初中英語非謂語動詞課件

初中英語課件此ppt下載后可自行編輯初中英語課件此ppt下載后可自行編輯初中英語非謂語動詞課件非謂語動詞講解NonfiniteVerbs非謂語動詞講解NonfiniteVerbs非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式1.謂語動詞：概述：2.非謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞

是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。非謂語動詞使用條件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.1.謂語動詞：概述：2.非謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞1Theteachers

sittingthere

are

fromotherschools.表語2Wesaw

someteachers

sittingthere.賓語補足語3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.賓語謂語賓語主語定語連系動詞劃分句子成分非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等.1Theteacherssittingtherea4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）4.Toseeyouisglad.（作主語）(作賓語12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主語）(作賓語）(作賓補）(作表語）(作狀語）(作定語）12.Swimmingishisfavourites動詞不定式（TheInfinitive）一.動詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號to加動詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成

肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.

被動式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二.動詞不定式的句法作用法動詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。動詞不定式（TheInfinitive）一.動詞不定式的動詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.

主語

賓語表語

定語

狀語

賓補動詞不定式Todothatsortofthing(1)作主語不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主語，將todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+謂語+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains(1)作主語不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。To句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Y(jié)ouareverykindtogivemesomehelp.

＝y(tǒng)ouareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.

句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.tod常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作賓語Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做賓語1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇want,dB.常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.B.常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:Idon'tknobeginstartcontinue+tododoing注意下列動詞①begin+todo注意下列動詞①②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoing②like+todo③rememberforgetregret+tododoing③remember+todo④trymeanstopgoon+tododoing④try+todo1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.

A.closing

B.closed

C.toclosing

D.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.

A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torest

D.rest4.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoff

B.turningoff

C.turnoff

D.toturningoff1.Boys,don'tforget_____th(3)作賓語補足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1.Mother

told

me

___

come

back

before

10

o’clock.

2.I’ll

get

someone

___

repair

the

recorder

for

you.

3.What

caused

him

___

change

his

mind?

4.I

wish

you

___

come

as

soon

as

possible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim(3)作賓語補足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系adviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwish

obligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todoadviseallowasksb.todoseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethavesee+sb.+domakeletsb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadeletsb.beseen+todomade2).I

often

hear

them

(sing)

this

song.Did

you

notice

anyone

(come

)in

?

I

would

have

him

(wait)

for

me

for

a

long

time.

Look

at

the

horse

jump.

注意：

當(dāng)這類動詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，

其后的不定式則要加上“

to”

如：Heisoftenheard________thesong·

He

was

seen

_______

the

room.tosingto

enter2).I

often

hear

them

(sing)

th4.it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We

thought

___

better

___

start

early.

2.Do

you

consider

___

better

not

__

go?3.

I

feel

__

my

duty

__

change

all

that.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.4.it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltowork用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.

A.went

B.going

C.togo

D.hasgone5.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlook

C.don'tlook

D.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。help5.

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定語)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系

Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(區(qū)別主被動）不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容

Ihavenochancetogothere.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語

Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式為不及物動詞時，須加介詞

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

5.

Ihavesomethingtotell1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.

A.tolivein

B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?

A.tocutthefruitwith

B.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruit

D.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper

（寫上）

4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen

（寫）towriteontowritewith動詞不定式做定語1.Thehouseisnotbigenough注意：

如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．(5)作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(結(jié)果)(條件)注意：

如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：動名詞（gerund）一.動名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.動名詞的性質(zhì)動名詞既具有動詞的特點有具有名詞的特點，具體表現(xiàn)為：1.動名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.動名詞（gerund）一.動名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)2.動名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.動名詞的功用1.可作主語①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous ③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftimecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.2.動名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語Areyouforo2.可作賓語①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些動詞后要求用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的這類動詞有：避免錯過(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建議完成(多)練習(xí)suggest/advisefinishpractise喜歡想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承認否定(與)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脫冒險(莫)原諒escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind注：在動詞advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.

我們不準(zhǔn)人們在這兒釣魚。Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚。2.可作賓語①S.+vt.+doingHaveyprefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介詞/短語動詞的賓語:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp(laugh).⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.prefer…..③主動表被動:want(需要)

need(需要)

require(需要)Sth.++doing

beworth(值得)

使用動名詞作賓語時，用主動形式表達被動含義tobedone使用不定式作賓語時，依然用被動形式表達被動含義①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)③主動表被動:wantd）動詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer”后接動名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。當(dāng)用在should,would之后時，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?

你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；goon；OthersExamplesd）動詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer五.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名詞在句中作主語:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動名詞在句中作賓語:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

Idon’tmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.五.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有分詞：Participles一分詞的概述1.分詞是“非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（PresentParticiple）和過去分詞（PastParticiple）。2.現(xiàn)在分詞：doing

過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞V+ed

不規(guī)則動詞3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語。分詞：Participles一分詞的概述1.分詞是“非謂現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。（1）前置定語Heisapromisingyoungman.

Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.

Weonlysellusedbooks.

我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.

上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.

