英語語法教學(xué)：非謂語動(dòng)詞 課件

非謂語動(dòng)詞編輯ppt一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)1、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別；2、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語；3、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語；4、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語；5、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)；6、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語；7、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)。編輯ppt二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能不定式主語賓語表語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語動(dòng)名詞主語賓語表語定語分詞表語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語編輯ppt三、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別高考題點(diǎn)擊：1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_____tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing..,disappearedB.seized..,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用and連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯(cuò)；不用and連接時(shí)稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，故C錯(cuò)。seized和took是并列謂語，disappearing是伴隨狀語。此題的關(guān)鍵是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，則三個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列。AD編輯ppt四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語高考題點(diǎn)擊：1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_____.(01上海)A.he’dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.(05北京卷)A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having在and連接的并列句中，兩個(gè)主語最好要保持一致的形式。動(dòng)名詞fishing和collectingcoins分別作兩個(gè)簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為“釣魚是他的愛好，集郵也給他帶來極大的樂趣?！盌D編輯ppt非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語時(shí)要注意以下兩個(gè)重要問題：第一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，如：Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.第二需要注意一些結(jié)構(gòu)：A)在It’snouse(good;value;importance)等結(jié)構(gòu)中只用動(dòng)名詞作主語。如：It’snousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比較：There’snoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在It’s+adj.結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型：It’seasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todoIt’skind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周到的),silly,selfish(自私的))后加ofsb.todo編輯ppt3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____itmoredifficult.(99N)A.notmake B.nottomake C.notmaking D.donotmakeB動(dòng)詞不定式短語tomakelifeeasier及nottomakeitmoredifficult都作purpose的表語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語時(shí)要特別注意兩個(gè)問題，一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，二是時(shí)間問題。一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。動(dòng)名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。編輯ppt五、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語

高考題點(diǎn)擊：1.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smelt D.tobesmelt

2.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe________murderlastnight.（04江蘇）A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted該題的謂語動(dòng)詞是attract，“聞起來很香”用來作定語修飾主語flowers。BC“謀殺”只能被預(yù)謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)。編輯ppt3.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(00北京春季)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung4.Therearefivepairs_____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.(99上海)A.tobechosen B.tochoosefrom C.tochoose D.forchoosingBBhang作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)表示人為的“掛”；作不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的hang為不及物動(dòng)詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。動(dòng)詞不定式tochoosefrom和tochoose都可以作定語，問題是tochoose作定語時(shí)該名詞是choose的對象；tochoosefrom作定語時(shí)，該名詞是choose的范圍。該題指的是范圍.編輯ppt非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)要注意以下區(qū)別：分詞作定語時(shí)與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)只表示用途、場所等意義；不定式作定語時(shí)要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：在time,chance,right等名詞后；在序數(shù)詞后；在wish,need,demand,requirement…等詞后。D)表示被動(dòng)意義的非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的用法：done表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作tobedone表示尚未開始的動(dòng)作beingdone表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動(dòng)作編輯ppt六、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)高考題點(diǎn)擊：

Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(95N)A.notto B.nottodo C.nottoit D.donottoA為了避免重復(fù)，常用省略形式to來代替前面的動(dòng)作。如：Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,I’dliketo.有些動(dòng)詞后面需要用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，除tell外，常見的還有：adviseallowcauseconsiderencourageforbidforceintendorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireurgewarnaskwishwant等特別注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等沒有賓補(bǔ)。編輯ppt2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople___.(99上海)A.haveitdo B.haveitdone C.havedoneit D.havingitdone使役動(dòng)詞make/have/letsb.dosth.但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，則應(yīng)為：bemade/lettodo。注意其它不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。此句中的it指代的是acomputer，what在從句中作do的賓語，表示“人們讓計(jì)算機(jī)所做的事“應(yīng)該用…peoplehaveacomputerdo…這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是have的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：havesb./sth.do…;havesb./sth.done…;havesb./sth.doing…;havesb./sth.todoBA編輯ppt4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.(00N)A.carryout B.carryingoutC.carriedout D.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen___neartheriver.(94N)A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplaythat引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾plan，在從句中作see的賓語。因此從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為seetheplancarriedout。特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。感官性動(dòng)詞后面的賓補(bǔ)若用不定式，則表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。本句應(yīng)理解為正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。CA編輯ppt七、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語

