電子信息專業(yè)英語課件

專業(yè)英語主講：石翠萍專業(yè)英語主講：石翠萍1Unit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)Unit8DataCommunicationsUnit2ElectricalTechniqueUnit93rdGenerationMobileUnit3MicroelectronicsCommunicationsUnit4ElectronicCommunicationsUnit10ImagesandTelevisionsUnit5DigitalmodulationUnit11OpticalFiberUnit6DigitalSignalProcessingCommunicationUnit12ModernSwitchingTechnique

Unit

7ISDNUnit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)2Unit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.1科技英語的特點(diǎn)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多將其分解為適當(dāng)數(shù)目的簡(jiǎn)單分句，使之簡(jiǎn)化。例1.Theelectronbeamsweepsacrosseachlineatauniformrate,thenfliesbacktoscananotherlinedirectlybelowthepreviousoneandsoon,untilthehorizontallinesintowhichitisdesiredtobreakorsplitthepicturehavebeenscannedinthedesiredsequence.可將其分解為：beamsweepseachline.thenfliesbacktoscananotherline.itisdesiredtobreakpictureintolinesindesiredsequence.Unit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.1科技英語的特點(diǎn)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)3例2.Thetechnicalpossibilitiescouldwellexist,therefore,ofnation-wideintegratedtransmissionnetworkofhighcapacity,controlledbycomputers,interconnectedgloballybysatelliteandsubmarinecable,providingspeedyandreliablecommunicationsthroughouttheworld.該句的骨架是：Thepossibilitiesofnetworkcouldexist.例2.Thetechnicalpossibilities4被動(dòng)語態(tài)多科技英語為了避免主觀性和個(gè)人色彩，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。譯時(shí)可譯為“被”、“經(jīng)過”、“受了”、“由于“等。例3Adatabasemaybedesignedforbatchprocessing,real-timeprocessing,orin-lineprocessing.例4Ifweconsiderbinarytransmission,thecompleteinformationaboutaparticularmessagewillalwaysbeobtainedbysimplydetectingthepresenceorabsenceofpulse.被動(dòng)語態(tài)多科技英語為了避免主觀性和個(gè)人色彩，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。譯5例5Noisecanbeintroducedintotransmissionpathinmanydifferentways,perhapsviaanearbylightingstrike,thesparkingofacarignitionsystem,orthethermallow-levelnoisewithinthecommunicationequipmentitself.Lightingstrike照明Ignitionsystem點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)thermalnoise熱噪聲例5Noisecanbeintroducedin6非謂語動(dòng)詞多英語語法要求，每個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。如果有幾個(gè)動(dòng)作，則選出一個(gè)主要?jiǎng)幼鳟?dāng)謂語，其余動(dòng)作用非謂語動(dòng)詞表示。非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞多英語語法要求，每個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。如果有幾7例6Tobeatrueprofessionalrequireslifelonglearning.例7Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.例6Tobeatrueprofessional8詞性轉(zhuǎn)換多英語單詞中有不少是多性詞：既是名詞，又可作動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞等。如：currentadj當(dāng)前的n電流determinantadj確定的n行列式potentialadj潛在的n電位詞性轉(zhuǎn)換多英語單詞中有不少是多性詞：既是名詞，又可作動(dòng)詞、形9多是論述性問題，感情色彩淡句子力求簡(jiǎn)單嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因此常用省略手法和圖表表示法詞語力求短小精悍，常用復(fù)合詞文章力求層次分明，多用連接詞用詞較正規(guī)，多為技術(shù)性用詞多是論述性問題，感情色彩淡句子力求簡(jiǎn)單嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因此常用省略手法101.2詞匯詞匯普通詞匯專業(yè)詞匯縮寫詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯虛義詞1.2詞匯詞匯普通詞匯專業(yè)詞匯縮寫詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯虛義詞11常