北師大高一英語Unit 8重點詞匯

北師大高一英語Unit8重點詞匯一、重點單詞：1、adventure冒險、奇遇。adventurous喜歡冒險的、充滿危險的；adventurer冒險者、投機分子；短語：adventureanopinion大膽提出一個意見；militaryadventure軍事冒險；insearchofadventures

(去)探險；meetwithanadventure

有冒險經(jīng)歷；setoutonanadventure

去冒險；haveanadventure

有冒險經(jīng)歷；loveadventure

喜歡冒險,愛好冒險；用法：①adventure可指“驚險的事或冒險的行為”,也可指“有刺激性的,非常激動人心的危險經(jīng)歷或工作”。②adventure多用作抽象名詞,常用單數(shù)形式;如果用以指具體的事或行為,則可作可數(shù)名詞。③adventure作名詞時，用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可，作“冒險”講時是U，作“冒險的經(jīng)歷、奇遇”講時是C。如：Helovesadventure(s).配套練習：①Ifyouwanttohave___,youmusthaveproperequipment.A.aadventureB.anadventureC.apieceofadventureD.theadventure②Allchildrenlistenedtohis_____witheagerattention.A.adventureB.adventurousC.adventuresD.adventurer③Thesituationis___-wehavenofood,verylittlewaterandnomedicalsupplies.A.desperateB.adventurousC.desertedD.various④Heisan___youngman.A.adventureB.adventurousC.adventuresD.adventurer2、major較大的、主要的。短語：themajorsubjects主修課程；ahistorymajor歷史專業(yè)學生；themajorindustries主要工業(yè)；armymajor

陸軍少校；Englishmajor

英語專業(yè)的學生；majoroperation

大手術(shù)；majorroads

要道；用法：①major作不及物動詞時，與介詞in連用，表示“把……選讀作主科”。如：Hemajoredinmathematics.他把數(shù)學宣讀作主科。②major在句中只用于名詞前作定語。③major用作動詞時意思是“主修,專攻”,主要用在美式英語中,多與介詞in連用,罕用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。配套練習：①The___aimoftheairraidwasthecompletedestructionofallmeansofcommunicationsbybombing.A.mostB.mostlyC.majorD.majority②The___engineerhadplannedtodesigntheblueprintthewaynooneelsehaveeverdid.A.mainB.chiefC.majorD.total③Mysisterismajoring___EnglishatShandongUniversity.A.atB.inC.forD.with④___peoplesurvivedinthebigfireexceptawomanandtwochildren.A.ThemostB.MostofC.ThemajorityofD.Themajorityofthe3、risk冒險。短語：riskone’slifetodosomething/dosomethingattheriskofone’slife冒著生命危險做某事；riskdoingsomething冒險做某事；beatrisk受威脅；atallrisks=atanyrisk無論冒什么危險、無論如何；run/takearisk冒風險；Thereseemedtobenoriskthatthetrainwouldrunofftherails那天夜里火車好像沒出軌的危險；atone’sownrisk由自己負責,自擔風險；attheriskofdoingsth.冒著……的危險；riskone’slife冒生命危險；runtheriskofdoingsth.冒著……的風險；riskone'sanger

不顧觸怒某人；risk$50

下了50美元賭注；riskone'shealth

拿健康冒險；riskone'smoney

賭錢；riskasinglesoldier

使一個戰(zhàn)士遭受危險；用法：①risk的基本意思是“冒…的危險”,含有“以…孤注一擲并愿意承擔后果”的意味。可指冒由于做某事而發(fā)生另一不幸之事的風險。也可指雖然明知做某事會產(chǎn)生不幸后果,但仍不顧一切地進行。②risk用作及物動詞,接名詞、代詞、動名詞(不接動詞不定式)作賓語?？捎糜诒粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)。③risk也可表示(玩紙牌、賽馬等)賭錢,后接具體的錢數(shù)或money。配套練習：①He___theriskofbeingkilledtosavethelittleboy.A.tookB.takeC.runD.made②Theywouldnotallowhim___acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.goingtoriskD.riskgoing③Ifyourracecarisn’tinsured,youmay___losingeverythingwhenithitssomethingsolid.A.delayB.denyC.avoidD.risk④Hethinksweshouldn’tgoaheadwiththisplanbecauseofthe___offailure.A.futureB.pressureC.worryD.risk4、good好、良好。短語：begoodforsb對某人有好處、有益于某人；begoodat對……擅長、善于；begoodto對……好（后一般接表示人或人格化的名詞）；be+adj+for表達主語所代表的情況對于某人來說是何性質(zhì)；be+adj+to表達主語以怎樣的主觀態(tài)度對待某人。begoodin精通某一學科或技術(shù)；begoodwithsomething善于使用某種工具；dosomebodygood對某人有益；dogoodtosomebody/doagooddeedforsomebody為某人做好事；asgoodas(dead)幾乎一樣、實際上等于；forthegoodof為了……的利益；goodheavens天哪；good/niceandhard=veryhard非常努力；agood25minutes足足25分鐘；somebodyhas/thereissome/nogooddoingsomething做某事有（無）益處；thegoodcityBeijing北京城；forgood

