallforsupportingagoodcause.我可能不像赫本那樣有魅力，但是我完全支持做善事。1.Whatdoesthemansayheneverreallyunderstood?

1.這位男士說他永遠(yuǎn)理解不了什么？2.WhatpreventedAudreyHepburnfrombecomingaprofessionaldancer?2.赫本未能成為職業(yè)舞者的原因是什么？3.WhatdowelearnaboutAudreyHepburninreallife?3.我們能從赫本的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中知道什么？4.WhydidAudreyHepburndevotemuchofherlifetocharityafterheractingcareer?

4.為什么赫本在演藝生涯過后致力于慈善事業(yè)？ Conversation2對話2Sohowisourpresentationaboutthereconstructuringofthecompanycomingalong?關(guān)于公司結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的演示現(xiàn)在做得怎么樣了？Fine,Iamputtingthefinishingtouchestoitnow,butwewillhavetobepreparedforquestions.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)快要接近完成了，但是我們要準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對提問。Yes,thereisalreadyafeelingthatthisisatop-downchange,wereallyneedtogeteveryoneonboard.是的，員工們已經(jīng)感覺到這是一個(gè)至上而下的改變，我們的確需要讓大家都同意。Well,there'sbeenanextensiveconsultationperiod.不過已經(jīng)有很長一段協(xié)商期了。Iknow,butthereisalwaysthefeelingthatifitisn'tbroken,don'tfixit.我知道，但是總有人感覺如果沒有完全破裂的話，并不需要解決。Peopleareworriedabouttheirjobstoo.Ithinkweneedtoaddressthatwhiletherewillbesomejobchanges,therewon'tbeanyonegettingdismissed.Infact,wearelookingtotakeonmorestaff.人們也擔(dān)心自己的工作。我覺得我們需要說明，盡管會(huì)有一些崗位調(diào)整，但是沒有人會(huì)被解雇。事實(shí)上我們要招聘更多的員工。Agreed.Youcanhardlyblamepeopleforworrying,though.是的，但是真的不能責(zé)怪人們的擔(dān)憂。Weneedtomakeitclearthatit'snotjustchangeforchange'ssake.我們需要說明，這并不是為了調(diào)整而調(diào)整。Inotherwords,wereallymustmakethecaseforwhywearedoingit.So,what'stheoutlineofthepresentation?也就是說，我們的確必須解釋清楚，我們?yōu)楹芜@么做。所以，這個(gè)演示的大綱是怎樣的？I'llstartwiththebriefreviewofthereasonsforthechangethatwereallyneedtomakeacleanbreaktorestartgrowth.開頭我會(huì)簡短地回顧一下調(diào)整的原因，我們真的需要采取措施再次實(shí)現(xiàn)增長。Afterthat,I'lloutlinethenewcompany'sstructuresandwhoisgoingwhere.然后我會(huì)大致講一下新公司的架構(gòu)以及每個(gè)人的崗位。Thenwewillhanditovertoyoutodiscussthetimelineandsummarizeandwe'lltakequestionstogetherattheend.Anythingelse?

然后你來討論一下時(shí)間安排，進(jìn)行總結(jié)，最后一起回答問題。還有其他事情嗎？Oh,yeah.Weshouldletthestaffknowthechannelsofcommunication,youknow,whotheycancontactordirectquestionstoaboutthesechanges.好的。我們應(yīng)該讓員工知道溝通的渠道，他們可以聯(lián)系誰，詢問誰關(guān)于這些調(diào)整的問題。Yes,andwecancollectsomefrequentlyaskedquestionsandpresentsomegeneralanswers.是的，我們應(yīng)該收集一些經(jīng)常被問到的問題，準(zhǔn)備一些通常的答案。Andwewillmakethepresentationandquestionsavailableviathecompany'sowncomputernetwork,right?

