Jobs蘋果電腦公司和皮克斯動畫公司(Pixar)首席執(zhí)行官

歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭g迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！史蒂夫·喬布斯（StevePaulJobs）蘋果電腦公司和皮克斯動畫公司（Pixar）首席執(zhí)行官。以下是SteveJobs在2005年6月12日斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講Thankyou.I'mhonoredtobewithyoutodayforyourcommencementfromoneofthefinestuniversitiesintheworld.Truthbetold,Inevergraduatedfromcollege,andthisistheclosestI'veevergottentoacollegegraduation.Today,Iwanttotellyouthreestoriesfrommylife.That'sit.Nobigdeal.Justthreestories.Thefirststoryisaboutconnectingthedots.IdroppedoutofReedItstartedbeforeIwasborn.Mybiologicalmotherwasayoung,unwedgraduatestudent,andshedecidedtoputmeupforadoption.ShefeltverystronglythatIshouldbeadoptedbycollegegraduates,soeverythingwasallsetformetobeadoptedatbirthbyalawyerandhiswife--exceptthatwhenIpoppedouttheydecidedatthelastminutethattheyreallywantedagirl.Somyparents,whowereonawaitinglist,gotacallinthemiddleofthenightasking,"We'vegotanunexpectedbabyboy;doyouwanthim?"Theysaid,"Ofcourse."Mybiologicalmotherfoundoutlaterthatmymotherhadnevergraduatedfromcollegeandthatmyfatherhadnevergraduatedfromhighschool.Sherefusedtosignthefinaladoptionpapers.SheonlyrelentedafewmonthslaterwhenmyparentspromisedthatIwouldgotocollege.Thiswasthestartinmylife.And17yearslaterIdidgotocollege.ButInaivelychoseacollegethatwasalmostasexpensiveasStanford,andallofmyworking-classparents'savingswerebeingspentonmycollegetuition.Aftersixmonths,Icouldn'tseethevalueinit.IhadnoideawhatIwantedtodowithmylifeandnoideahowcollegewasgoingtohelpmefigureitout.AndhereIwasspendingallofthemoneymyparentshadsavedtheirentirelife.SoIdecidedtodropoutandtrustthatitwouldallworkoutokay.Itwasprettyscaryatthetime,butlookingbackitwasoneofthebestdecisionsIevermade.TheminuteIdroppedoutIcouldstoptakingtherequiredclassesthatdidn'tinterestme,andbegindroppinginontheonesthatlookedfarmoreinteresting.Itwasn'tallromantic.Ididn'thaveadormroom,soIsleptonthefloorinfriends'rooms.Ireturnedcokebottlesforthefivecentdepositstobuyfoodwith,andIwouldwalkthesevenmilesacrosstowneverySundaynighttogetonegoodmealaweekattheHareKrishnatemple.Ilovedit.AndmuchofwhatIstumbledintobyfollowingmycuriosityandintuitionturnedouttobepricelesslateron.Letmegiveyouoneexample:ReedNoneofthishadevenahopeofanypracticalapplicationinmylife.Buttenyearslater,whenweweredesigningthefirstMacintoshcomputer,itallcamebacktome.AndwedesigneditallintotheMac.Itwasthefirstcomputerwithbeautifultypography.IfIhadneverdroppedinonthatsinglecourseincollege,the"Mac"wouldhaveneverhadmultipletypefacesorproportionallyspacedfonts.AndsinceWindowsjustcopiedtheMac,it'slikelythatnopersonalcomputerwouldhavethem.IfIhadneverdroppedout,Iwouldhaveneverdroppedinonthatcalligraphyclass,andpersonalcomputersmightnothavethewonderfultypographythattheydo.OfcourseitwasimpossibletoconnectthedotslookingforwardwhenIwasincollege.Butitwasvery,veryclearlookingbackwards10yearslater.Again,youcan'tconnectthedotslookingforward;youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.Youhavetotrustinsomething--yourgut,destiny,life,karma,whatever--becausebelievingthatthedotswillconnectdowntheroadwillgiveyoutheconfidencetofollowyourheart,evenwhenitleadsyouoffthewell-wornpath,andthatwillmakeallthedifference.Mysecondstoryisaboutloveandloss.Iwaslucky--IfoundwhatIlovedtodoearlyinlife.Woz1andIstartedAppleinmyparents'garagewhenIwas20.Weworkedhard,andin10yearsApplehadgrownfromjustthetwoofusinagarageintoatwobilliondollarcompanywithover4000employees.We'djustreleasedourfinestcreation--theMacintosh--ayearearlier,andIhadjustturned30.AndthenIgotfired.Howcanyougetfiredfromacompanyyoustarted?Well,asApplegrewwehiredsomeonewhoIthoughtwasverytalentedtorunthecompanywithme,andforthefirstyearorsothingswentwell.Butthenourvisionsofthefuturebegantodivergeandeventuallywehadafallingout.Whenwedid,ourBoardofDirectorssidedwithhim.Andsoat30,Iwasout.Andverypubliclyout.Whathadbeenthefocusofmyentireadultlifewasgone,anditwasdevastating.Ireallydidn'tknowwhattodoforafewmonths.IfeltthatIhadletthepreviousgenerationofentrepreneursdown--thatIhaddroppedthebatonasitwasbeingpassedtome.ImetwithDavidPackardandBobNoyceandtriedtoapologizeforscrewingupsobadly.Iwasaverypublicfailure,andIeventhoughtaboutrunningawayfromthevalley.Butsomethingslowlybegantodawnonme:IstilllovedwhatIdid.TheturnofeventsatApplehadnotchangedthatonebit.Ihadbeenrejected,butIwasstillinlove.AndsoIdecidedtostartover.Ididn'tseeitthen,butitturnedoutthatgettingfiredfromApplewasthebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome.Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife.Duringthenextfiveyears,IstartedacompanynamedNeXT,anothercompanynamedPixar,andfellinlovewithanamazingwomanwhowouldbecomemywife.Pixarwentontocreatetheworld'sfirstcomputer-animatedfeaturefilm,ToyStory,andisnowthemostsuccessfulanimationstudiointheworld.Inaremarkableturnofevents,AppleboughtNeXT,andIretunedtoApple,andthetechnologywedevelopedatNeXTisattheheartofApple'scurrentrenaissance.AndLaureneandIhaveawonderfulfamilytogether.I'mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn'tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawfultastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimelife--Sometimeslifegoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don'tlosefaith.I'mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You'vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven'tfoundityet,keeplooking--anddon'tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you'llknowwhenyoufindit.Andlikeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking--don'tsettle.Mythirdstoryisaboutdeath.WhenIwas17,Ireadaquotethatwentsomethinglike:"Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwasyourlast,somedayyou'llmostcertainlyberight."Itmadeanimpressiononme,andsincethen,forthepast33years,I'velookedinthemirroreverymorningandaskedmyself:"Iftodaywerethelastdayofmylife,wouldIwanttodowhatIamabouttodotoday?"Andwhenevertheanswerhasbeen"No"fortoomanydaysinarow,IknowIneedtochangesomething.RememberingthatI'llbedeadsoonisthemostimportanttoolI'veeverencounteredtohelpmemakethebigchoicesinlife.Becausealmosteverything--allexternalexpectations,allpride,allfearofembarrassmentorfailure--thesethingsjustfallawayinthefaceofdeath,leavingonlywhatistrulyimportant.RememberingthatyouaregoingtodieisthebestwayIknowtoavoidthetrapofthinkingyouhavesomethingtolose.Youarealreadynaked.Thereisnoreasonnottofollowyourheart.AboutayearagoIwasdiagnosedwithcancer.Ihadascanat7:30inthemorning,anditclearlyshowedatumoronmypancreas.Ididn'tevenknowwhatapancreaswas.Thedoctorstoldmethiswasalmostcertainlyatypeofcancerthatisincurable,andthatIshouldexpecttolivenolongerthanthreetosixmonths.Mydoctoradvisedmetogohomeandgetmyaffairsinorder,whichisdoctor'scodefor"preparetodie."Itmeanstotryandtellyourkidseverythingyouthoughtyou'dhavethenext10yearstotelltheminjustafewmonths.Itmeanstomakesureeverythingisbuttonedupsothatitwillbeaseasyaspossibleforyourfamily.Itmeanstosayyourgoodbyes.Ilivedwiththatdiagnosisallday.LaterthateveningIhadabiopsy,wheretheystuckanendoscopedownmythroat,throughmystomachintomyintestines,putaneedleintomypancreasandgotafewcellsfromthetumor.Iwassedated,butmywife,whowasthere,toldmethatwhentheyviewedthecellsunderamicroscopethedoctorsstartedcryingbecauseitturnedouttobeaveryrareformofpancreaticcancerthatiscurablewithsurgery.Ihadthesurgeryand,thankfully,I'mfinenow.ThiswastheclosestI'vebeentofacingdeath,andIhopeit'stheclosestIgetforafewmoredecades.Havinglivedthroughit,Icannowsaythistoyouwithabitmorecertaintythanwhendeathwasausefulbutpurelyintellectualconcept:Noonewantstodie.Evenpeoplewhowanttogotoheavendon'twanttodietogetthere.Andyetdeathisthedestinationweallshare.Noonehaseverescapedit.Andthatisasitshouldbe,becauseDeathisverylikelythesinglebestinventionofLife.It'sLife'schangeagent.Itclearsouttheoldtomakewayforthenew.Rightnowthenewisyou,butsomedaynottoolongfromnow,youwillgraduallybecometheoldandbeclearedaway.Sorrytobesodramatic,butit'squitetrue.Yourtimeislimited,sodon'twasteitlivingsomeoneelse'slife.Don'tbetrappedbydogma--whichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeople'sthinking.Don'tletthenoiseofothers'opinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice.Andmostimportant,havethecouragetofollowyourheartandintuition.Theysomehowalreadyknowwhatyoutrulywanttobecome.Everythingelseissecondary.WhenIwasyoung,therewasanamazingpublicationcalledTheWholeEarthCatalog,whichwasoneofthe"bibles"ofmygeneration.ItwascreatedbyafellownamedStewartBrandnotfarfromhereinMenloPark,andhebroughtittolifewithhispoetictouch.Thiswasinthelate60s,beforepersonalcomputersanddesktoppublishing,soitwasallmadewithtypewriters,scissors,andPolaroidcameras.ItwassortoflikeGoogleinpaperbackform,35yearsbeforeGooglecamealong.Itwasidealistic,overflowingwithneattoolsandgreatnotions.StewartandhisteamputoutseveralissuesofTheWholeEarthCatalog,andthenwhenithadrunitscourse,theyputoutafinalissue.Itwasthemid-1970s,andIwasyourage.Onthebackcoveroftheirfinalissuewasaphotographofanearlymorningcountryroad,thekindyoumightfindyourselfhitchhikingonifyouweresoadventurous.Beneathitwerethewords:"StayHungry.StayFoolish."求知若饑，虛心若愚。Itwastheirfarewellmessageastheysignedoff.StayHungry.StayFoolish.AndI'vealwayswishedthatformyself.Andnow,asyougraduatetobeginanew,Iwishthatforyou.StayHungry.StayFoolish.Thankyouallverymuch謝謝大家。