從善；goodfor

對…有用,有效,宜于,適用,勝任；goodfornothing

一無所長；goodin

擅長…的；goodtoone'schildren

對孩子和藹；goodtothepoor

對窮人慈善；goodtothetaste

味道好；goodwith

在…方面有本事的；用法：①good在句中作定語時,表示“好的,愉快的”。good在句中用作表語時,表示善用(某物),善于處理(某事),善待(某人),后接for可表示“有益的,合適的”,后接to可表示“對…友善的”,后接at可表示“精通的,熟練的”。good用作表語時,其后還可接動詞不定式。②goodand+形容詞,在美國口語中常用來加強語氣,表示“很”,等于very。③It'sgoodofsb和It'sgoodforsb都可接todosth,但含義不同。前者重在“人”很好,后者重在“事”很好。④good表示“有道德的事,善”時,是不可數(shù)名詞;表示“好處,利益”時是可數(shù)名詞。配套練習：①Thedoctor,whowasgood___mewhileIwasinhospital,toldmereadinginbedwasbad___myeyes.A.to;forB.for;toC.for;atD.at;of②It’sgood___yourhealthtotakeregularexercise.I’llhaveatry.I’llreallygood___somesportslikeswimming.A.of;toB.for;atC.to;ofD.at;of③ManypeopleloveMarchandApril,becausethistimeoftheyearisgood___sports.A.ofB.atC.forD.to④Wereceivedsomemedicinebutwedidn’tknowifitwouldbegood___us.A.forB.toC.atD.in⑤Studentsmustbe___fromoneanother.A.goodtolearnB.goodinlearningC.goodatlearningD.goodforlearning⑥Joan,I’veboughttheairticketforyou.It’sgood___3days.Thankyou.It’ssogood___youtotakethetrouble.A.to;toB.for;forC.for;ofD.of;for⑦Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It___goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes⑧Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Yes,Iknow.ButIsimplycan’t___.A.giveitupB.giveitinC.giveitoutD.giveitaway⑨A___trainmeansatrainwhichcarriesallkindsofthings,butnopassengers.A.goodB.goodsC.goodsingD.goodsed⑩It’snouse___thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.yourpretendingC.youtopretendD.topretend⑾Motherthoughtitnogood___metomarryJohn.A.forcingB.lettingC.makingD.toforce⑿It’snouse___muchbut___less.A.totalk;todoB.talking;todoC.totalk;doingD.talking;doing⒀Agoodmany___visitorssaidthattheconditionsandservicehadgreatlyimprovedandthattheyhada___timeherethanever.A./;goodB.of;betterC./;betterD.of;good5、variety種種、種類、多樣化。短語：avariety/variousof種種、各種各樣；givevarietytotheprogram使節(jié)目豐富多彩；givevarietyto

