如何預(yù)防6類叉車司機(jī)健康風(fēng)險中英雙語版

長時間坐在擁擠的駕駛倉，扭曲脖子去觀察后方。毫無疑問這就是必須經(jīng)歷的職業(yè)病。作為叉車司機(jī)沒有人會認(rèn)為這個工作是輕松的，因為你在處于一個明確的健康風(fēng)險之中。Longshifts.Sittingforhoursatatimeinacrampedcab.Twistingandcraningyournecktoseebehindyou.Nodoubtyou’veexperiencedsomesideeffectsfromdrivingaforklift.Asaforkliftoperator,noonesaidyourjobwouldbeeasyandtherealitiesofyourworkmeanyou’reatriskforcertainhealthissues.請清楚關(guān)注這些由于長時間操作叉車的健康風(fēng)險，請看一下DR.CHADHOFFAN的專業(yè)意見。KeepaneyeonthesehealthrisksthatareassociatedwithfrequentlydrivingaforkliftandtakealookattheexpertiseprovidedbyDr.ChadHoffmanfrom

LifestyleChiropractic,inGreenBay,Wisconsin.1.脖子和背部疼痛NECKANDBACKPAIN脖子和背部疼痛直接與工作環(huán)境和不良作業(yè)習(xí)慣有關(guān)。有一些因素可能會導(dǎo)致疼痛：Neckandbackpainisoftendirectlyrelatedtoyourworkenvironmentaswellaspoorhabitsyoumayhavepickedupalongtheway.Afewcausesofyourpaincouldbe:整個身體的震動WHOLEBODYVIBRATION身體震動來自于叉車接觸面，比如叉車座椅、叉車踏板或靠背等，這可能造成背痛或其他疾病。WholeBodyVibrationisthevibration,shakingorjoltingofthebodytransmittedthroughasupportingsurface–inthiscaseyourforkliftseat,floororbackrest.Itcanmakeyoupredisposedtobackpainoraggravateexistingbackproblems.避免震動的方法ToavoidWholeBodyVibration:降低行駛速度Loweryourspeed采用懸浮座椅Useanairsuspensionseat-theydecreasethevibrationtransferredtoyourbody.減少在不平地面的駕駛時間Minimizeyourtraveloverunevensurfaces長時間的坐姿SITTINGFORLONGPERIODSOFTIME久坐是難以避免的現(xiàn)象，同時還由于要扭曲坐姿，這些就可能會傷及肌肉Sittingforlongperiodsoftimemaybeunavoidableinyourlineofworkandyouprobablyhavetotwistinyourseatfairlyoftenwhichcausesstraintoyourmuscles.Dr.Hoffman’sAdvice專家建議即使在狹窄空間里，必須保持一個姿勢，你也必須經(jīng)常伸縮脖子，活動周邊的肌肉。輕微地抬頭，同時做深呼吸，但是不要憋氣，慢慢地抬頭和低頭，去放松肌肉。"Evenincrampedquarterswhereyouhavetomaintaingenerallythesamepositionforextendedperiodsoftime,doyourbesttoregularlystretchyourneckandsurroundingmuscles”saysDr.Hoffman.“Beginbygentlytiltingyourheadtoonesideandthentheother,breathingdeeply(don'tholdyourbreath!).Next,tiltyourheadforwardandbackveryslowlytorelieveanymusculardiscomfort.”如果可能多一些中間的休息Whenpossible,takebreakstostretch.

