Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件

Unit2Marrakechby

GeorgeOrwellUnit2Marrakech1Aims

1.Toknowthewritingtechniqueofexposition.2.Tolearnthemethodsindevelopinganexpositorywriting,esp.theuseofexamples.3.ToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesAims

1.Toknowthewritingte2TeachingContents

I.BackgroundKnowledgeII.TypeofWritingIII.TextualStructureIV.DetailedStudyoftheTextV.Exercises

TeachingContents

I.Backgro3I.BackgroundKnowledge

1.

Colony2.GeorgeOrwell3.

Morocco4.

Marrakech5.

TheJewsI.BackgroundKnowledge1.

41.GeorgeOrwell(1903--1950):

Penname:GeorgeOrwellRealname:EricABlairBritishnovelistandessayistMasterpiece:

AnimalFarm(1945)NineteenEighty-Four(1949)

1.GeorgeOrwell(1903--1950):5GeorgeOrwellWroteduringthe1930sandestablishedhimasoneofthemostimportantandinfluentialvoicesofthecentury.Orwellwasfamousforhispoliticalsatires.Hewasanuncompromisingindividualistandpoliticalidealist.Orwellarguedthatwritershaveanobligationoffightingsocialinjustice,oppression,andthepoweroftotalitarianregimes.GeorgeOrwell62.LocationofMorocco

:NorthernAfrica,borderingtheNorthAtlanticocean,theMediterraneanSea,betweenAlgeriaandMauritaniaand14kmfromsouthernSpain.2.LocationofMorocco:Northe7Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件8OfficialnameKingdomofMorocco(al-Mamlakahal-Maghribiyyah)

HeadofStateKingMohammedVI

CrownPrincePrinceMoulayRashid

PrimeMinisterAberrahmaneYoussoufi

Officialname9Yearofindependence:2March1956fromFrance

Capital:

Rabat

Population:

Money:

DirhamElectricity:

220voltsLanguageArabic(official),French(thesecondofficiallanguagefortheadministrationandbusinesses),Berberdialects(notofficial,butusedinsomepublications,radioandTVprogrammes)ReligionsMuslims98%,Christian1.8%,Jewish0.2%.Yearofindependence:Language10Geography

IthasthebroadestplainsandtallestmountainsinNorthAfrica.MostMoroccansliveintheAtlanticcoastalplains.Climate:thecoasthasaverymildclimateinthesummerandhumidinthewinter.Averagetemperaturefrom16°Cto26°C.Inlandismuchmorewarmerduringthesummerupto33°C.Crops:barley,wheat,corn,bean,peas,grapesFruits:orange,lemon,almond,date,plumsPlant:corkoak,evergreenoakGeography11NaturalResourceslargeminingresources:phosphates,oresofiron,manganese,zinc,cobalt,leadImportantoff-shorepetrolfieldsFarmingisthemainstayofMoroccaneconomy,althoughnomorethan10%ofMoroccoiscultivated.HistoryThehistoryofMoroccohasbeenshapedbytheoriginalBerberpeopleandthevariousforeignpeoplewhoinvadedthecountry:Germany,France,Spain,NaturalResources12Morocco--LandscapesMorocco--Landscapes13Morocco--TraditionsMorocco--Traditions14Morocco--CostumeMorocco--Costume15Morocco--FacesMorocco--Faces163.MarrakechLocationInwestcentralMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas.130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.ItistheprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco.Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.3.MarrakechLocation17MarrakechinMorocco

MarrakechinMorocco18Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件193.Marrakech:asymbolofMoroccoMarrakechisnotonlyafantasticcity,itisalsoasymboloftheMoroccothatoncewas,andwhichstillsurvivesthere.ItusedtobeMorocco’scapitaltwice.IntheoldArabicchroniclesMarrakechisnamedMraksch("thetown").ThenamehasbeenchangedoverthedecadestoMoroccowhichwaslatertakenasnameforthewholecountry.