使…豐富多彩；likevariety

(孩子)喜歡新鮮；commercialvariety

商業(yè)品種；improvedvariety

改良的品種；varietydish

雜燴；varietytheatre

雜耍劇場；foravarietyofreasons

由于種種原因；inavarietyofways

用種種方法；varietyinthestyleofwork

工作作風的變化；agreatvarietyof

多種多樣的；avarietyofreasons

種種理由；avarietyoftoys

各種玩具；avarietyofuses

種種用途；用法：①variety指“多樣”時，本身是單數(shù)名詞，即使作集體名詞時謂語動詞也應是單數(shù)形式。②variety的基本意思是“變化”“多樣化”,指某事物有不同特征,作此解時,是不可數(shù)名詞。③variety也可譯為“種種,各種”,指各式各樣的事物,作此解時用單數(shù)形式。且后常接名詞復數(shù)或集合名詞。若要強調(diào)有多種人或事物,可在variety前加great或wide。④variety還可指動物或植物的“品種,種類”,作此解時是可數(shù)名詞。⑤a(great,wide,large)varietyof=varietiesof各種各樣的、品類繁多的，其后常加復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式；the/this/thatvarietyof意為“……品類、品種、變種、變體”，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。配套練習：①Everyoneinourclassthoughthewasabsentforhisillness,buthegaveusa___reasonthenextday.A.variousB.varietyofC.differentD.else②Morepeoplechoosetodotheshoppinginadepartmentstoreasitoffersagreat___ofgoods.A.varietyB.numberC.kindD.many③TodayCCTVoffersagreat___ofprogramstomeetthedifferentneedsand___.A.deal;likesB.variety;tastesC.many;interestsD.number;habits④___ofmanpoweristhemaincauseofthedelayatthefactory.A.ShortageB.VarietyC.GuideD.Experience⑤Thereareawide___ofpeopleontheearth.A.varietiesB.kindC.sortD.variety6、confuse搞亂、使糊涂；confused困惑的；短語：confusesb/sthwithsb/sth把……和……混淆、把……混為一談；AisnottobeconfusedwithB不可把A誤作B；confuseblackwithwhite混淆黑白；confusetheenemy迷惑敵人；confuseabout

搞不清…；confuseamong

混雜在…中；confuseat

對…困惑不解；confuseby

以…擾亂…；confusedinmind

心緒紛亂；confusewith

分不出；用法：①confuse的基本意思是“使迷惑”,指人頭腦混亂,沒法清楚地思維或理智地行動,做出了張冠李戴的情況,強調(diào)極其難堪或迷惑不解。②confuse常用作及物動詞,多接名詞或代詞作賓語;也可與介詞with連用,表示“把…同…弄混了”。配套練習：①Thatisexactlyto___black___white.A.compare;toB.confuse;withC.content;withD.confuse;to②The___situationofthechessgamereally___everymemberinthegame-watchingroom.A.confused;confusedB.confusing;confusedC.confusing;hasbeenconfusedD.confused;confuses③Moodhasaneffectonourjob.Ifyouhaveproblemsathomeyourworkwill___.A.confuseB.brakeC.sufferD.trouble④Doyouthinkgeography___tolearn?A.isconfusedB.isconfusingC.itisconfusingD.itisconfused7、prepare準備、調(diào)到、配到。短語：preparesomebodyforsomething使某人對某事進行準備；prepareoneselfasaplayer為自己成為運動員而進行鍛煉；preparetoreceivesomebody準備接待某人；preparesomebodyforsomething/todosomething使某人對（做）某事作好準備；preparethefieldsforthenextharvest為明年的收獲準備好田地；wemustbepreparedagainstdiseases我們必須預防疾??；prepareusameal為我們做飯；prepareoneselftodo/forsomething作好應付做某事的準備；bepreparedagainstanyaggression作好對付任何侵略的準備；bepreparedthatmysonshouldhaveatutor打算為我兒子找一位家庭教師；inpreparationfor為……作準備；用法：①prepare既可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,可接名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語,也可接雙賓語,其間接賓語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞for的賓語。prepare還可接以動詞不定式或as短語充當補足語的復合賓語。prepare接名詞作賓語時,常含有使準備的東西能吃或能用的意味;接動詞不定式作賓語時,意為“準備做某事”;接動詞不定式充當補足語時,意為“準備某人做某事”;接as短語作賓語補足語時,意思是“為當…做準備”。②prepare用作不及物動詞時,其后可接for或against。接against時,所指的大多是不好的事或令人不愉快的事。③beprepared的意思是“做好準備”,其后可跟for引起的短語、動詞不定式或虛擬的that從句,表示“愿意…”。④動詞后直接跟賓語和帶for短語是兩種不同情況：前者的謂語動作直接體現(xiàn)在賓語上，后者for的賓語只是謂語動作要達到的目的。如：search__searchfor;ask__askfor;dig__digfor;leave__leavefor;arrange__arrangefor;配套練習：①Asthemonthlyexamiscoming,theteachersarebusy___thetestpapers.A.preparingB.preparingforC.doingD.making②Heworkedlateintothenight,___aspeech.A.preparingB.preparingforC.preparedD.preparedfor③Iamnot___forthebadnews.A.expectedB.hopedC.wishedD.prepared④Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing⑤It’swiseofyoutomake___foryourtripaheadoftime.A.apreparationB.thepreparationC.preparationsD.preparation⑥He’s___hisspeech___themeetingtomorrowatthismoment.A.preparing;toB.prepared;forC.preparing;forD.preparing;with⑦Haveyou___everythingreadyforthemeeting?Notyet.Weneed___chairs.A.got;anotherthreeB.got;otherthreeC.prepared;theotherthreeD.prepared;threeanother8、advantage優(yōu)點、好處。短語：gain/have/give/get/winanadvantageover/of勝過、優(yōu)于；takeadvantageofsomebody/something欺騙某人(趁機利用某物)toone’sadvantage/totheadvantageofsomebody對某人有利；takesomebodyatadvantage乘某人不備；turn…toadvantage使……轉(zhuǎn)為有利；advantagetosomebody對某人有利；atanadvantage

