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waterenvironmentwaterenvironment1WateristhesourceofallthingsIt’stheonlywater,butit’stheliquidwonderthatmakesourworldpossible.Waterisabletodissolvemoresubstancesthananyotherliquid.It’stakesalotofwatertokeeplifegoing.Wateristhesourceofallthi2123Somedata
wateruse&pollution
whatcanwedo123Somedatawateruse&pollut3
71%ofearth’ssurface
iscoveredwith
water
Arethewatersources
abundant?71%ofearth’ssurface
4
lessthan3%OftotalwaterLowlayer0.3%offreshwater
lessthan3%Lowlayer0.3%5Chinawaterresourcerankfourthintheworld.Chinaisn'trichinwaterresources.Obviously,theprospectofChinesewaterresourcesisn'toptimistic.WaterIssuesinChinawithwaterresourcespercapitabeing2200m3orso,only1/4ofthatoftheworld.
waterresourcespercapitaChinawaterresourcerankfour6South:
population53%
waterresource:78%North:population:47%waterresource:22%Unevendistributionofwaterresources
South:
population53%
wate7WaterisconsideredpollutedifasubstanceorconditionispresentthatrendersthewateruselessforaparticularpurposeThesourcesofwaterpollutionDirectsourceseffluentoutfallsfromfactories,refineries(精煉廠),wastetreatmentplants...Indirectsourcescontaminantsthatenterthewatersupplyfromsoils/groundwatersystemsandfromtheatmosphereviarainwater...Waterisconsideredpollutedi8AgriculturalWaterUseFourcommonirrigationmethods:Surface/FloodRequiresextensivecanalsystemsSprayUsepumpsTrickleStrategicallyplacesopeningsSub-irrigationPipescanbeusedfordrainageaswellAgriculturalWaterUseFourcom9Excessivefertilizerusemayleadtoeutrophication(水體富營養(yǎng)化)
inmanyaquatichabitats.Agriculturalrunofffromlarge,openexpansesismajorsourceofwaterpollution.AgriculturalWaterPollutionExcessivefertilizerusemayl10IndustrialWaterUseAccountsfornearly50%ofallwaterwithdrawalinU.S.,and23%worldwide.90%ofwaterusedbyindustryisforcooling,andisreturnedtothesource.Verylittleactuallyconsumed.Mostprocessesinvolveheatexchange.Waterusedtodissipateandtransportwaste.ToxicandoverloadwastesleadStreamandlakedegradation.IndustrialWaterUseAccountsf11IndustrialWaterPollutionAllkindsofindustrygeneratetradewaste(工業(yè)廢水)IronandsteelindustryFoodindustryComplexorganicchemicalsindustryNuclearindustryPollutants:organics,oil,metal,acidMayrequirespecialwastewater
treatment.
IndustrialWaterPollution12DomesticWaterUse70%usedassolventtocarrywastes.30%usedforlawnandgarden.Verysmallfractionusedfordrinking.Naturalpurificationprocessescannotcopewithhighlyconcentratedurbanwastes.Mustbetreatedbeforerelease.DomesticWaterUse70%usedas13DomesticwaterpollutionWastewaterfromBathing,dishes,toiletsNotoxicsubstance,abundantinnutrientswithnitrogen(N,氮)andphosphorus(P,磷)Eutrophication(水體富營養(yǎng)化)Trashorgarbage(e.g.paper,plastic,orfoodwaste)discardedbypeopleontheground,alongwithaccidentalorintentionaldumpingofrubbish,thatarewashedbyrainfallintostormdrainsandeventuallydischargedintosurfacewaters.Domesticwaterpollution14Forgovernments1.Toestablishurbansewagetreatmentsystem(城市污水處理系統(tǒng))2.TorestructureIndustrial3.Toencouragethedevelopmentofnewwatersources4.Tostrengthenlegislation,severepunishmentForgovernments1.Toestablish15Forplants1.Toreducewaterconsumption2.Tobuyequipmentofsewagetreatment3.Don‘tdischargesewageintowater4.TousewaterrecyclingsystemForplants1.Toreducewaterco16Forindividuals1.Don’tusecleanerconcludeP2.Don’tthrowthegarbageintotherivers3.Topromoteawarenessofpreservingwaterresources4.TotellthepersonsaroundyoutoprotectthewaterresourcesForindividuals1.Don’tusecl17WorldWaterDay