Itisalsocalled“theredtown〞,becauseoftheredwallsurroundtheoldtown,themedina.3.Marrakech:asymbolofMoro20

Thefollowingsultansdestructedthepalaces

21Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件22Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件23Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件24Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件25

Acolony--asettlementinanewterritorymadebypeoplefromanothercountry.Oritisacountryorterritorythathasbeendevelopedbypeoplefromanothercountryandisstillfullyorpartlycontrolledfromthemother-country.--Coloniesoftenspeakthemothercountry’slanguage.Theyareruledbythesamegovernment.Theyselltheirgoodstomerchantsinthemothercountry.colonists(殖民者)

--

Peoplewhofoundacolony

arecalled.Thecountrythecolonistscomefromiscalledthemothercountry.

Acolony--asettlementina26

Colonial:colonialculture;colonialrulesColonialist:殖民主義者Colonialism:Thepracticebywhichapowerfulcountrydirectlycontrolslesspowerfulcountriesandusestheirresourcestoincreaseitsownpowerandwealthe.g...thebitteroppressionofslaveryandcolonialismItisveryinterestingtoreflectwhyEuropeancolonialismendedColonize:gotoliveinanewcountryandtakecontrolofit.

e.g.LiberiawasnevercolonizedbyEuropeanpowers.Colonizer,colonization.

e.g.theEuropeancolonizationofAmerica.Colonial:colonialculture;27--Non-settlementcolonies:anewkindofcolony.TheEuropeanssentjustenoughsoldiers,officialsandbusinessmentorulethepeoplewhoalreadylivedthere.Thesenon-settlementcolonieswereimportantasmarketsandassourcesofrawmaterialsforfactoriesintherulingcountries.--Non-settlementcolonies:a28II.TypesofWriting1.

Typeofliterature:---apieceofexposition2.

Thepurposeofapieceofexposition:---toinformorexplainII.TypesofWriting1.

Typeof29ExpositionExpositionisperhapsthetypeofwritingthatismostfrequentlyusedbyastudent,ascientist,oraprofessional.

Exposition---expounding

explainingExpositionExpositionisperhap30ExpositionAnexpositorypaperexplainsorexploressomething,suchastheprocessofmakingamachine,thecausesofanaturalorsocialphenomenon,theplanningofaproject,orthesolutionofaproblem.ExpositionAnexpositorypaper31ExpositionDescription--dealswithappearancesandfeelingsNarration---dealswitheventsandexperienceExposition---dealswithprocessesandrelationships

ExpositionDescription--deal32Definition

Thekeytoadefinitionisconcreteness.Onehastogiveconcretefactstomakeadefinitioneffective.

DefinitionThekeytoadefin332.ListingWemusthaveenoughnumberofitemstobelisted.Then,ifpossible,arrangetheitemsinthegradedorderofincreasingimportance.

2.ListingWemusthaveenou343.Examples

It'sthesimplest,themostcommon,bestmethod.3.Examples

It'sthesimpl354.Classification

Wehavetofollowasystemconsistently.Thecategoriesofdivisionshouldbemutuallyexclusive.Thereshouldbenooverlapping.Oneitemcanbelongtoonecategoryandonlyone.4.Classification

Wehavet365.Comparisonandcontrast

Welikenonethingtoanotherbypointingouttheirsimilarities(comparison)

Weemphasizethedifferencebetweenthetwo.(contrast)

5.ComparisonandcontrastW376.Analysis

Wemaydiscussthecauseandeffectofahistoricalevent,itsnatureanditssignificanceinhistory.6.Analysis

Wemaydiscussthe38ExpositionThewriterappealstoareader'sunderstandingwithverifiablefactsandvalidinformation,explainingandinterpretingthatmaterialssothatthereaderwillaccepthispointofvieworexplanation.Thushemustorganizeanddevelophisthoughtobjectivelyandpresentitwithhonestyandcompletenesssothatthereaderwillhaveconfidenceinwhatheissaying.ExpositionThewriterappeals39Exposition1.Generallythewritermakesastatementofthecentralthoughtorofhispurposequiteearly.Thisstatementissometimescalledthe"thesis",andmayevenbethetitleofthepiece.