有利地；fortheadvantageof

為便利…起見；withadvantage

有利地，有效地；advantagefrom

來自…的優(yōu)勢；advantageofcitylife

都市生活的便利；advantageofaneducation

受教育的有利條件；advantageover

比…優(yōu)越,優(yōu)于；用法：①advantage的基本意思是“有利條件,優(yōu)勢”,指條件、環(huán)境、地位等優(yōu)于他人或其他事物,而不指物質(zhì)方面的好處,是可數(shù)名詞。常與介詞over連用,指“與…相比的長處”;作“優(yōu)越性”解,其后還可接介詞to。②advantage還可作“利益,益處”解,是不可數(shù)名詞,其后可接介詞from或in。③advantage偶爾還可用作動詞，意思是“使處于有利地位；有利于；有助于”，是及物動詞。例如：Bostonwasalsoadvantagedwiththeneighbourhoodofthecountry'soldestcollege.波士頓也因附近有本國最古老的學院而得益不少。④advantage后接的介詞of與over可替換，表示相同意思。如：Youhavetheadvantageof/overmeinexperience.你比我有經(jīng)驗。在the

advantagesofe-mailovertelegram中注意搭配使用的是over；配套練習：①Inplayingbasketball,YaoMing___others.A.hasadvantageoverB.hadadvantageoverC.hasanadvantageoverD.hadanadvantageover②Hisbadhealthisagreat___forhimtogetagoodpaidjob.A.advantageB.errorC.disadvantageD.fault③HemadesuchrapidprogressinEnglishstudyjustbecauseofthe___hetookofhiseveryspareminute.A.wayB.useC.placeD.advantage④Beforetryingtofindajob,youmustconsiderwhatadvantageyoucan___bothyourstrongandweakpointstohelpyouinjobseeking.A.takeB.makeC.takeofD.makeof⑤Ridingabikehasmany___overtakingabusordrivingacar.Firstofall,itcausesnoairpollution.A.anadvantageB.charactersC.pointsD.ways⑥It’snotconsiderate___youtotake___ofthelittleboy.A.for;advantageB.of;advantageC.for;useD.of;use⑦Theboyhashisown___,whereothersareweak,he’sstrong.A.disadvantagesB.advantagesC.useD.ways⑧MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,___advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken9、differ不同、相異；difference差別、差異；different不同的、差異的。短語：differfrom/withsomebodyon/about/uponsomething在某事上與某人意見不同；AdiffersfromBin...A與B在……方面不同；AdifferswithBabout/on/over...A與B就……意見相左；makeadifferenceto對……產(chǎn)生變化；對什么有影響；differabout/on/oversth關(guān)于某事意見不一致；differinsth在某方面意見不一致；differaboutmoralstandards