Simplestretches

thatcanbedoneonthejobwilldo.調(diào)整座椅可以輕松接觸到方向盤、踏板和液壓控制桿。Taketimetoreadjustyourseatwhenyoureturntoyourforklift.Yourfeetshouldrestcomfortablyandyoushouldbeabletoeasilyreachthesteeringwheel,pedalsandhydrauliccontrols.Usethebackrest–it’sthereforareason!更多的專家建議MorefromDr.Hoffman當(dāng)久坐是不可避免的情形下，盡量多地利用空隙時間休息或鍛煉，比如蹲下起來，散步或上引身體等，這可以有效地放松身體，改進(jìn)筋肉的力量。“Whilesittingforextendedperiodsmaybeunavoidableatwork,doyourbesttobreakthatpatternoutsideofwork.Dosimplebodyweightexercisessuchassquats,push-ups,sit-upsandwalking/runningtoenlivenyourmusclesandreleaseanytension.It'scrucialtomoveyourbodywhenyoucan-itnotonlyhelpsyoufeelbetter(notasstiff),butwillhelpboostcirculation,lowerbloodpressureandimproveyourmusclestrength,allowingyourbodytobetteradjusttoanyneck,backorjointpainyouareexperiencing.”不良的姿勢POORPOSTURE當(dāng)你久坐數(shù)小時，不良的姿勢會悄悄地傷害身體。要一定比賣你突然接觸操作桿。別忘拿掉你的錢包，你的背部錢包會導(dǎo)致座椅不平整。Poorposturecansneakuponyouwhenyou’vebeensittinginthesamepositionforhours.Makesureyouavoidslumpingforwardtoreachthecontrols.Don’tforgettoremoveyourwalletfromyourbackpocket.Yourbackwilladjustfortheunevenseatingsurfacewhichcausesstrain.Dr.Hoffman’sAdviceAccordingtoDr.Hoffman,“studiesshowthatposturealsoaffectsmindset.Ifyouhavepoorpostureregularly,chancesareyouaren'tinthegreatestofmoods.Sure,worksometimesmightgetdifficult,butdoyourbesttositupstraightandyourmind,nottomentionyourbody,willthankyou.”2.肩痛SHOULDERPAIN因為長時間操作叉車，肩部的肌肉會變硬和僵化。反復(fù)使用方向盤，操作壓力桿會壓抑肩部。Yourmusclescangetstiffandsorethankstotheamountoftimeyouspendonaforklift.Steering,operatingthehydrauliccontrols,andrepetitivemotioncancausestraininyourshoulders.請記住以下的提示，從而避免肌肉疲勞和肩痛Keepthesetipsinmindtoavoidmusclefatigueandshoulderpain:當(dāng)操作叉車時，保持臂部靠墊上Keepyourelbowsinwhiledriving操作液壓桿時，保持在大于正常握手的距離Whenoperatingyourcontrolstrytokeepyourhandoutinahandshakepositionratherthanpalmdown.經(jīng)常伸展Stretchregularly要求一個座椅扶手Askaboutgettingaseatwithanarmrest–itcanhelpprotectyourshoulders3.膝蓋痛KNEEPAIN站立駕駛的叉車經(jīng)常會感覺到膝蓋疼痛。長時間的站立會導(dǎo)致壓力在身體的下半部。當(dāng)斜靠在叉車上時，壓力也會隨之增加。Forkliftoperatorsthatdrivestand-upforkliftscanoftenexperiencekneepain.Simplystandingalongperiodoftimeputspressureonyourlowerbody.Whenyou’realsobracingyourselfagainstthemovementoftheforklift,thepressureandstrainincreases.當(dāng)座位式叉車操作時，不時的扭曲身體，也會造成膝蓋的壓力。Foroperatorsofsit-downforklifts–anytimeyoutwistaround,you’recanalsobestressingyourknees.Takecareofyourkneesandavoidpainby:使用膝蓋護(hù)墊Usingakneebrace改變姿勢，或散步一會Sitdown(ifyou’vebeenstanding)orwalkforafewminuteseveryhour確保不要跳離叉車的方式Makesureyoudon’tjumpdownofftheforklift.Usethreepointsofcontactwheneveryouenterorexitthelift.4.沖擊傷WHIPLASHINJURIES野蠻地加速或停車會導(dǎo)致沖擊傷害/Aggressiveaccelerationandstoppingcancausewhiplashinjuries.Somesymptomsthatyoumayexperienceinclude:脖子痛Neckpain硬化肌肉Stiffness頭痛Headaches眩暈Dizziness注意力難以集中Difficultyconcentrating避免傷害的辦法時平緩操作叉車，主要不要超速。Toavoidwhiplashinjuriestakecaretostartandstopsmoothlyandpayattentiontotheforkliftspeedlimitsinyourworkenvironment.5.肌骨受傷MUSCULOSKELETALINJURYInjurytoyourmusculoskeletalsystemincludesinjurytomuscles,tendons,nerves,discs,bloodvesselsandmore.Earlysignsofmusculoskeletalinjuryappearintheupperbodyincludingtheneck,upperback,shouldersandforearms.Symptomslikeseverepainandreducedmovementcanleadtotheeventualinabilitytowork.Musculoskeletalinjuriescanbecausedbyjerkingorrepetitivemovementsthatdamagethemuscletissue.Toavoidmusculoskeletalinjuries:Stretchregularly–Stretchingbeforeandafteryourshiftcanreducestrainonyourmusclescausedbyrepetitivemovements.Takebreakstostretchduringyourshifttominimizeyourrisk.Useergonomicseatingifpossible–Somefeaturesincludeswivelingbases,armrestsandweightedsuspensionwhichcanmakeyourshiftmorecomfortablebyprotectingyourneck,head,shoulders,backandlegs.Payattentiontotheearlysigns.Inadditiontothesignslistedabove,fatigueiscommonlyassociatedwithmusculoskeletalinjury.Dr.Hoffman’sAdvice"Ifyouareexperiencingseverepain,oriftheseverityofaparticularsourceof