今天，有榮幸來到各位從世界上最好的學(xué)校之一畢業(yè)的畢業(yè)典禮上。我從來沒從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。說實話，這是我離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一刻。今天，我只說三個故事，不談大道理，三個故事就好。第一個故事，是關(guān)于人生中的點點滴滴怎么串連在一起。我在里德學(xué)院（Reedcollege）待了六個月就辦休學(xué)了。到我退學(xué)前，一共休學(xué)了十八個月。那么，我為什么休學(xué)？這得從我出生前講起。我的親生母親當(dāng)時是個研究生，年輕未婚媽媽，她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我。她強(qiáng)烈覺得應(yīng)該讓有大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人收養(yǎng)我，所以我出生時，她就準(zhǔn)備讓我被一對律師夫婦收養(yǎng)。但是這對夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他們想收養(yǎng)女孩。

所以在等待收養(yǎng)名單上的一對夫妻，我的養(yǎng)父母，在一天半夜里接到一通電話，問他們「有一名意外出生的男孩，你們要認(rèn)養(yǎng)他嗎？」而他們的回答是「當(dāng)然要」。后來，我的生母發(fā)現(xiàn)，我現(xiàn)在的媽媽從來沒有大學(xué)畢業(yè)，我現(xiàn)在的爸爸則連高中畢業(yè)也沒有。她拒絕在認(rèn)養(yǎng)文件上做最后簽字。直到幾個月后，我的養(yǎng)父母同意將來一定會讓我上大學(xué)，她才軟化態(tài)度。十七年后，我上大學(xué)了。但是當(dāng)時我無知選了一所學(xué)費(fèi)幾乎跟史丹佛一樣貴的大學(xué)，我那工人階級的父母所有積蓄都花在我的學(xué)費(fèi)上。六個月后，我看不出念這個書的價值何在。那時候，我不知道這輩子要干什么，也不知道念大學(xué)能對我有什么幫助，而且我為了念這個書，花光了我父母這輩子的所有積蓄。

所以我決定休學(xué)，相信船到橋頭自然直。當(dāng)時這個決定看來相當(dāng)可怕，可是現(xiàn)在看來，那是我這輩子做過最好的決定之一。當(dāng)我休學(xué)之后，我再也不用上我沒興趣的必修課，把時間拿去聽那些我有興趣的課。

這一點也不浪漫。我沒有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家里的地板上，靠著回收可樂空罐的五先令退費(fèi)買吃的，每個星期天晚上得走七哩的路繞過大半個鎮(zhèn)去印度教的HareKrishna神廟吃頓好料。我喜歡HareKrishna神廟的好料。追尋我的好奇與直覺，我所駐足的大部分事物，后來看來都成了無價之寶。舉例來說：當(dāng)時里德學(xué)院有著大概是全國最好的書法指導(dǎo)。在整個校園內(nèi)的每一張海報上，每個抽屜的標(biāo)簽上，都是美麗的手寫字。因為我休學(xué)了，可以不照正常選課程序來，所以我跑去學(xué)書法。我學(xué)了serif與sanserif字體，學(xué)到在不同字母組合間變更字間距，學(xué)到活版印刷偉大的地方。書法的美好、歷史感與藝術(shù)感是科學(xué)所無法捕捉的，我覺得那很迷人。

我沒預(yù)期過學(xué)的這些東西能在我生活中起些什么實際作用，不過十年后，當(dāng)我在設(shè)計第一臺麥金塔時，我想起了當(dāng)時所學(xué)的東西，所以把這些東西都設(shè)計進(jìn)了麥金塔里，這是第一臺能印刷出漂亮東西的計算機(jī)。如果我沒沉溺于那樣一門課里，麥金塔可能就不會有多重字體跟變間距字體了。又因為Windows抄襲了麥金塔的使用方式，如果當(dāng)年我沒這樣做，大概世界上所有的個人計算機(jī)都不會有這些東西，印不出現(xiàn)在我們看到的漂亮的字來了。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)我還在大學(xué)里時，不可能把這些點點滴滴預(yù)先串在一起，但是這在十年后回顧，就顯得非常清楚。我再說一次，你不能預(yù)先把點點滴滴串在一起；唯有未來回顧時，你才會明白那些點點滴滴是如何串在一起的。所以你得相信，你現(xiàn)在所體會的東西，將來多少會連接在一塊。你得信任某個東西，直覺也好，命運(yùn)也好，生命也好，或者業(yè)力。這種作法從來沒讓我失望，也讓我的人生整個不同起來。我的第二個故事，有關(guān)愛與失去。我好運(yùn)－年輕時就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛做什么事。我二十歲時，跟SteveWozniak在我爸媽的車庫里開始了蘋果計算機(jī)的事業(yè)。我們拼命工作，蘋果計算機(jī)在十年間從一間車庫里的兩個小伙子擴(kuò)展成了一家員工超過四千人、市價二十億美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我們最棒的作品－麥金塔，而我才剛邁入人生的第三十個年頭，然后被炒魷魚。你怎么能讓自己創(chuàng)辦的公司炒自己魷魚？好吧，當(dāng)蘋果計算機(jī)成長后，我請了一個我以為他在經(jīng)營公司上很有才干的家伙來，他在頭幾年也確實干得不錯?？墒俏覀儗ξ磥淼脑妇安煌?，最后只好分道揚(yáng)鑣，董事會站在他那邊，炒了我魷魚，公開把我請了出去。曾經(jīng)是我整個成年生活重心的東西不見了，令我不知所措。有幾個月，我實在不知道要干什么好。我覺得我令企業(yè)界的前輩們失望－我把他們交給我的接力棒弄丟了。我見了創(chuàng)辦HP的DavidPackard跟創(chuàng)辦Intel的BobNoyce，跟他們說我很抱歉把事情搞砸得很厲害了。我成了公眾的非常負(fù)面示范，我甚至想要離開硅谷。但是漸漸的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我還是喜愛著我做過的事情，在蘋果的日子經(jīng)歷的事件沒有絲毫改變我愛做的事。我被否定了，可是我還是愛做那些事情，所以我決定從頭來過。當(dāng)時我沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是現(xiàn)在看來，被蘋果計算機(jī)開除，是我所經(jīng)歷過最好的事情。成功的沉重被從頭來過的輕松所取代，每件事情都不那么確定，讓我自由進(jìn)入這輩子最有創(chuàng)意的年代。接下來五年，我開了一家叫做NeXT的公司，又開一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟后來的老婆談起了戀愛。Pixar接著制作了世界上第一部全計算機(jī)動畫電影，玩具總動員，現(xiàn)在是世界上最成功的動畫制作公司。然后，蘋果計算機(jī)買下了NeXT，我回到了蘋果，我們在NeXT發(fā)展的技術(shù)成了蘋果計算機(jī)后來復(fù)興的核心。我也有了個美妙的家庭。我很確定，如果當(dāng)年蘋果計算機(jī)沒開除我，就不會發(fā)生這些事情。這帖藥很苦口，可是我想蘋果計算機(jī)這個病人需要這帖藥。有時候，人生會用磚頭打你的頭。不要喪失信