統(tǒng)計軟件SAS簡介及程序范例課件

統(tǒng)計軟件SAS簡介及程序范例1.SAS簡介2.《試驗統(tǒng)計方法》教材例題的SAS程序及運行結果統(tǒng)計軟件SAS簡介及程序范例1.SAS簡介11.SAS簡介

SAS(StatisticalAnalysisSystem，統(tǒng)計分析系統(tǒng))是當今國際上著名的數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件系統(tǒng),其基本部分是SAS/BASE軟件。20世紀60年代末期，由美國北卡羅納州州立大學(NorthCarolinaStateUniversity)的A.J.Barr和J.H.Goodnight兩位教授開始開發(fā)，1975年創(chuàng)建了美國SAS研究所(SASInstituteInc.)。之后，推出的SAS系統(tǒng)，始終以領先的技術和可靠的支持著稱于世，通過不斷發(fā)展和完善，目前已成為大型集成應用軟件系統(tǒng)。1.SAS簡介SAS(StatisticalAn2

SAS系統(tǒng)具有統(tǒng)計分析方法豐富、信息儲存簡單、語言編程能力強、能對數(shù)據(jù)連續(xù)處理、使用簡單等特點。SAS是一個出色的統(tǒng)計分析系統(tǒng)，它匯集了大量的統(tǒng)計分析方法，從簡單的描述統(tǒng)計到復雜的多變量分析，編制了大量的使用簡便的統(tǒng)計分析過程。SAS系統(tǒng)具有統(tǒng)計分析方法豐富、信息儲存簡單3SAS系統(tǒng)運行的幾個重要前提條件

（一）SAS系統(tǒng)運行時要同時打開的文件較多，因此在微型計算機的系統(tǒng)配置文件CONFIG.SYS中應指定FILES=50或以上；（二）SAS系統(tǒng)軟件有時間租期限制，因此只有機器時間（DATE）在軟件有效期內才能運行。時間租期取決于SAS出售版本日期，即所謂的SAS誕生日（BIRTHDAY）。（三）SAS系統(tǒng)應全部安裝到硬盤的SAS子目錄下，硬盤應至少有10M空間。SAS系統(tǒng)運行的幾個重要前提條件（一）SAS系4SASforWindows的啟動與退出

（一）啟動SASforWindows的啟動，按如下步驟進行。開機后，直接用鼠標雙擊桌面上SAS系統(tǒng)的快捷鍵圖標，自動顯示主畫面，即可進入SAS系統(tǒng)。SASforWindows的啟動與退出（一）啟5

(二)退出當用完SASforWindows，需要退出時，可以單擊【File】，選擇【Exit】，或者，單擊×(關閉)按鈕，立即顯示。如果確認需要退出SASforWindows，單擊確定按鈕；如果需要繼續(xù)使用SASforWindows，單擊取消按鈕。(二)退出當用完SASforWindows62.《試驗統(tǒng)計方法》教材例題的SAS程序及運行結果t測驗方差分析直線回歸分析協(xié)方差分析2.《試驗統(tǒng)計方法》教材例題的SAS程序及運行結果t測驗7t檢驗樣本平均數(shù)與總體平均數(shù)的差異顯著性檢驗配對試驗資料的t檢驗非配對試驗資料的t檢驗t檢驗樣本平均數(shù)與總體平均數(shù)的差異顯著性檢驗8樣本平均數(shù)與總體平均數(shù)的差異顯著性檢驗(例4.3)datatestt1;inputx@@;differ=x-27.5;cards;32.528.628.424.729.127.229.833.329.7;proc

means

n

mean

stderr

tprt;run;樣本平均數(shù)與總體平均數(shù)的差異顯著性檢驗(例4.3)data9運行結果

TheMEANSProcedureVariableNMeanStdErrortValuePr>|t|x929.25555560.862346833.93<.0001differ91.75555560.86234682.040.0762運行結果TheMEANSProcedure10配對試驗資料的t檢驗（例4.7）

datatestt2;inputtreatx1x2@@;differ=x1-x2;cards;12722.2951.422866.71417.032675.91275.342169.22228.552253.92462.662415.12715.4;proc