我們需要把演示和問題傳到公司內(nèi)部的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，是吧？Yes,we'llmakeapageonthenetworkwherestaffcandownloadallthedetails.是的，我們可以在網(wǎng)站上建一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁，員工們可以下載這些細(xì)節(jié)。Alright,perhapsweshoulddoapracticerunofthepresentationfirst.好的，或許我們應(yīng)該先練習(xí)一下演示過程。Youbet.當(dāng)然。5.Whatisthemangoingtodo?5.這位男士將要做什么？6.Whatdoesthemansayabouttherestructuring?6.這位男士就公司重組發(fā)表了什么看法？7.Whatwillthemanexplainfirst?7.這位男士首先要解釋什么？8.Howcanthestafflearnmoreaboutthecompany'srestructuring?8.員工如何了解更多關(guān)于公司重組的信息？Passage1短文1Airlinepassengershavetodealwithalotthesedays,gettingbumpedfromflightsandlosingluggageontopofthegenerallineanxietythatnervouspassengersalwaysfeel.AttheCincinnatinorthernKentuckyinternationalairport,miniaturehorsesdeliveracalmingforcetwotimesamonth.DenverandRubyaretwoofthethirty-fourththerapyhorsesbroughtinfromalocalfarm.Theycanusuallybefoundintheticketcounterareainteractingwithtravelers.Morethanthirtyairportsacrossthecountrynowhavetherapydogs.SanFranciscohasatherapypig.SanJose,California,beganadogprogramaftertheterroristattacksofSeptembertheeleventh.Sinceitsbeginning,theprogramhasnowgrownandhastwenty-onetherapydogsandatherapycat.Theanimalsdon'tgetstartled.Theyhavehadhundredsofhoursofairporttraining,sotheyareusedtohavingluggageandpeoplecrowdingaroundthem.Theseprofessionalanimalsareprobablybetteratfindingtheirwayintheairportsthanthemostfrequentoftravelers.Thepassengersoftensaythatseeinganimalsmakesthemfeelmuchbetterandhelpsthemtocalmdownbeforeaflight.Thislittlebitofsupportcansometimesmakeabigdifference.Somepassengersenjoytheanimalssomuchthattheycalltheairporttoscheduleflightsaroundtheirvisits.Visitstonursinghomesandschoolsarealsoaregularpartofthehorse'sschedule.Theirownerisalreadyworkingonanewideaforatherapyanimaldonkeys.現(xiàn)在飛機(jī)乘客要處理很多事情，飛機(jī)上的碰撞和丟失行李處于緊張乘客總是會(huì)感到的焦慮前列。在辛辛那提北肯塔基國際機(jī)場，小型馬每月提供兩次平靜治療。丹佛和魯比是三十四只治療馬中的兩只，來自當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)場。它們常常在售票區(qū)和旅客們互動(dòng)。全美有超過三十個(gè)機(jī)場都有治療用的狗。舊金山有一只治療用的豬。圣何塞和加利福尼亞在911恐怖襲擊之后就開始狗狗治療項(xiàng)目。自從開始，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)不斷壯大，現(xiàn)在有21只治療狗和一只治療貓。這些動(dòng)物不會(huì)受到驚嚇。它們已進(jìn)行數(shù)百小時(shí)的機(jī)場訓(xùn)練，所以它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了周圍的行李和人群。這些職業(yè)動(dòng)物可能比其他旅客更容易在機(jī)場里面找路。旅客們經(jīng)常說，看到動(dòng)物會(huì)讓他們的感覺更好，幫助他們在坐飛機(jī)前平靜下來。這些小的支持有時(shí)能產(chǎn)生很大的影響。有些乘客非常喜歡這些動(dòng)物，所以他們會(huì)讓機(jī)場把航班安排在有動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)的前后。去療養(yǎng)院和學(xué)校也是馬的日程里面常規(guī)的部分。他們的主人已經(jīng)在研究新的想法，讓驢子做治療動(dòng)物。9.WhatisspecialabouttheCincinnatinorthernKentuckyinternationalairport?9.辛辛那提北肯塔基國際機(jī)場有什么特別之處？10.Whatarethetrainedanimalsprobablycapableofdoinginanairport?