道德標準不同；differasto

關(guān)于…意見可能不一致；differfrom

不同于,和…意見不一致；differfromindividualtoindividual

因人而異；differinsubstance

在實質(zhì)上不同；differonthecause

對原因看法不一；differwith

與…意見不同；用法：differ是不及物動詞,常接不同介詞表示各種附加意義。后接介詞from或with，介詞賓語指人，再接介詞about〔on〕或upon，可表示對某問題有異議;如：I'msorrytodifferfrom/withyouabout/on/uponthatquestion.differ后接介詞from，介詞賓語與主語一致，都指人、事或物。如：Shediffersfromhersisterincharacter.接in可表示在某方面有異議;接with則表示“不同意(某人)或某種意見”。接介詞about,on表示“在某方面與某人意見不同”。配套練習：①Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatly___sizeandshapes.A.onB.fromC.byD.in②Youareina___differentpositionthanbefore.A.veryB.moreC.soD.much③Dogsandwolvesaredifferent___shapesandcharacter.A.fromB.inC.withD.than④Doyouknowthedifference___meaning___thetwowords?A.of;betweenB.in;ofC.in;betweenD.of;from⑤Doesit___who’llgotoyourhelp?A.makenodifferenceB.makesomedifferencesC.makeanydifferenceD.makemanydifferences⑥Heisadifferentman___whathewastenyearsago.A.thanB.fromC.withD.as10、hope希望。短語：inhopesof希望、存在、獲得…；inthehopeofdoingsomething懷著做……的期望(常作狀語)；beyond/pasthope沒有希望；Ihavethehopeofvisitingyou/tovisityou/thatIwillvisityou希望拜訪你；Wehavegreathopesofvisitingyou我們希望拜訪你；givemehopeforthefuture使我對未來抱有希望；There’snohopeofarriving沒有到達的希望；placegreathopesonsomebody對某人寄予很大希望；lookforwardwithhopeto滿懷希望；havesomehopethathewillcome他有來的希望；hopeforsomething希望得到某物；hopetodosomething希望做某事；hopeagainst抱一線希望；Itissincerelyhopedthat…懇切希望；用法：①hope既可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,其后一般接動詞不定式或賓語從句,但不能接名詞、動名詞作賓語,也不能接復合賓語;用作不及物動詞時,常與介詞for連用表示“對…抱有希望”。②hope接動詞不定式的完成體也是表達將來時間。③hope所接的that從句中的謂語多由will〔may〕+v.構(gòu)成,that可省略。在對話中?？捎胹o或not代替前面句子中肯定式或否定式的賓語(動詞不定式或that從句)。④hope用作名詞的基本意思是有可能實現(xiàn)的“希望”或“期望”,也可表示“有希望的人或事物”。作“希望,期望”解時,既可用作可數(shù)名詞,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞;作“有希望的人或事物”解時是可數(shù)名詞,常用于單數(shù)形式。=5\*GB3⑤hope常與介詞of或for連用,其后可接名詞、動名詞或動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。其后還常接由that引導的同位語從句。其它用法：（1）、inthehopeof中的the不能省，of后一般接動名詞，在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況，在作用上相當于hoping短語。（2）、hope表示實現(xiàn)某一愿望有把握或有可能達到的希望,后接that從句,常用現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如:Ihopeshelikestheflowers.（3）、hope后不能用不定式作賓補(在主動或被動句中)。（4）、在Thereislittlehopeofdoingsomething中，hope為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“可能性”。（5）、hope作單數(shù)名詞時后常接ofdoing或that從句，復數(shù)名詞只接ofdoing，不接不定式。如：havethehope/hopesofdoingsomething/that從句。作動詞可接不定式或that從句，但不可接人稱代詞再加不定式，不可直接以名詞作賓語，名詞前要加for,hope不能接雙賓語。在被動句中作謂語時，主語不可以是人。hope+that從句謂語動詞可用一般時表示將來時。（6）、hope本身含有“希望”之意，通常不用不定式形式充當句子的目的狀語。如：Theywalkedasfastastheycouldhoping(不用tohope)togetthereintime.不說：hopedoingsomething/hopesomebodytodosomething，要說成：hopethatsomebodywilldo/doessomething或用：expectsomebodytodosomething；（7）、hope不用否定轉(zhuǎn)移，在否定句中，not和動詞放在hope后，即：hopenottodosomething.（8）、hope/think/want/mean等的過去完成時表示“曾希望、本來以為”，表示未曾實現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算等。（9）、hope/believe/imagine/suppose/guess/think/beafraid/expect/fear等可用so來避免重復已表達過的想法。imagine/suppose/think的否定式有兩種：Idon’tthinkso/Ithinknot.（10）、say/hear/understand/tell/believe可把so放在開頭，如：Maryisgettingmarried.Yes,soIheard.（11）、表示希望意義的動詞hope/mean/want/expect/wish/plan/promise/desire等后接todo表示未來，后接tohavedone表示過去原本希望，但未實現(xiàn)，連詞but常用于此句型后，表示未實現(xiàn)之意。（12）、hope/want/wish/expect/like/hate/try/have/ought/need/used/beable/begoing與to連用，形成不定式，以避免重復。(13)、hope作不及物動詞，常后接for，可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Iamhopingforthenicebook/Betterconditionsarehopedfor.配套練習：①HowI___agoodwatch!A.wishforB.longingforC.hopeforD.wishingfor②I’msurewecanarrangeatripoutintothecountryforyou.I___you’dsaythat.A.washopingB.amhopingC.hopeD.wouldhope③___andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctor’shelptoendherlife.A.HavinggivenuphopeofcureB.WithnohopeforcureC.TherebeinghopeforcureD.Inthehopeofcure④It___thateveryoneinourcountrywillliveahappylife.A.hopesB.hopedC.ishopedD.willhope11、create產(chǎn)生、創(chuàng)造；creativity創(chuàng)造性、創(chuàng)造力；短語：createadrama創(chuàng)作戲劇；createsbapeer封某人為貴族；needn’tcreateaboutit不必大驚小怪；createname指定名稱；createapart創(chuàng)造角色；