2.Sometimesthewritermayfirstpresentanddevelophisfactsandmakehisgeneralstatementasaconclusionattheend.

Exposition1.Generallythew40TheText

Itisanexposition,apoliticalessay.Orwellleavesnodoubtabouthisfeelingsconcerningcolonialismanditsresults.Hehasshownthereaderhowmillionsofpeoplecanbeignoredandtreatedaslessthanhuman.TheTextItisanexposition41II.TypesofWriting3.

Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:---comparison---contrast---analogy---identification---illustration---analysis,definition,etc.II.TypesofWriting3.

Waysof42II.TypesofWriting4.Themainideas:OrwelldescribesobjectivelythesufferingandmiseryofthecolonialpeopleinMarrakech,yethemanagestoshowthatheisoutragedatthespectacleofmisery.II.TypesofWriting4.Themai43II.TypesofWriting5.

Thethesis:Orwelldenouncestheevilsofcolonialismorimperialism.“Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.〞(P.3)II.TypesofWriting5.

Theth44III.TheOrganizationalStructureoftext(para1—3)Scene1.

Theburialofthepoorinhabitants(para4—7)Scene2.thebeggingofbreadofanemployee(para8—15)Scene3.ThemiserablelivesoftheJewsintheghettoes(para16—18)Scene4.

Cultivationofthepoorsoil(para19—21)Scene5.Miserablelifeofwomen(para22—26)Scene6.Negroes’attitudetowardsthewhiteIII.TheOrganizationalStruct45IV.TheDetailedStudyoftheText

Scene1(par.1-3)

Theburialofthepoorinhabitants

Generalimpression:lifeischeap/ingreatpoverty,peoplecan’taffordproperburialsdramaticopening:fliesfollowingdeadbodiesandrestaurants,(foodandcorpseattractflies,indicatingtheunsanitaryconditionoftherestaurants)IV.TheDetailedStudyofthe46Wordsandexpressions:camelsandtaxis:

juxtapositionofmodernimageandtraditionalimagewailashortchant:

towail:tomakelong,loud,high-pitchedcrieswhichexpresssorroworpaine.g.Thepooroldwomanwailedforherlostson.Asiren/analarm/wind/wails—long,loudhigh-pitched,piercingsoundsWordsandexpressions:47Wordsandexpressionschant(n.v):achantisawordorgroupsofwordsthatisrepeatedoverandoveragain.e.g.Theaudiencechanted“wearewithyou〞.Muslinschantedandprayedinthetemple.…h(huán)ackahole,dumpthebody,fling…h(huán)ack:breakupwithaholeNoticeOrwell'schoiceofwordshere—hack,dumpandfling.Thesewordsindicatetheunceremoniouswayinwhichafuneralisconducted.InapoorcountrylikeMorocco,lifeischeap.Wordsandexpressionschant(n.48corpse

corpseticketapoliticalcorpse

政治僵尸

awalkingcorpse

骨瘦如柴的人cf.

corp(Business)corporation

Corps(militaryunit,group)adiplomaticcorps

外交使團aflyingcorps航空隊salvagecorps

水/火災救護隊adare-to-diecorps

敢死隊corps-de-ballet

芭蕾舞團corpseCorps49Wordsandexpressionsnogravestones,noname,onidentifyingmarkofanykind(ellipticalandbalanced)Peoplearenotimportantatall.Afterdeath,nobodycaresaboutthem.nothumanbeings,somanyofthem,undifferentiatedbrownstuff.rise,sweatandstarve,sink…(alliteration,routinelike,simplemonotonouslife)Wordsandexpressionsnograves50Wordsandexpressions

Theburying-ground...building-lot:Theburying-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.derelict:desertedbytheowner;abandoned

building-lot:aplotofground,orpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.WordsandexpressionsThebury51WordsandexpressionsAllcolonialempires...thisfact.