10.經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練的動(dòng)物可以在機(jī)場里面做什么？11.Whatdosomepassengerstrytodo?11.有些乘客試著做什么？Passage2短文2Hello,viewers.各位參觀者好！TodayI'mstandingatatwo-thousand-year-oldRoman-erasite.我們現(xiàn)在站在有著兩千年歷史的羅馬時(shí)期遺址上。Herethebrightlycoloredscenesthatoncedecoratedamansionarebeingdugup.這些顏色明亮的景象曾經(jīng)裝飾過一棟別墅，現(xiàn)在正在挖掘出來。ThesescenesareturningupinthesouthernFrenchcityofOral,surprisingthehistorianswhohavebeenworkingheresincetwothousandfourteen,這些景象都出現(xiàn)在法國南部城市歐樂，這令歷史學(xué)家們感到驚奇，他們從2014年開始一直在這里工作，patchesofpaintstillclingingtothestonewallsofthebedroomandreceptionhall.畫上修補(bǔ)的部分仍留在臥室和接待廳的石墻上。Someofthesepaintedwallsarepreservedinplacestoaheightofonemeter.一些繪有壁畫的墻保存在一米高的地方。Inaddition,thousandsoffragmentsthatfelloffthewallshavebeenrecovered,thesepieceshavebeenputbacktogetherwithgreatcareanddisplayavarietyofimages.另外，墻上脫落的無數(shù)碎片已經(jīng)得到修復(fù)，這些碎片被小心翼翼地放回原處，呈現(xiàn)各種不同的圖像。SomeoftheseimagesincludefiguresneverseenbeforeinFrance,suchasawomanplayingastringedinstrument,possiblyacharacterfrommythology.一些畫中包括之前在法國從沒有出現(xiàn)過的形象，例如一位女性在演奏弦樂，可能是神話中的人物。ThepaintingsweredonewithsuchskillandwithsuchexpensivedyesthatexpertsbelievetheartistoriginallycamefromItaly.這些畫都是以高超的技巧和昂貴的顏料創(chuàng)作，以至于專家們認(rèn)為藝術(shù)家來自于意大利。Theywerelikelyhiredbyoneofthecity'selite,perhapsaRomanofficialwantedPompeii-likeinteriortoremindhimofhome.他們可能是由城市的某位精英雇用，可能是一位羅馬官員想有龐貝古城那樣的內(nèi)部，讓他感覺到在自己家里。Hewasprobablystationedinthisprovincialtradingport,foundedin46B.C.asacolonyforveteransoftheRomanarmy.他可能駐扎在這個(gè)省級貿(mào)易港口，這里于公元前46年建立，是羅馬軍隊(duì)老兵的殖民地。Ormaybeawealthylocalwantedtoshowoffhisworldlysophistication.或許是當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)富人想要顯示自己的老練。Thepaintingsmayyieldevenmorestunningsurprisesasadditionalsectionsareputtogether,likepiecesofapuzzle,當(dāng)其他部分像拼圖游戲一樣拼到一起的時(shí)候，這些畫甚至可能帶來更令人震驚的驚奇。whoeveritwasthatcreatedsuchmagnificentpiecesofart,theysurelyhadnoideathattheirworkwouldstillbearoundthousandsofyearslater.無論是誰創(chuàng)造了這些壯觀的藝術(shù)，他們肯定不知道其作品會(huì)保留幾千年。12.Whereisthespeakerstanding?12.敘述者正站在何處？13.Whatdothethousandsoffragmentsdisplaywhentheyareputbacktogether?13.當(dāng)數(shù)千塊碎片拼到一起時(shí)呈現(xiàn)了什么？14.WhatmakesexpertsthinkthepaintingsweredonebyartistsfromItaly?