createastink引起軒然大波...；createascene吵架；

createthepart為某角色的最初扮演者...；createasensation引起轟動；比較：create，compose，design，invent，make，produce均有“創(chuàng)造”，“制作”之意。create側(cè)重創(chuàng)造出來的東西以前并不存在，或者指獨具特色的創(chuàng)作。compose多指音樂或詩歌、畫的創(chuàng)作。design主要指在藝術(shù)或技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)作設計，強調(diào)構(gòu)思多于實際制造。invent主要用于科技領(lǐng)域，指通過思考、研究或?qū)嶒炛圃斐鲂碌那八从?、極為有用的東西。make最普通用詞，指任何東西的創(chuàng)作或制造。produce指產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，或作品創(chuàng)作的完成。配套練習：①Propersituationsareoften___inourEnglishstudy.A.recreatedB.createdC.creatingD.creative②Weshouldencourageyoungpeopleto___newthingsandbe___.The___ismoreimportantforusinthedevelopingworld.A.create;create;creativityB.creative;creation;creativityC.create;creative;creativityD.create;creation;creation③Sinceallmenare___equal,youhavetherighttofightforequality.A.inventedB.createdC.discoveredD.found④Thefashionking___anewlineofspringdress.A.producedB.createdC.inventedD.made12、chance機會、偶然性（U）、碰巧。短語：byanychance萬一、碰巧；onthechanceof懷著……的希望；takeone’s/a/thechance碰運氣；leaveittochance聽其自然；takethechancetodosomething利用機會做某事；bychance偶然、意外地；givesomebodyachance給某人一個機會；onthechanceofdoingsomething/that…希望、期望；chanceon/upon碰巧遇見、發(fā)現(xiàn)；句型：1)、chancetodosomething碰巧做某事；2)、haveachancetodosomething（表示機會）/ofdoingsomething（作定語，表示可能性）有做某事的機會；3)、Thereisachance/Thechancesarethat…有可能；4)、It(so)chanced(=happened)that…碰巧；用法：=1\*GB3①chance作“機會”解時,用以指能做某事的一種僥幸的或偶然的機會或可能性,它的修飾語可以是of或for短語,也可以是動詞不定式或that從句。=2\*GB3②chance可用作可數(shù)名詞,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞,表示“可能性”時,多用復數(shù)。=3\*GB3③chance還可作“機遇”“運氣”“偶然性”解,是不可數(shù)名詞。chance作“偶然發(fā)生”解時是不及物動詞,可接動詞不定式,不過這個不定式并不表示目的、原因或結(jié)果,而是與chance構(gòu)成一個短語動詞,在句中作謂語。比較：(1)、chance,opportunity表示有機會做某事時，兩者用法相同，后可接todo或ofdoingsomething。但chance后可接從句，opportunity則不能。chance指無法解釋的“天意、命運”所安排的時機，具有冒險、投機、碰運氣的含義。opportunity常用于某一特定時機，具有利于做某事和實現(xiàn)某種抱負與愿望等。如：Letmehaveanopportunityof/fortryingit.chance作“偶然性、運氣”講時，是不可數(shù)，作“機會”講時是可數(shù)。如：It’sagoodchancetolearn/oflearningfromthefamousscientists.(2)、chance發(fā)生，著重強調(diào)事情的發(fā)生純出于偶然或沒有明顯的理由要發(fā)生，不可用在曾經(jīng)計劃過的事情上。如：Ichancedtobeoutwhentheycalled.happen發(fā)生，通俗用詞，表示沒計劃的或偶然的發(fā)生。如：Ihappenedtoseeheronthestreetthismorning.occur發(fā)生，較正式用詞，既指偶然發(fā)生，又指按計劃使某事發(fā)生，所指的時間或事件比較準確，以具體事物、事件為主語時，happen與occur可互換。如：Don’tletthemistakeoccuragain.takeplace發(fā)生、舉行，不指偶然發(fā)生。如：In1919,theMay4thMovementtookplaceinChina.配套練習：①Onasecondthought,Teddecidedtogiveupthe___forfurthereducationabroadforhehadasickwifetolookafter.A.qualityB.advantageC.chanceD.program②I’llgooutforawalk;ifbyany___someonecomestoseeme,askthemtoleaveamessage.A.mistakeB.luckC.possibleD.chance③___playsanimportantpartinplayingpokerwhileplayersdon’twinby___butbymeansoflogicandskillsinchess.A.Chance;chanceB.Chances;chanceC.Achance;thechanceD.Thechance;chances④Everyoneshallhaveafair___tomakethebestofhimself.A.chanceB.opportunityC.occasionD.possibility⑤Ihadlittlechance___agoodjob.Whichiswrong?A.togettingB.ofgettingC.forgettingD.toget13、choose選擇。短語：Thesebooksareforyoutochoose(后要加：from,among,outof)這些書供你挑選；choosebetweenAandB從A、B中選一個；cannotchoosebut(do)只得；choosethreefrom/among/outofthesebooks從這些書中挑選三本；chooseAbeforeB挑A不挑B；choosesomebodysomething替某人挑選某物；choosesomebody(as/for/tobe)ourteamleader挑選某人當隊長；choose…for選……作為；choosetodosomething選定、愿意做某事；chooseas〔for〕