Q:Whatisthefact?undifferentiatedbrownstuff,aboutasindividualas…:Somethingbrownincolorwithnoindividualordistinguishablecharacteristics.Beesandcoralinsects,unlikehumanbeingshavenoindividualcharacteristics.Theyalllookalike.flesh:mankind,humanbeings,kin.WordsandexpressionsAllcolon52flesh1).Healwaysfoldshishandstogetherandeatshisownflesh.整天偷懶2).Thelandladydemandedherpoundofflesheveryday.無情地逼債3).Theverythoughtofthesnakemakesmyfleshcreep.一想到就不寒而栗4).Allfleshmustdie.人總有一死。5).Sheismuchnicerinthefleshthaninherphotographs本人看上去要比照片上的好看。6).Hetriedhisbesttohelpthembecausetheywerehisownfleshandblood.親骨肉7).Iwanttohelpyou,butthespiritiswilling,thefleshisweak.心有余而力缺乏。

flesh1).Healwaysfoldshis53Wordsandexpressionsbreakyourway:forceyourwayorpickyourway(becauseofthedensegrowthofthepricklypear)Wordsandexpressionsbreakyou54Scene2(Para.4-7)

Scene2.thebeggingofbreadofanemployee(para.4—7)--Whychoosingthisgovernmentemployee?(eventhismanbegs,nottomentionthelivingconditionoftheordinarypeople.)--mannerofbegging:sidledslowly,shyly,stowedaway,gratefully.DifferentfromthoseArabs,,hehasaspecialwayofbegginginaccordancewithhisstatus.Scene2(Para.4-7)

Scene2.t55Wordsandexpressionsgazelleahoofed(以蹄行走)mammalwithaslenderneckandringed(環(huán)狀的)horns(角).Gazellesarefamousfortheirgraceandbeauty,andarenative(原產的)toAfricaandAsia.

Wordsandexpressionsgazelle56WordsandexpressionsCanhardlylook...amintsauce:Assoonasyoulookatthehindlegsofgazelles,youwillthinkofthedeliciousmintsaucethatyouwouldwanttodip(浸)itinwheneatingit.mintsauce---anEnglishspecialtymadeofacombinationofchoppedmintleaves,vinegar,andwater.It'straditionallyservedwithroastlamb.WordsandexpressionsCanhardl57Wordsandexpressionsseemedtoknowthatthisthoughtwasinmymind:Thegazelleseemedtoknowthatthepersonwhowasfeedingitwasthinkingofkillingandeatingit.nibble:takesmall,cautious,orgentlebites

小口地吃

e.g.Shewasnibblingherfoodlikearabbit.

--bite,chew(vi.vt.)

e.g.Themicenibbledawholeinthecake.Henibbledontheapple.

Wordsandexpressionsseemedto58Wordsandexpressions

ifitcoulddrive...inmid-air

:Thegazelle,whilenibblingatthebread,triedtodriveawaythepersonwhowasfeedingitbybuttinghimwithitshead.Theanimalwasn'tintelligentenoughtoknowthatifitsucceededindrivingawaythepersonfeedingitthebreadwouldalsodisappear.Wordsandexpressionsifitco59WordsandexpressionsAnArabnavvy...towardsus:navvy'-abbreviationof"navigator",aBritishwordmeaninganunskilledlaborer,asoncanals,roads,etc.sidledslowly:toadvanceinanunobtrusive(冒失的,莽撞的),furtive(偷偷的),orcoy(害羞的)way;tomoveslowlysideways,especiallyinashyorstealthymanner.Althoughthelaborerwashungry,hewasnotusedtobegging.Therefore,hemovedslowlyandshyly.Healsospeaks"shyly".WordsandexpressionsAnArabn60Sidle:E.g.Themaidsidledthroughthenarrowdoorway.Theswindlers(詐騙犯〕sidleduptotouristsbutwascaughtonspot.