14.專家為何會(huì)覺得這些畫是由意大利藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作？15.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageabouttheownerofthemansion?15.從文中我們可以了解別墅主人的什么信息？Recording1錄音1Goodafternoon,class.下午好，同學(xué)們。TodayIwanttodiscusswithyouanewapproachtoempiricalresearch.今天我想和你們討論實(shí)證研究的一種新方法。Inthepast,scientistsoftenworkedalone.在過去，科學(xué)家們常常單打獨(dú)斗。Theywereconfinedtotheuniversityorresearchcenterwheretheyworked.他們受限于自己工作的大學(xué)或研究中心。Today,though,weareseeingmergersofsomeofthegreatestscientificminds,regardlessoftheirlocation.但現(xiàn)在，盡管處于不同的地方，我們看到一些最偉大的科學(xué)大腦的合作。Therehasneverbeenabettertimeforcollaborationswithforeignscientists.現(xiàn)在是和國外科學(xué)家合作的最好時(shí)期。Infact,theEuropeanUnionistakingthelead.事實(shí)上，歐盟正發(fā)揮帶頭作用。Spurredonbyfundingpolicies,halfofEuropeanresearcharticleshadinternationalco-authorsin2007,thisismorethantwicetheleveloftwodecadesago.受資助政策推動(dòng)，2007年有一半的歐洲研究論文都有國際合著者，這比二十年前多一倍。TheEuropeanUnion'slevelofinternationalco-authorshipisabouttwicethatoftheUnitedStates,Japan,andIndia.歐盟的國際合著數(shù)量大概是美國、日本和印度的兩倍。Evenso,thelevelsinthesecountriesarealsorising.即使這樣，這些國家的水平也在上升。Thisisasignofthecontinuedallureofcreatingscientificcoalitionsacrossborders.這是建立跨境科學(xué)聯(lián)盟的持久誘因的標(biāo)志。AndrewSchubert,aresearcherattheinstituteforsciencepolicyresearch,saysthattherisingcollaborationispartlyoutofnecessity.科學(xué)政策研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究員安德魯·舒伯特說，不斷增加的合作在一定程度上是出于必要。Thisnecessitycomeswiththeriseofbigscience.這種必要伴隨著大科學(xué)的崛起。Manyscientificendeavorshavebecomemorecomplicated.很多科學(xué)研究已變得越來越復(fù)雜了。Thesenewcomplicationsrequirethemoneyandlaborofmanynations.這些新的難題需要多個(gè)國家的資金和勞動(dòng)。Buthesayscollaborationshavealsoemergedbecauseofincreasedpossibilities.但是他說，合作的出現(xiàn)也是由于可能性增加。Theinternetallowslike-mindedscientiststofindeachother.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓想法相同的科學(xué)家相互聯(lián)系。Simultaneously,dramaticdropsincommunicationcostseaselong-distanceinteractions,andthere'sareward.同時(shí)，溝通成本大幅降低使長距離互動(dòng)變得更加簡單，這帶來了回報(bào)。Studiesofcitationcountsshowthatinternationalco-authoredpapershavebettervisibility.對引用率的研究表明，國際合作的論文識別度更高。Schubertsaysinternationalcollaborationisawaytospreadideasinwiderandwidercircles.舒伯特說，國際合作是在更寬廣的圈子里傳播觀點(diǎn)的一種方式。CarolineWagner,aresearchscientistatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,notesthatinternationalcollaborationsofferadditionalflexibility.喬治華盛頓大學(xué)的研究科學(xué)家卡羅琳·瓦格納說，國際合作提供了更多靈活性。Whereaslocalcollaborationssometimespersistpastthepointofusefulness,becauseofsocialoracademicobligations,internationalonescanbecultivatedanddroppedmorefreely.由于社會(huì)和學(xué)術(shù)義務(wù)，本土合作有時(shí)候在無用的情況下還是要持續(xù)，但國際合作的建立和退出更加自由。