把…選作；用法：①choose作“選擇”解時可接名詞、代詞、帶或不帶疑問詞的動詞不定式、動名詞、that/wh-從句作賓語,也可接雙賓語,其間接賓語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞for的賓語。choose還可接以“tobe/as+n.”或以動詞不定式充當補足語的復合賓語。choose作“決定,選定”解時,可接動詞不定式或that/wh-從句作賓語,而不接名詞或代詞作賓語,不可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。choose后接的that從句須用虛擬語氣。②choose作“喜歡;寧愿”解時，可以搭用before,insteadof或morethan引起的短語來構(gòu)成選擇比較結(jié)構(gòu)。比較：choose挑選，強調(diào)以個人意志判斷的抉擇。如：Choosemeagoodone,please.choice一般只限于兩者之間的選擇。如：Ihaveachoicebetween“go”and“come”.select挑選，強調(diào)在同一種或不同種類的許多東西中進行有目的的精選或淘汰。如：Youmayselectthosebooksyoulikebest.pick(out)與choose,select同義，指按個人的喜好或希望做選擇，有“仔細挑剔、苛刻地選擇”等意味。如：Pickoutwhatyoulikefromthese.配套練習：①Therearefivepairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing②___butkeepsilentoverthematterinordernottolosehispresentjob.A.HehadnochoiceB.TherewasnootherchoiceforhimC.Hedidn’thaveanychoiceD.Therewasnothingforhimtodo③ThecouplenextdoorwerequarrelingallnightlongsoIhadnochoicebut___awaketilldawn.A.lieB.tolieC.layD.tolay④Thekey___ascaptainisthatyoumusthavetheoutstandingabilityofleadership.A.tochoosingB.tochooseC.tobechosenD.tobeingchosen14、turn旋轉(zhuǎn)、轉(zhuǎn)動、翻轉(zhuǎn)、轉(zhuǎn)變。短語：turnabout/around向后轉(zhuǎn)、變方向；turnout結(jié)果、原來（情況是）、生產(chǎn)、培養(yǎng)出、制造；turnout(tobe)=prove(tobe)結(jié)果是、證明是、原來是，后接名詞或形容詞作表語，表示出乎意料；turndown拒絕；turnup上升、出席、開大（音量）、出現(xiàn)；turninto變成（名詞前有冠詞）；turnagainst背叛、轉(zhuǎn)而反對；turnin交出、上交；turnon開、打開（電燈、無線電等）；turnover把……翻過來；turnto轉(zhuǎn)到、翻到；turntosomebody/adictionaryforsomething/gotoasksomebodyforsomething向某人求助某物；turnhisbackonme轉(zhuǎn)過身去不理我；turnred/havearedface臉紅；turnfromsomebody從某人處走開；turnone’sattentiontosomething把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向某事；turnone’shandtowriting致力于寫作；turnto/awayfrommusic致力于/不；turn/drivesomebodyoutofthehouse把某人趕出門；theturnofthecentury世紀初/末；aturnintheroad道路的拐彎處；takethefirstturningontheleft=turnleft/rightatthefirstturning在第一個路口往左拐；byturns一個接一個地、輪流地、交替地；inturn按順序、依次；takeone’sturn/taketurnstodo/(at)doingsomething依次、輪流做某事；wait(不用：for)yourturn=waituntilitisyourturn等著輪到你；Itisone’sturntodosomething輪到某人做某事；用法：①turn可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,可接名詞或代詞作賓語,也可接以形容詞充當補足語的復合賓語。②turn還可用作系動詞,意為“成為,變成”,后接名詞或形容詞作表語,用作表語的名詞須用零冠詞。