Icouldeatsomeofthatbread:Thisisanindirectrequestandexpressesadesiretoeatsomeofthatbread.Theword"could"suggestspolitenessanduncertainty.Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件61WordsandexpressionsStow:Actuallyithasthemeaningof"stowaway",toputorhideawayinasafeplace.Ifyoustowsth.somewhere,youputitneatlyawayinaplacewhereitcanbekeptuntilitisneeded.

=store

stowaway=hideE.g.Westowedalltheboxesintheattic.Potatoesmustbestowedinacooldarkplace.Myjewelleryissafelystowedawayinthebank.Hisbaggagewassafelystowedawayintheplane.WordsandexpressionsStow:Ac62Scene3(Para.8-15)

ThewriterdescribedtheplightoftheJews,anpoorestminorityinacolonialcountry.Theirfatecouldbeworsethanthatofthenatives.GeneralImpression:greatpovertyScene3(Para.8-15)

63Wordsandexpressions

Ghetto:

1.apartofacityinwhichagroupofpeoplelivewhoarepoorornotacceptedasfullcitizens.Italsoimpliesthatthepeopleinitarerestrictedonlytothatareaandarenotpermittedtoliveelsewhere.2.asectionorquarterinaEuropeancitytowhichJewswereformerlyrestricted.Ghettoization強迫集中居住

Ghettologist研究城市少數民族居住區(qū)情況的專家Wordsandexpressions

Ghetto:64skull-cap---aclose-fittingbrimlesscapItisoftenwornindoorsandoftenby’Orthodox(東正教的)Jews.Menwhostrictlypractice’Judaism(猶太教)areneversupposedtohavetheirheadsbared.Theremustbesomepieceofclothetc.betweenmanandGod.

skull-cap---aclose-fittingb65WordsandexpressionsSore-eye:eyescoveredwithsores1.malnutrition

2.lackofmedicalcare

3.unhygienic(不衛(wèi)生的)condition

soreallover全身酸痛insoreneed極度需要asoresubject令人難堪窘迫的話題sorenews使人痛心的消息asoregrief極度憂傷asoreloser一輸就惱火的人getsoreover/aboutsth.因某事而腦火WordsandexpressionsSore-eye:66WordsandexpressionsInfest:Toinhabitoroverruninnumberslargeenoughtobeharmful,threatening,orob’noxious(令人不悅的):

warehouses~edwithratsstreets~edwithdrugs.clothes~edwithlicearea~edwithbanditsBooth:aphone~apolling(電信)轉詢~abroadcast~anannouncerbooth

amotionpictureprojectionboothWordsandexpressionsInfest:T67WordsandexpressionsLathe:Amachineforshapingapieceofmaterial,suchaswoodormetal,byrotatingitrapidlyalongitsaxiswhilepressingagainstafixedcuttingorabradingtool.WordsandexpressionsLathe:A68prehistoric---ancient;out-of-dateorold-fashioned

Hisideasonmoralsarereallyprehistoric.(derog.orhumor)

IsSimon'sprehistoriccarstillworking?prehistoric---ancient;out-o69Wordsandexpressions

Warp:

Toturnortwist(wood,forexample)outofshape.Toturnfromacorrectorpropercourse;deflect(偏斜,偏轉).Toaffectunfavorably,unfairly,orwrongly;bias.Syn:bend,contort,distort,twistExamples:--Thehotsunwarpedtheboards.Some’gramophone(留聲機)recordswarpinveryhotweather.

Wordsandexpressions

Warp:70Wordsandexpressions

frenzied:fullofuncontrolledexcitementExamples:

--Shewasclimbingnowwithasortoffrenziedhaste.