高考題點(diǎn)擊：

1.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.(95N)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeet D.tohavemet2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____tomynewjob.(00N)A.expected B.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsCB注意1：僅帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend,等；注意2：動(dòng)詞know,show等常帶疑問詞加todo作賓語。編輯ppt3.Ireallyappreciate_____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(01上海)A.tohavehadtime B.havingtime C.tohavetime D.tohavingtimeB僅帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞為：admitappreciateavoiddelayenjoyescapeexcusepreventfinishimaginemindpractiseresistrisksuggeststandforgivekeepallowadvisepermitforbid但如果在allowadvisepermitforbid后提到有關(guān)的人，就只能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。在動(dòng)詞want,need,require,demand等詞后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于tobedone。編輯ppt4.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret_____that.(95N)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.---Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.---Don’tyouremember_____methestoryyesterday?(99上海)A.told B.telling C.totell tohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(02上海春季)A.waiting B.towait C.waitD.tobewaitingDBA特別注意帶不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)意義不同的動(dòng)詞：remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop編輯ppt7.Howaboutthetwoofus___awalkdownthegarden?(93N)A.totake B.take C.taking D.tobetaking8.---Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(94N)A.lettingyounotknow B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot D.lettingnotyouknow9.Sandycoulddonothingbut_____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(01上海春季)A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.toadmitCBA介詞的賓語一般都用動(dòng)名詞，但有三個(gè)介詞but(except)/than/beabout后要接不定式作賓語。編輯ppt10.Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(94N)A.ride…ride B.riding…ride C.ride…toride D.toride…riding注意prefer的幾個(gè)常用句型：prefertodosth.thandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.prefer+n.to+n.C編輯ppt11.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_____someschoolsforpoorchildren.(01上海春季)A.setupB.settingup C.havesetupD.havingsetup12.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey_____theproblemistomeetthedemand_____bythecustomers.(02北京)A.tosolving…making B.tosolving…madeC.tosolve…making D.tosolve…madeBB要特別注意to的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。admitto，beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于，beusedto，stickto，turnto，devoteoneselfto，bedevotedto，lookforwardto，payattentionto,getdownto等編輯ppt八、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語高考題點(diǎn)擊：

1.---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.Get B.Getting C.Toget D.Tobegetting2._____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(01北京春季)A.Tosleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_____.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretreesCAD編輯ppt4._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96N)A.Losing B.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven6.HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hoped B.hoping C.tohope D.hopeloseoneselfinsth.表示“陷入…”，主語he為lose的賓語。given作狀語意為“考慮到”，意思相當(dāng)于considering。注意hoping為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的toget…。CAB編輯ppt7.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02N)A.begins B.havingbegun C.beginning D.begun8.Findinghercarstolen,_____.(01上海).A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhere D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelponce在此處只是副詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語的關(guān)系。begin為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“開始、啟動(dòng)”，故該用過去分詞。本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。DD編輯ppt九、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)

高考題點(diǎn)擊：

Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(97N)A.togoB.havinggone C.going D.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99N)A.tohavestudied B.tostudy C.tobestudying D.tohavebeenstudyingDAwouldlovetohavedone表示本想去做，但沒做成。本題的關(guān)鍵是“whatcountryhestudiedin”，由此可知事情發(fā)生在過去。編輯ppt3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.(01上海)A.totell B.tobetoldC.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.(02N)A.tosee B.tobeseen C.seeing D.seen本題中母親被告知真象顯然發(fā)生在以前，所以你現(xiàn)在沒有必要再隱瞞了。remain后接todo，此處it指代的是后面的主語從句。他們是否喜歡有待于觀察，此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)。DB編輯ppt5._____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(02上海)A.Exposed B.Havingexposed C.Beingexposed D.Afterbeingexposed6._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01N)A.Havingsuffered B.Suffering C.Tosuffer D.Suffered7.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_____totheparty.(00上海)A.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvited D.nothavingbeeninvited該句缺主語，只能用動(dòng)名詞才能作主語。CAD編輯ppt8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(02上海春季)A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettledwith+n./pron.+O.C.構(gòu)成一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。用settled表示已經(jīng)解決了的問題；用beingsettled表示正在被解決的問題；用tobesettled表示將要被解決的問題。而此處的tosettle是用來作定語修飾前面的problems。另外還要注意一下分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法。C編輯pptGood-bye!編輯ppt編輯ppt9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2023/1/52023/1/5Thursday,January5,202310、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2023/1/52023/1/52023/1/51/5/20238:19:13PM11、以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見頻。。2023/1/52023/1/52023/1/5Jan-2305-Jan-2312、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2023/1/52023/1/52023/1/5Thursday,January5,202313、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。。2023/1/52023/1/52023/1/52023/1/51/5/202314、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。。05一月20232023/1/52023/1/52023/1/515、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。一月232023/1/52023/1/52023/1/51/5/202316、行動(dòng)出成果，工作出財(cái)富。。2023/1/52023/1/505January202317、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。。2023/1/52023/1/52023/1/52023/1/59、沒有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。2023/1/52023/1/5Thursday,Janu