(WorldDayforWater)
OnMarch22theUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly(聯(lián)合國大會)in1993
aim:toarousepublic’sawarenessofeconomizingwatersources,andtoprotectitonethemeperyear2011:waterforcitiesWorldWaterDay
18Thankyou!Thankyou!19waterenvironmentwaterenvironment20WateristhesourceofallthingsIt’stheonlywater,butit’stheliquidwonderthatmakesourworldpossible.Waterisabletodissolvemoresubstancesthananyotherliquid.It’stakesalotofwatertokeeplifegoing.Wateristhesourceofallthi21123Somedata
wateruse&pollution
whatcanwedo123Somedatawateruse&pollut22
71%ofearth’ssurface
iscoveredwith
water
Arethewatersources
abundant?71%ofearth’ssurface
23
lessthan3%OftotalwaterLowlayer0.3%offreshwater
lessthan3%Lowlayer0.3%24Chinawaterresourcerankfourthintheworld.Chinaisn'trichinwaterresources.Obviously,theprospectofChinesewaterresourcesisn'toptimistic.WaterIssuesinChinawithwaterresourcespercapitabeing2200m3orso,only1/4ofthatoftheworld.
waterresourcespercapitaChinawaterresourcerankfour25South:
population53%
waterresource:78%North:population:47%waterresource:22%Unevendistributionofwaterresources
South:
population53%
wate26WaterisconsideredpollutedifasubstanceorconditionispresentthatrendersthewateruselessforaparticularpurposeThesourcesofwaterpollutionDirectsourceseffluentoutfallsfromfactories,refineries(精煉廠),wastetreatmentplants...Indirectsourcescontaminantsthatenterthewatersupplyfromsoils/groundwatersystemsandfromtheatmosphereviarainwater...Waterisconsideredpollutedi27AgriculturalWaterUseFourcommonirrigationmethods:Surface/FloodRequiresextensivecanalsystemsSprayUsepumpsTrickleStrategicallyplacesopeningsSub-irrigationPipescanbeusedfordrainageaswellAgriculturalWaterUseFourcom28Excessivefertilizerusemayleadtoeutrophication(水體富營養(yǎng)化)
inmanyaquatichabitats.Agriculturalrunofffromlarge,openexpansesismajorsourceofwaterpollution.AgriculturalWaterPollutionExcessivefertilizerusemayl29IndustrialWaterUseAccountsfornearly50%ofallwaterwithdrawalinU.S.,and23%worldwide.90%ofwaterusedbyindustryisforcooling,andisreturnedtothesource.Verylittleactuallyconsumed.Mostprocessesinvolveheatexchange.Waterusedtodissipateandtransportwaste.ToxicandoverloadwastesleadStreamandlakedegradation.IndustrialWaterUseAccountsf30IndustrialWaterPollutionAllkindsofindustrygeneratetradewaste(工業(yè)廢水)IronandsteelindustryFoodindustryComplexorganicchemicalsindustryNuclearindustryPollutants:organics,oil,metal,acidMayrequirespecialwastewater
treatment.
IndustrialWaterPollution31DomesticWaterUse70%usedassolventtocarrywastes.30%usedforlawnandgarden.Verysmallfractionusedfordrinking.Naturalpurificationprocessescannotcopewithhighlyconcentratedurbanwastes.Mustbetreatedbeforerelease.DomesticWaterUse70%usedas32DomesticwaterpollutionWastewaterfromBathing,dishes,toiletsNotoxicsubstance,abundantinnutrientswithnitrogen(N,氮)andphosphorus(P,磷)Eutrophication(水體富營養(yǎng)化)Trashorgarbage(e.g.paper,plastic,orfoodwaste)discardedbypeopleontheground,alongwithaccidentalorintentionaldumpingofrubbish,thatarewashedbyrainfallintostormdrainsandeventuallydischargedintosurfacewaters.Domesticwaterpollution33Forgovernments1.Toestablishurbansewagetreatmentsystem(城市污水處理系統(tǒng))2.TorestructureI
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