--afrenziedmobofoverathousandstudent--makefrenziedefforts

FrenziedrushofJews:transferredepithetWordsandexpressionsfrenzied71Wordsandexpressions

Clamour:

aloudoutcry;ahubbub;avehement(暴烈的,猛烈的)expressionofdiscontentorprotest:

Examples:--aclamorinthepressforpollutioncontrol--Theyclamoredfortaxreforms--Theprotestersclamoredthemayorintoresigning.WordsandexpressionsClamour72Wordsandexpressionsself-contained--

selfsufficientAself-containedcommunityisoneinwhichallornearlyalltheneedsofthecommunityaremetfromwithin.Thereislittleneedtogooutsideformaterialorculturaldesires.TheJewishghettosareself-containednotonlybypreferencebutalsobynecessity,sinceJewsmayhavebeenunwelcomeoutside.

Wordsandexpressionsself-cont73agoodjob---coll.BrE.afortunatestateofaffairs

Thisrestaurantisnotcheap,soit'sagoodjobyou'vebroughtplentyofmoney.

He'sgone,andagoodjobtoo.

agoodjob---coll.BrE.afor74WordsandexpressionsThat'sonlyforshow---TheJewonlypretendstoworkasapoorlabourer.

show---n.sth.falseorsuperficial,pretenceE.g.Imakeashowofinterest,butIreallycouldn’thavecaredless.我外表上裝作很感興趣，但骨子里我根本就不在乎。Heputonagoodshow,buthedidn’tdeceiveanyone.他很會假裝，但誰也沒有受他欺騙。Heisnotreallyill;heisjustputtingonashow.

WordsandexpressionsThat'son75witchcraft---Orwellisprobablyreferringtomanyoccasionsinthe1600'sinbothEnglandandAmericawheninnocentwomenweretriedandoftenburnedorotherwisepunishedforwitchcraft.Bytheverynatureofthechargeitwasimpossiblefortheaccusedtodefendherself,justasitwasfortheJews.AndliketheJews,witchesservedas(充當,起作用)scapegoats(替罪羊,頂罪者)fortheillsofsocietythatcouldn’tbeexplained.SuchtrialsreachedtheirpeakinAmericaatSalem(塞勒姆),Massachusetts.

witchcraft---Orwellisprobab76Scene4(Para.16-18)Scene4.Cultivationofthepoorsoilpara.16—17thetoneoftheauthor--“bitterandironical〞--theauthorisextremelybitterandironical.Insteadofopenlyblamingthewhitecolonialistswhodon’tpaytheleastattentiontothepeoplewhosufferfrompovertyandhunger,hepretendsthattheyhaveasoundreasontoignoresuchpeople.Thepeoplesimplycannotbeseenbecausetheyareofthecoloroftheearth.Scene4(Para.16-18)Scene4.C77Scene4(Para.16-18)--theauthorisverycleverlyrevealinginthesetwoparagraphstherealinnerworkingsofthecolonialists’mentality.Suchpeopletaketheirownpresumedsuperioritysomuchforgrantedandit’ssodeepwithinthemthattheyliterallydon’tevenseethewretchedpeopleandaresoinsensitivethattheyactuallytreatthosecountriesastouristresortswheretheyvacationandenjoythemselvesoblivioustothesufferingallaroundthem.Paragraph18describestheprimitivewayoffarminghere,showingthepovertyaswellasthehard-workingpeople.Scene4(Para.16-18)--theauth78WordsandexpressionsInahotcountry…seehim:

Youdon’tevenseethelabourerploughingthefield.SouthofGibraltar---allcountriesorareasinNorthAfricaEastofSuez---themiddle-eastAsiancountriesWordsandexpressionsInahot79Book2Unit2Marrakech高級英語II教學課件80WordsandexpressionsItisonlybecauseofthis…:“This〞herestandsforthefactthatpeoplealwaysmissthepeasantslabouringinthefieldsbecausetheyhavethecolouroftheearth.Itisonlybecauseofthisreasonthatthesepoorstarvedcountriesareacceptedastouristresorts.WordsandexpressionsItisonl81WordsandexpressionsWhatdoesMoroccomean...:MoroccobeingaFrenchcolony,tomanyFrenchmenMoroccohasnomoremeaningthanaplacewheretheymightfindagovernmentjob,buyanorangegrovewiththeirmoneyorinvesthismoney.ToanEnglishmanMoroccomeansnothingbutaromantic,mysteriouscountrywhichhehasreadinthenovels.Camels,castlesaretheromanticbitsinhismindbythenovels.