Thecollaborativetrendistrueacrossscientificdisciplines.Somefeelsthoughhaveagreatertendencyforit.跨越科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的合作趨勢是真實(shí)的。不過一些人感覺趨勢更強(qiáng)勁。Particlephysicistandastronomerscollaborateoften.This'sbecausetheymustshareexpensivefacilities.粒子物理學(xué)家和天文學(xué)家經(jīng)常進(jìn)行合作。這是因?yàn)樗麄儽仨毠蚕戆嘿F的設(shè)備。Mathematicians,bycontrast,tendhistoricallytowardssolitude.Asaconsequence,theylagbehindotherdisciplines.相反，數(shù)學(xué)家從來都傾向各自為戰(zhàn)。所以數(shù)學(xué)落后于其他學(xué)科。However,Wagnersayspartnershipsarerisingtheretoo.Thelevelofcollaborationalsovariesfromcountrytocountry.但瓦格納說，數(shù)學(xué)界的合作也在增加。不同國家的合作水平也不同。Therearehistoricalandpoliticalreasonsastowhycollaborationsemerge,saysWagner.瓦格納說，合作的出現(xiàn)有其歷史和政治原因。ThisriseisalsoapparentlyboostedbypoliciesembeddedinEuropeanframeworkfundingschemes.這種增長很明顯也是由歐洲框架資金計(jì)劃中的政策所推動(dòng)。Thesepoliciesunderliefundingrequirementsthatoftenrequireteamwork.這些提供資金的政策條件常常要求團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。16.WhatdowelearnabouttheresearchfundingpoliciesintheEuropeanUnion?16.關(guān)于歐盟研究資金政策，我們知道什么？17.Whydoresearcherstodayfavorinternationalcollaboration?17.為什么現(xiàn)在的研究人員傾向國際合作？18.Whatdowelearnaboutthefieldofmathematics?18.關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，我們知道什么？Recording2錄音2Goodevening,in1959,onthedaythatIwasborn,aheadlineinLifemagazineproclaimedTargetVenus,ThereMayBeLifeThere.晚上好，在1959年我出生的那一天，《生命》雜志的一個(gè)標(biāo)題宣布，金星上可能會(huì)有生命。Ittoldofhowscientistsrodeaballoontoanaltitudeof80,000feettomaketelescopeobservationsofVenus'satmosphere該文講述了科學(xué)家如何乘氣球到達(dá)八萬英尺高的地方用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測金星的大氣，andhowtheirdiscoveryofwaterraisedhopesthattherecouldbelivingthingsthere.以及他們發(fā)現(xiàn)水的這件事如何點(diǎn)燃金星上可能存在生命的希望。Asakid,IthrilledtotalesofadventureandIsaacasmostjuvenilesciencefictionnovel,LuckyStarrandtheOceansofVenus.小時(shí)候，我看少兒科幻小說《幸運(yùn)之星和金星海洋》時(shí)非常激動(dòng)。Formanyofmypeers,though,Venusquicklylostitsromance.但對于我的很多同伴而言，金星很快就失去了其浪漫色彩。TheveryfirstthingthatscientistsdiscoveredwithamissiontoanotherplanetwasthatVenuswasnotatalltheearthlyparadisethatfictionhadportrayed.科學(xué)家?guī)е蝿?wù)去另一個(gè)星球時(shí)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一件事就是，金星絕不是小說里描繪的那種世間天堂。Itisnearlyidenticaltoourownplanetandbulkpropertiessuchasmass,density,andsize.金星和我們的地球有很多相似的特征，例如質(zhì)量、密度和體積都差不多。Butitssurfacehasbeencookedanddriedbyanoceanofcarbondioxide,trappedintheburningdeathgripofarunawaygreenhouseeffect.但其表面被二氧化碳海洋烤干了，溫室效應(yīng)的酷熱籠罩著金星。Venushaslongbeenheldupasacautionarytaleforeverythingthatcouldgowrongonaplanetlikeearth.金星一直都在警告我們，像地球這樣的星球如果出了問題，就會(huì)像金星那樣。Asapossiblehomeforalienlife,ithasbeenvotedtheplanetleastlikelytosucceed.作為外星生命可能生活的家園，金星被認(rèn)為是最不可能有生命的星球。