用專業(yè)詞匯electrondiodetransistorfield-effecttransistor(FET)oscillatorradioanodecathode電子二極管晶體管場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管振蕩器無線電通信（接收裝置）陽極陰極triode三極管常用專業(yè)詞匯electrondiodetransistorf12Ohm’slawamplifiermicroprocessorimpedanceelectromagneticwaveresonantfrequencyphase-shiftkeying(PSK)modemcodec歐姆定律放大器微處理器阻抗電磁波共振頻率調(diào)制解調(diào)器相移鍵控編解碼器Ohm’slawamplifiermicroprocess13NyquistrateRayleighfadingtransceiverserialdatatransmissionelectromagneticcarriermulti-accessrootmeansquareasynchronoustransmission奈奎斯特率瑞利衰落收發(fā)器串行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸電磁載波均方根異步傳輸多路存取的NyquistrateRayleighfadingtra14radiofrequencies(RF)electrical-opticalconversionopticalcarrieranalogmodulationfrequencyspectrumradio-relaytransmissionpacketswitchingfixedtelephoneservicespectrumallocation射頻電光轉(zhuǎn)換光載波模擬調(diào)制頻譜無線電中繼傳輸分組交換固定電話服務(wù)

頻譜分配radiofrequencies(RF)electrica15handoverfrequencyhoppedmulti-pathfadingringnetworkbusnetworkgateway移交跳頻多徑衰落環(huán)網(wǎng)總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)關(guān)handoverfrequencyhoppedmulti-16常用轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞普通含義專業(yè)含義resistance阻力，抵抗電阻（值）charge起訴，負(fù)責(zé)電荷；充電relay接轉(zhuǎn)，接力中繼器field田野，范圍（電、磁）場(chǎng)filter過濾器，漏斗濾波器rectifier修正者整流器regulator調(diào)整者穩(wěn)壓器filp-flop后手翻觸發(fā)器常用轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞17常用縮寫詞匯如AC,A/D，ADC,D/A等。常用縮寫詞匯如AC,A/D，ADC,D/A等。18虛義詞例：Theelectrons,asshowninFig.5,areverylight.如圖5所示，電子非常輕。（as引導(dǎo)主語定語）例：Thecurrentincreasesasthevoltagedoes.電流隨電壓的增大而增大（as表示伴隨）或：電流就像電壓那樣增大（as表示比較）例：Thecircuit，whileitcontainssomenonlineardevices，canbeconsideredlinear.盡管這個(gè)電路包含一些非線性器件，但它仍可看做是線性的。（while引導(dǎo)讓步從句）虛義詞例：Theelectrons,asshowni19例：Forallitsgreatsize,themachinemovesnoiselessly.盡管體積大，但該機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)噪聲很小。（for引導(dǎo)讓步短語）例：Forallitsgreatsize,the201.3虛擬語氣科技文寫作中常用的虛擬語氣形式有以下幾種：（1）條件式1）涉及現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r。從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去將來時(shí)。例：Iftherewerenogravitation,everythingwouldflyofftheearthintospace.2)涉及過去的情況。從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用過去將來完成時(shí)。例：If，thismethodhadbeenadopted(atthattime),muchtimewouldhavebeensaved.1.3虛擬語氣科技文寫作中常用的虛擬語氣形式有以下幾種：21（2）出現(xiàn)在某些主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的情況。1）在主語從句中例：Itisdesiredthattheswitch(should)produceonlyoneclockpulseeachtimeitisclosed.例：Itisnotnecessarythattheprimarybesuddenlyconnectedordisconnected.2）在賓語從句中例：Thisrequiresthatthetransistor(should)beproperlybiased.（2）出現(xiàn)在某些主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的221.4翻譯的技巧多義詞的含義選擇常是正確翻譯的難點(diǎn)，需根據(jù)上下文判斷。多注意翻譯中語言順序的變換。例：Transittimeistheprimaryfactorwhichlimitstheabilityofatransistortooperateathighfrequency.例：Inatransistortheoutputcurrentdependsupontheinputcurrent,henceitisacurrentoperateddevice.例：Themaindevicefailuremodeissecondarybreakdown.譯一：主要器件的失效模式是二次擊穿。（錯(cuò)）譯二：器件的主要失效模式是二次擊穿。（對(duì)）1.4翻譯的技巧多義詞的含義選擇常是正確翻譯的難點(diǎn)，需根23例：Anelectricfieldcanbeproducedbyanychargespresentinspace.譯一：電場(chǎng)可由空間存在的任何電荷所產(chǎn)生。譯二：空間存在的任何電荷均會(huì)產(chǎn)生電場(chǎng)。