means

mean

stderr

tprt;vardiffer;run;配對試驗資料的t檢驗（例4.7）datatestt2;11運行結果

TheMEANSProcedureAnalysisVariable:differMeanStdErrortValuePr>|t|675.4666667391.52539521.730.1451運行結果TheMEANSProcedure12非配對試驗資料的t檢驗(例4.5)datatestt3;inputvarietyx@@;cards;118.68120.67118.42118.00117.44115.95218.68223.22221.42219.00218.92;proc

ttest;classvariety;varx;run;非配對試驗資料的t檢驗(例4.5)datatestt3;13運行結果TheTTESTProcedureT-TestsVariableMethodVariancesDFtValuePr>|t|xPooledEqual9-1.920.0868xSatterthwaiteUnequal7.51-1.870.1001EqualityofVariancesVariableMethodNumDFDenDFFValuePr>FxFoldedF451.660.5880運行結果TheTTESTProcedure14方差分析單因素完全隨機化試驗重復數(shù)相等資料單因素完全隨機化試驗重復數(shù)不等資料兩因素交叉分組試驗單獨觀測值資料兩因素交叉分組試驗有重復觀測值資料次級樣本含量相等的二因素系統(tǒng)分組資料單因素隨機區(qū)組設計試驗資料拉丁方設計試驗結果兩因素隨機區(qū)組設計試驗資料兩因素裂區(qū)設計試驗資料方差分析單因素完全隨機化試驗重復數(shù)相等資料15單因素完全隨機化試驗重復數(shù)相等資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.3】）

dataanova1;inputvarietyx@@;cards;11211011411611211828210212214212216314316313316310315416418420416414416;proc

anova;classvariety;modelx=variety;meansvariety/duncan;run;單因素完全隨機化試驗重復數(shù)相等資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.16運行結果

TheANOVAProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesvariety41234Numberofobservations24運行結果TheANOVAProcedure17

TheANOVAProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel367.166666722.38888893.430.0369Error20130.66666676.5333333CorrectedTotal23197.8333333R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.33951118.149392.55603914.08333SourceDFAnovaSSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fvariety367.1666666722.388888893.430.0369TheANOVAProcedure18

TheANOVAProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom20ErrorMeanSquare6.533333NumberofMeans234CriticalRange3.0783.2313.328

TheANOVAProcedure19Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNvarietyA16.66764ABA14.00063BABA13.66761BB12.00062Meanswiththesameletterare20單因素完全隨機化試驗重復數(shù)不等資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.4】）

dataanova2;inputvarietyx@@;cards;121.5119.5120.0122.0118.0120.0216.0218.5217.0215.5220.0216.0319.0317.5320.0318.0317.0421.0418.5419.0420.0515.5518.0517.0516.0;proc

glm;classvariety;modelx=variety;meansvariety/duncan;run;單因素完全隨機化試驗重復數(shù)不等資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.21運行結果

TheGLMProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesvariety512345Numberofobservations25運行結果TheGLMProcedure22

TheGLMProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel446.4983333311.624583335.990.0025Error2038.841666671.94208333CorrectedTotal2485.34000000R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.5448607.5656161.39358718.42000SourceDFTypeISSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fvariety446.4983333311.624583335.990.0025SourceDFTypeIIISSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fvariety446.4983333311.624583335.990.0025TheGLMProcedure23

TheGLMProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom20ErrorMeanSquare1.942083HarmonicMeanofCellSizes4.83871NOTE:Cellsizesarenotequal.NumberofMeans2345CriticalRange1.8691.9622.0212.062TheGLMProcedure24

Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNvarietyA20.166761AA19.625044ABA18.300053BB17.166762BB16.625045Meanswiththesameletterar25兩因素交叉分組試驗單獨觀測值資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.5】）

dataanova3;inputfieldmethodx@@;cards;117112731377219022902392315932703380417542804382516552605367618262866385;proc

anova;classfieldmethod;modelx=fieldmethod;meansfieldmethod/duncan;run;兩因素交叉分組試驗單獨觀測值資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.526運行結果

TheANOVAProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesfield6123456method3123Numberofobservations18運行結果TheANOVAProcedure27

TheANOVAProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel71576.555556225.22222213.970.0002Error10161.22222216.122222CorrectedTotal171737.777778R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.9072255.2221444.01524976.88889SourceDFAnovaSSMeanSquareFValuePr>Ffield51435.111111287.02222217.800.0001method2141.44444470.7222224.390.0429TheANOVAProcedure28TheANOVAProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom10ErrorMeanSquare16.12222NumberofMeans23456CriticalRange7.3057.6337.8277.9518.033TheANOVAProcedure29Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNfieldA90.66732ABA84.33336BBC79.00034CDC73.66731DDE69.66733EE64.00035Meanswiththesameletterare30

TheANOVAProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom10ErrorMeanSquare16.12222NumberofMeans23CriticalRange5.1655.398TheANOVAProcedure31Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNmethodA80.50063ABA76.50062BB73.66761Meanswiththesameletterare32兩因素交叉分組試驗有重復觀測值資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.6】）

dataanova4;inputdensityfertx@@;cards;112712261331143015251129122513301430152511261224133014311526112612291331143015242130222823312432252821302227233124342529212822262330243325282129222523322432252731333233333534353530313332343333343435293134323433373433353131323235333534353530;proc

anova;classdensityfert;modelx=densityfertdensity*fert;meansdensityfert/duncan;meansdensity*fert/lsd;run;兩因素交叉分組試驗有重復觀測值資料

的方差分析（教材【例5.33運行結果

TheANOVAProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesdensity3123fert512345Numberofobservations60運行結果TheANOVAProcedure34

TheANOVAProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel14573.333333340.952381033.51<.0001Error4555.00000001.2222222CorrectedTotal59628.3333333R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.9124673.6647791.10554230.16667SourceDFAnovaSSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fdensity2315.8333333157.9166667129.20<.0001fert4207.166666751.791666742.38<.0001density*fert850.33333336.29166675.150.0001TheANOVAProcedure35

TheANOVAProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom45ErrorMeanSquare1.222222NumberofMeans23CriticalRange.7041.7405TheANOVAProcedure36

Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNdensityA33.2500203B29.5000202C27.7500201Meanswiththesameletterar37

TheANOVAProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom45ErrorMeanSquare1.222222NumberofMeans2345CriticalRange0.9090.9560.9871.009TheANOVAProcedure38

Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNfertA32.4167124AA32.1667123B29.7500121C28.8333122Meanswiththesameletterar39

TheANOVAProcedureLevelofLevelof--------------x--------------densityfertNMeanStdDev11427.00000001.4142135612426.00000002.1602469013430.50000000.5773502714430.25000000.5000000015425.00000000.8164965821429.25000000.9574271122426.50000001.2909944523431.00000000.8164965824432.75000000.9574271125428.00000000.8164965831433.00000000.8164965832434.00000000.8164965833435.00000001.6329931634434.25000000.9574271135430.00000000.81649658TheANOVAProcedure40次級樣本含量相等的二因素系統(tǒng)分組資料

的方差分析【例5.7】

dataanova5;inputplantleafx@@;cards;1112.11112.11212.81212.82114.42114.42214.72214.53123.13123.43228.13228.8;proc

anova;classplantleaf;modelx=plantleaf(plant);meansplant/duncan;run;次級樣本含量相等的二因素系統(tǒng)分組資料

的方差分析【例5.7】41運行結果

TheANOVAProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesplant3123leaf212Numberofobservations12運行結果TheANOVAProcedure42

TheANOVAProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel5444.350000088.87000001720.06<.0001Error60.31000000.0516667CorrectedTotal11444.6600000R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.9993031.2914940.22730317.60000SourceDFAnovaSSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fplant2416.7800000208.39000004033.35<.0001leaf(plant)327.57000009.1900000177.87<.0001TheANOVAProcedure43TheANOVAProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom6ErrorMeanSquare0.051667NumberofMeans23CriticalRange.3933.4076TheANOVAProcedure44Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNplantA25.850043B14.500042C12.450041Meanswiththesameletterar45單因素隨機區(qū)組設計試驗資料