)想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。Theman,

whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個人幾乎失去了記憶。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthne（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday

昨天討論的問題

（既表示被動也表示完成）thefallenleaves

落下的樹葉

(只表示完成，不表示被動)2、作表語分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被嚇得一動不動。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

你所說的真令從鼓舞。（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表3、作賓語補足語可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等詞。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看見他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。3、作賓語補足語可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有see,waA）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別四、作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

A）Iheardmybrother(singingHearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.WhentheyheardthebadnewsHearingthebadnews,WhenthGivenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.IftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentionGivenmoreattention,IftheyhBeingsoangry,

hecouldn’tgotosleep.BecausehewassoangryBeingsoangry,BecausehewasTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheyweresinginglaughingTheycameintotheclassroom,aToservethepeoplewell,

Istudyhard.InordertoservethepeoplewellToservethepeoplewell,判斷下列句子正誤：1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.判斷下列句子正誤：1.TolearnEnglishw判斷句子正誤并改正：1,Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Ican’tusethecup.判斷句子正誤并改正：1,Beingill,hiscl將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語Movedbythehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,2.WhenhefoundthedoorFindiHestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontimeHestartedearlyinorderthat將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句1.Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句1.Notknowing4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.

5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.

6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.4.Notknowingwheretogo,不定式時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法1.不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時，用一般時態(tài)

Hewantedtoseeyou2.強調(diào)不定式的動作正在進行時，用進行時態(tài)WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.強調(diào)不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時，用不定式完成時Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight

不定式被動語態(tài)的用法.A,當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(賓語)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主語)不定式時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法1.不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被動關(guān)系，也還要用主動語態(tài)1,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主動形式或被動形式均可但有時含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)現(xiàn)在沒事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)現(xiàn)在沒什么辦法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)沒有東西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不見有什么東西句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被分詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法

如果強調(diào)分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.

分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。分詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系時被動的，要用被動語態(tài)1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowed

如果強調(diào)分詞表示的動作正在進行時，要用分詞的進行時態(tài)。1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.分詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法如果強調(diào)分詞表示的動作Task:completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗嗎）?themaidasked.2.________________(沒有完成作業(yè)),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀請參加舞會),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem____________________(很難算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(沒有被邀請）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_________________(沒人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_________________(應(yīng)受譴責(zé)）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假裝再看書）12.NiPingissaid____________________(寫了一本名叫“日子”的書）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在寫一本叫“月子”的書）14._________________(從窗戶往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._________________(從山頂往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedoneTask:completethefollowing分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成（以study和go為例）

及物與不及物動詞

語態(tài)

時態(tài)類別

及物動詞

不及物動詞主動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)

主動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式studyingbeingstudiedgoing完成式havingstudiedhavingbeenstudiedhavinggoing過去分詞一般式studiedgone分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成（以study和go為例）及物與不及被動式：beingdone表示一個現(xiàn)在進行的完成動作。1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.完成式：havingdone所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.被動式：beingdone表示一個現(xiàn)在進行的完成動作。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。但有時候，分詞的動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出來的，它有自己的邏輯主語。

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語，多用于書面語。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主1．獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.1．獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweath（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeetin2．with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有較鮮明的特色。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，with后的賓語相當(dāng)于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語，其后面的詞相當(dāng)于這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語。這個結(jié)構(gòu)很像一個用來說明附帶情況或細節(jié)的，可以起狀語作用的句子。翻譯時，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來。（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

2．with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨立主（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Thetea4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’ts（6）with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.

Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞

All3.由Therebeing+主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。3.由Therebeing+主語Therebeing不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別： 不定式作主語時經(jīng)常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經(jīng)常表示抽象動作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretending D.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：Thanksalot!Thanksalot!不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別： 不定式作主語時經(jīng)常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經(jīng)常表示抽象動作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretending D.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式、動名詞用作主語1。直接作主語（1）眼見為實（2）今天早晨做早操對身體無益（3）在這里吸煙很危險1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼見為實。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸煙不是好習(xí)慣。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時經(jīng)常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經(jīng)常表示抽象動作不定式、動名詞用作主語1。直接作主語1.ToseeisA:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個由for引起的短語。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個of引起的短語，這些形容詞是：

(表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性）

kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.A:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，B:下列形容詞作動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做沒用（2）做無益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無益（4）學(xué)好英語是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主語，常與nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile連用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做小結(jié)：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別一、對稱原則二、特殊表達三、固定句型四、習(xí)慣用法主語和表語對稱動名詞表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作不等式表示具體的、某一次的動作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth小結(jié)：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別一、對稱原則主語和表語對稱todo表示具體的動作，-ingform表示泛指的動作，通常

1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis______(bite)nails（指甲）.

作表語todo表示具體的動作，-ingform表示泛指的動作（3）做表語：主語+系動詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可構(gòu)成將來時態(tài),表“準(zhǔn)備/打算/計劃/需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.（3）做表語：主語+系動詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞2。不定式作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）你這么說真是太好了（2）他說出這樣的話太愚蠢了（3）我們學(xué)好英語是必要的（4）你們學(xué)好英語語法并不難3.固定句型1.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.2.It’sveryfoolishofhimtosaysuchthings3.ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell4.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnwellEnglishgrammar（1）李壘每天花兩個半小時完成作業(yè)（2）你昨晚用多長時間寫完的作文？1.IttakesLiLei