注意翻譯中含義的引申。例：Theproductyieldisasensitivefunctionofprocesscontrol.直譯：產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量是過程控制的靈敏函數(shù)。引譯：產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量與過程控制密切相關(guān)。例：Anelectricfieldcanbepro24例：Asrubberpreventselectricityfrompassingthroughit,itisusedasinsulatingmaterial.直譯：因?yàn)橄鹉z阻止電通過，所以用作絕緣材料。引申：因?yàn)橄鹉z不導(dǎo)電，所以用作絕緣材料。例：Asrubberpreventselectrici251.5常用的前綴和后綴見p16.Anti-反、防anti-clockwiseanti-corrosiveim-不（后接b,m,p）ImbalanceImmovableimpossibleil-不（后接l）irregularir-不（后接r）illegal-cy性質(zhì)accuracy-(i)ty性、度densitypossibility1.5常用的前綴和后綴見p16.Anti-反、防an261.6其它increasefourtimes增加到4倍/增加了3倍bereducedby70%降低了70%數(shù)量的增減公式的表述見p12.1.6其它increasefourtimes增加到4倍27專業(yè)英語主講：石翠萍專業(yè)英語主講：石翠萍28Unit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)Unit8DataCommunicationsUnit2ElectricalTechniqueUnit93rdGenerationMobileUnit3MicroelectronicsCommunicationsUnit4ElectronicCommunicationsUnit10ImagesandTelevisionsUnit5DigitalmodulationUnit11OpticalFiberUnit6DigitalSignalProcessingCommunicationUnit12ModernSwitchingTechnique

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7ISDNUnit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)29Unit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.1科技英語的特點(diǎn)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多將其分解為適當(dāng)數(shù)目的簡(jiǎn)單分句，使之簡(jiǎn)化。例1.Theelectronbeamsweepsacrosseachlineatauniformrate,thenfliesbacktoscananotherlinedirectlybelowthepreviousoneandsoon,untilthehorizontallinesintowhichitisdesiredtobreakorsplitthepicturehavebeenscannedinthedesiredsequence.可將其分解為：beamsweepseachline.thenfliesbacktoscananotherline.itisdesiredtobreakpictureintolinesindesiredsequence.Unit1科技英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.1科技英語的特點(diǎn)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)30例2.Thetechnicalpossibilitiescouldwellexist,therefore,ofnation-wideintegratedtransmissionnetworkofhighcapacity,controlledbycomputers,interconnectedgloballybysatelliteandsubmarinecable,providingspeedyandreliablecommunicationsthroughouttheworld.該句的骨架是：Thepossibilitiesofnetworkcouldexist.例2.Thetechnicalpossibilities31被動(dòng)語態(tài)多科技英語為了避免主觀性和個(gè)人色彩，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。譯時(shí)可譯為“被”、“經(jīng)過”、“受了”、“由于“等。例3Adatabasemaybedesignedforbatchprocessing,real-timeprocessing,orin-lineprocessing.例4Ifweconsiderbinarytransmission,thecompleteinformationaboutaparticularmessagewillalwaysbeobtainedbysimplydetectingthepresenceorabsenceofpulse.被動(dòng)語態(tài)多科技英語為了避免主觀性和個(gè)人色彩，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。譯32例5Noisecanbeintroducedintotransmissionpathinmanydifferentways,perhapsviaanearbylightingstrike,thesparkingofacarignitionsystem,orthethermallow-levelnoisewithinthecommunicationequipmentitself.Lightingstrike照明Ignitionsystem點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)thermalnoise熱噪聲例5Noisecanbeintroducedin33非謂語動(dòng)詞多英語語法要求，每個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。如果有幾個(gè)動(dòng)作，則選出一個(gè)主要?jiǎng)幼鳟?dāng)謂語，其余動(dòng)作用非謂語動(dòng)詞表示。非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞多英語語法要求，每個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。