的分析（教材【例10.1】）

dataanova6;inputvariety$blockx@@;cards;A115.3B118.0C116.6D116.4E113.7F117.0D217.3F217.6E213.6C217.8A214.9B217.6C317.6A316.2F318.2B318.6D317.3E313.9B418.3D417.8A416.2E414.0F417.5C417.8;proc

glm;classvarietyblock;modelx=varietyblock;meansvariety/duncan;run;單因素隨機區(qū)組設計試驗資料

的分析（教材【例10.1】）d46運行結果TheGLMProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesvariety6ABCDEFblock41234Numberofobservations24運行結果TheGLMProcedure47

TheGLMProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel855.058333336.8822916751.75<.0001Error151.995000000.13300000CorrectedTotal2357.05333333R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.9650332.1925350.36469216.63333SourceDFTypeISSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fvariety552.3783333310.4756666778.76<.0001block32.680000000.893333336.720.0043TheGLMProcedure48

TheGLMProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom15ErrorMeanSquare0.133NumberofMeans23456Criticalrange.5496.5762.5927.6039.6120TheGLMProcedure49

Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNvarietyA18.12504BB17.57504FBB17.45004CBB17.20004DC15.65004AD13.80004EMeanswiththesameletterar50拉丁方設計試驗結果的分析（教材【例10.3】）

dataanova7;inputnd$rowcolx@@;cards;C1110.1A127.9B139.8E147.1D159.6A217.0D2210.0E237.0C249.7B259.1E317.6C329.7D3310.0B349.3A356.8D4110.5B429.6C439.8A446.6E457.9B518.9E528.9A538.6D5410.6C5510.1;proc

glm;classndrowcol;modelx=ndrowcol;meansnd/duncan;run;拉丁方設計試驗結果的分析（教材【例10.3】）dataa51運行結果

TheGLMProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesnd5ABCDErow512345col512345Numberofobservations25運行結果TheGLMProcedure52

TheGLMProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel1235.503200002.9586000010.880.0001Error123.263200000.27193333CorrectedTotal2438.76640000R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.9158245.8671500.5214728.888000SourceDFTypeISSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fnd432.206400008.0516000029.61<.0001row42.170400000.542600002.000.1594col41.126400000.281600001.040.4286TheGLMProcedure53TheGLMProcedureDuncan'sMultipleRangeTestforxNOTE:ThistestcontrolstheTypeIcomparisonwiseerrorrate,nottheexperimentwiseerrorrate.Alpha0.05ErrorDegreesofFreedom12ErrorMeanSquare0.271933NumberofMeans2345CriticalRange.7186.7522.7725.7860TheGLMProcedure54Meanswiththesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferent.DuncanGroupingMeanNnd

A10.14005DABA9.88005CBB9.34005B

C7.70005ECC7.38005AMeanswiththesameletterare55兩因素隨機區(qū)組設計試驗資料

的方差分析（【例10.5】）

dataanova7;inputabblockx@@;cards;32110.012111.021119.041117.022120.011112.031119.042111.022219.011213.041216.012210.03228.021216.04229.031218.041315.03237.021312.031316.011313.012313.022317.04238.0;proc

glm;classabblock;modelx=abblocka*b;meansaba*b/duncan;run;兩因素隨機區(qū)組設計試驗資料

的方差分析（【例10.5】）d56運行結果TheGLMProcedureClassLevelInformationClassLevelsValuesa41234b212block3123Numberofobservations24運行結果TheGLMProcedure57TheGLMProcedureDependentVariable:xSumofSourceDFSquaresMeanSquareFValuePr>FModel9332.625000036.958333317.06<.0001Error1430.33333332.1666667CorrectedTotal23362.9583333R-SquareCoeffVarRootMSExMean0.91642810.737701.47196013.70833SourceDFTypeISSMeanSquareFValuePr>Fa398.791666732.930