WordsandexpressionsWhatdoes82WordsandexpressionsWring(wrung):

1.

totwist,squeeze,orcompress,especiallysoastoextractliquid.2.

toobtainorextractbyapplyingforceorpressureSyn.pressout,squeeze,twist,wreste.g.~thewetclothes.I’ll~yourneckifyoudon’tdoit.Thethiefwrungouttearsinanefforttogetsomesympathy.Thepolicewrungthetruthoutofthere’calcitrant固執(zhí)的,頑抗的

witness.WordsandexpressionsWring(wr83Wordsandexpressionserode--wearaway;eatinto

Ifrockorsoilerodesoriserodedbytheweather,seaorwind,itcracksandbreakssothatitisgraduallydestroyed.

e.g.Rainandriverserodedthesoftsand-stones.Wordsandexpressionserode--84desolate---barren;(ofaplace)inaruinedandneglectedstate

1.Ifsth.isdesolate,itisemptyofpeopleandlackingincomfort.

2.Ifsb.isdesolate,theyfeelverysad,lonelyandwithouthope.

e.g.--Theforestwasleftdesolatebythefire.

--Afterthewarthetownwasadesolateplace.

--Shehasbeendesolatesincelosingherjob.

desolate---barren;(ofapla85desolate---v.--

e.g.--Thelandwasdesolatedbyfloods.--Weweredesolatedbythedeathofourgoodfriend.

desolate---v.--

e.g.86WordsandexpressionsLucerne:Alfalfa紫苜蓿namedfromtheFrench“Luzerne〞(glowworn-fromitsshinyseeds)ismorecommonlycalledalfalfa.Itiswidelycultivatedandusedasforage飼料,糧草.

WordsandexpressionsLucerne:87fodder---n.roughfoodforcattleorhorses,gatheredfromthefieldsandstoredspike---n.longpointedpieceofmetalwithanoutwardorupwardpointharrow---n.heavyframewithmetalteethordisksforbreakingupgroundafterploughing

fodder---n.roughfoodforc88WordsandexpressionsThisisasmuch…equalto:Theanimalsyokedtotheploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches.Theycouldnotmakedeeperfurrows.WordsandexpressionsThisisa89furrowAlong,narrow,shallowtrenchmadeinthegroundbyaplow.

furrowAlong,narrow,shallow90getattoreachMarrakechisverydry.Evenatadepthof30or40feetthereisonlybutatrickleofwater.getattoreach91Scene5.(para.19—21)

Scene5.(para.19—21)Miserablelifeofwomen

Question:Whatisthepurposeofthedescriptionofthedonkey?--Bydescribingthefateofdonkeytheauthor’spurposeistoarousethesympathyandangerinthereadersforpeoplearealsocruellytreatedbuttheyarenotnoticed,simplyinvisible.Scene5.(para.19—21)Scene5.92Appearance:

mummifiedwithageandthesun/Tiny,shrink,Earth-coloredbodies,bodiesreducedtobones,leatheryskinTreatment:

treatedasabeastofburdenResponse:usedtothemiserableexistenceandtonotbeingtakennoticeofbyanyone--afileofwomen,everyafternoon,indicatingmanywomenasroutine.Miserablelifeofwomen.Appearance:mummifiedwithag93

Thecomparisonbetweenwomenwiththedonkeys

DonkeyWomenSmalltinyOverloadedvastofload,abeastofburdenAwillingcreaturetakentheirfateasgrantedWhendead,tippedintoaburiedsimply,dumpedintoaholeDitch,throwntodogsnoname,nograveyardPeoplefeelenragedatnobodyfeelssympatheticforthecrueltreatmentofitthem

Thecomparisonbetweenwomen94Isupposethat…:Theauthorgavetheoldwom