如果有幾34例6Tobeatrueprofessionalrequireslifelonglearning.例7Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.例6Tobeatrueprofessional35詞性轉(zhuǎn)換多英語單詞中有不少是多性詞：既是名詞，又可作動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞等。如：currentadj當(dāng)前的n電流determinantadj確定的n行列式potentialadj潛在的n電位詞性轉(zhuǎn)換多英語單詞中有不少是多性詞：既是名詞，又可作動(dòng)詞、形36多是論述性問題，感情色彩淡句子力求簡(jiǎn)單嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因此常用省略手法和圖表表示法詞語力求短小精悍，常用復(fù)合詞文章力求層次分明，多用連接詞用詞較正規(guī)，多為技術(shù)性用詞多是論述性問題，感情色彩淡句子力求簡(jiǎn)單嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因此常用省略手法371.2詞匯詞匯普通詞匯專業(yè)詞匯縮寫詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯虛義詞1.2詞匯詞匯普通詞匯專業(yè)詞匯縮寫詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯虛義詞38常用專業(yè)詞匯electrondiodetransistorfield-effecttransistor(FET)oscillatorradioanodecathode電子二極管晶體管場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管振蕩器無線電通信（接收裝置）陽極陰極triode三極管常用專業(yè)詞匯electrondiodetransistorf39Ohm’slawamplifiermicroprocessorimpedanceelectromagneticwaveresonantfrequencyphase-shiftkeying(PSK)modemcodec歐姆定律放大器微處理器阻抗電磁波共振頻率調(diào)制解調(diào)器相移鍵控編解碼器Ohm’slawamplifiermicroprocess40NyquistrateRayleighfadingtransceiverserialdatatransmissionelectromagneticcarriermulti-accessrootmeansquareasynchronoustransmission奈奎斯特率瑞利衰落收發(fā)器串行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸電磁載波均方根異步傳輸多路存取的NyquistrateRayleighfadingtra41radiofrequencies(RF)electrical-opticalconversionopticalcarrieranalogmodulationfrequencyspectrumradio-relaytransmissionpacketswitchingfixedtelephoneservicespectrumallocation射頻電光轉(zhuǎn)換光載波模擬調(diào)制頻譜無線電中繼傳輸分組交換固定電話服務(wù)

頻譜分配radiofrequencies(RF)electrica42handoverfrequencyhoppedmulti-pathfadingringnetworkbusnetworkgateway移交跳頻多徑衰落環(huán)網(wǎng)總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)關(guān)handoverfrequencyhoppedmulti-43常用轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞普通含義專業(yè)含義resistance阻力，抵抗電阻（值）charge起訴，負(fù)責(zé)電荷；充電relay接轉(zhuǎn)，接力中繼器field田野，范圍（電、磁）場(chǎng)filter過濾器，漏斗濾波器rectifier修正者整流器regulator調(diào)整者穩(wěn)壓器filp-flop后手翻觸發(fā)器常用轉(zhuǎn)義詞匯轉(zhuǎn)義詞44常用縮寫詞匯如AC,A/D，ADC,D/A等。常用縮寫詞匯如AC,A/D，ADC,D/A等。45虛義詞例：Theelectrons,asshowninFig.5,areverylight.如圖5所示，電子非常輕。（as引導(dǎo)主語定語）例：Thecurrentincreasesasthevoltagedoes.電流隨電壓的增大而增大（as表示伴隨）或：電流就像電壓那樣增大（as表示比較）例：Thecircuit，whileitcontainssomenonlineardevices，canbeconsideredlinear.盡管這個(gè)電路包含一些非線性器件，但它仍可看做是線性的。（while引導(dǎo)讓步從句）虛義詞例：Theelectrons,asshowni46例：Forallitsgreatsize,themachinemovesnoiselessly.盡管體積大，但該機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)噪聲很小。（for引導(dǎo)讓步短語）例：Forallitsgreatsize,the471.3虛擬語氣科技文寫作中常用的虛擬語氣形式有以下幾種：（1）條件式1）涉及現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r。從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去將來時(shí)。例：Iftherewerenogravitation,everythingwouldflyofftheearthintospace.2)涉及過去的情況。從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用過去將來完成時(shí)。例：If，thismethodhadbeenadopted(atthattime),muchtimewouldhavebeensaved.1.3虛擬語氣科技文寫作中常用的虛擬語氣形式有以下幾種：48（2）出現(xiàn)在某些主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的情況。1）在主語從句中例：Itisdesiredthattheswitch(should)produceonlyoneclockpulseeachtimeitis