③turn用作名詞的基本意思是“轉(zhuǎn)動,旋轉(zhuǎn)”,指使某人或某物轉(zhuǎn)動的行為或某物自己旋轉(zhuǎn)的動作,是可數(shù)名詞。④turn也可表示“方向的改變,轉(zhuǎn)折,轉(zhuǎn)折點”“轉(zhuǎn)彎處”,引申可作“時間上的轉(zhuǎn)折點,交替時期”解,是可數(shù)名詞。⑤turn也可作“輪到的機會,順次”解,通常用于單數(shù)形式。⑥turn還可作“發(fā)展變化,新趨勢”“散步”“短小節(jié)目”“風格,性格,性情,習性”等解,是可數(shù)名詞,常與不定冠詞a連用。⑦turnoff關(guān)電燈、收音機、煤氣、自來水等，不可用：shut/shutoff；⑧turn+單數(shù)名詞（作表語），不用冠詞。⑨t(yī)urn用在年齡和時間方面，含有“到達、度過”之意。如：haveturned15已到15歲；配套練習：①Toeveryone’ssurprise,theprettyyounglady___athief.A.turnsdownB.turnedupC.turnsinD.turnedout②Sinceit___afineday.Whydon’twegoouttohaveapicnic?A.turnsonB.turnsupC.turnsoutD.turnsoff③Theweather___tobefine,which,toourdelight,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.gaveoutB.wentoutC.triedoutD.turnedout④___turnedoutthathehadneverbeenthere.A.ThereB.ThisC.ItD.Which⑤Icanhardlyheartheradio.Wouldyouplease___?A.turnitonB.turnitdownC.turnitupD.turnitoff⑥Theoilwasturned___andafirestarted.A.inB.overC.upD.on⑦Thatwasapoorpieceofworkyou___.Icouldhardlybelieveit’syours.A.turnedintoB.turnedoffC.turnedinD.turnedto⑧Wehave___defeat___victory.A.turned;intoB.turned;offC.turned;overD.turned;in15、equip裝備、配備。equipment裝備、設備。短語：equipsomething/somebodywith用……裝備起來；eqquipsbtodosth/forsth使某人具備條件去做某事；beequippedwith備有；amachineryequipmentplant機械裝配廠；apieceofequipment(U)器械、裝備；equipsb./sth.for為……而武裝某人；為……而裝備某物;equiponeselfforalongjourney

為長途旅行準備行裝；equiponeselfinarmour

身穿鎧甲；equipwith

以…裝備；equipwithairconditioning

裝有空調(diào)設備；用法：①equipment常用復數(shù)，表示各種設備。②equip作“裝備”解時,指給某人或某物配備東西,用作及物動詞,可接名詞或代詞作賓語,賓語后面可以接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。常用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。③equip的賓語后可接由with引導的短語,表示“用…裝備;使…具備”;也可接介詞for引導的短語,表示“為…裝備,使為…進行訓練或做好準備”。配套練習：①Thepolicefoundbomb-making___wastheterrorists’hideout.A.equipmentB.equipmentsC.furnitureD.furnitures②AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,___.A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife③Thesoldiers____guns.A.wasequippedwithB.wereequippedwithC.isequippedwithD.areequippedin④Ourschoolhasbeengiven____.A.somenewequipmentsB.somenewequipmentC.newsomeequipmentD.someequipmentnew16.accommodation(n)住宿、住處、膳宿費；短語：cometoanaccommodation達到和解、妥協(xié)；anaccommodatingperson爽快人，好人；accommodatingpolicy融通政策；a