ButIhaverefusedtogiveuponVenus.但是我拒絕放棄金星上存在生命的希望。Andovertheyears,mystubbornloyaltyhasbeenjustified.在過去的多年里，我固執(zhí)的堅(jiān)持得到了證明。TherockyviewsglimpsedbytheNearerNineandotherRussianlanderssuggestedatorturedvolcanichistorythatwasconfirmedintheearly1990sbytheAmericanMagellanorbiter,接近九號探測器以及其他俄羅斯著陸艙看到的巖石景象表明，美國麥哲倫軌道飛行器在90年代所確認(rèn)的火山歷史確實(shí)存在，whichusedradartopeerthroughtheplanet'sthickcloudsandmapoutarich,variedanddynamicsurface.該飛行器使用雷達(dá)來穿透金星厚厚的云層，繪出該星球豐富多樣的動(dòng)態(tài)表面。Thesurfaceformedmostlyinthelastbillionyears,whichmakesitfresherandmorerecentlyactivethananyrockyplanetotherthanearth.金星表面主要是在過去十億年形成，導(dǎo)致其表面比除了地球之外的其他巖石星球都更新、更活躍。RussianandAmericanspacecraftalsofoundhintsthatitsancientclimatemighthavebeenwetter,cooler,andpossiblyevenfriendlytolife.俄羅斯和美國宇宙飛船還發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些跡象：金星的古代氣候可能更濕潤、更冷，可能甚至對生命更適宜。MeasurementsofdensityandcompositionimplythatVenusoriginallyformedoutofbasicallythesamestuffasearththatpresumablyincludedmuchmorewaterthanthetinytracewefindblowinginthethickairtoday.密度和構(gòu)成的測量表明，剛開始時(shí)形成金星的物質(zhì)和地球是相同的，比那些我們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)厚大氣層下飄動(dòng)的小痕跡包含更多的水。Thus,ourpictureofVenusataroundthattimelifewasgettingstartedonearthisoneofwarmoceans,probablyrichwithorganicmoleculessplashingaroundrockyshoresandvolcanicvents.因此，金星在地球生命起源時(shí)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)溫暖的海洋，巖石邊緣和火山口附近可能噴出大量有機(jī)分子。Thesunwasconsiderablylessbrightbackthen.當(dāng)時(shí)的太陽遠(yuǎn)沒有現(xiàn)在這么亮。So,Venuswasarguablyacozy,ahabitatforlifethanearth.所以，金星當(dāng)時(shí)是一個(gè)比地球更舒適的生命棲息地。19.WhatdowelearnfromtheLifemagazinearticle?19.我們從《生命》雜志的文章中知道什么？20.Whatarescientists'findingsaboutVenus?20.科學(xué)家圍繞金星的發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么？21.WhatinformationdidRussianandAmericanspaceprobesprovideaboutVenus?21.俄羅斯和美國的空間探測提供了關(guān)于金星的什么信息？Recording3錄音3I'mapsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Ispecializeinculturalpsychology,examiningsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEastAsiansandNorthAmericans.Ourresearchteamhasbeenlookingatculturaldifferencesinself-enhancingmotivations,helppeoplehavepositivefeelingstowardsnotonlythemselvesbutthingsconnectedtothemselves.Forexample,whenyouownsomething,youviewitasmorevaluablethanwhenyoudon'townit.It'scalledtheendowmenteffect.ThestrengthofthateffectisstrongerinwesternculturesthaninEastAsiancultures.Sowe'vebeenlookingatotherwaysofseeingwhetherthismotivationtoviewoneselfpositivelyisshapedbyculturalexperiences.We'vealsostartedtolookathowcultureshapessleep.Wearestillintheexploratorystagesofthisproject,althoughwhat'snoteworthythatEastAsiansonaveragesleepaboutanhourandahalflesseachnightthanNorthAmericansdo.Andit'snotamor