2022年英語專業(yè)八級聽力原文輔導

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SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

Inthissection,youwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youllbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanother10minutestocompletethegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.

Intodayslecture,IlltalkabouttheAmericanfamiliesfromthefollowingfiveaspects:familystructures,theemphasisoninpidualfreedoms,theroleofthechild,equalityinthefamily,andfamilyvalues.

First,familystructures.WhatisthetypicalAmericanfamilylike?IfAmericansareaskedtonamethemembersoftheirfamilies,familystructurebecomesclear.MarriedAmericanadultswillnametheirhusbandorwifeandtheirchildren,iftheyhaveany,astheirimmediatefamily.Iftheymentiontheirfather,mother,sisters,orbrothers,theywilldefinethemasseparateunits,usuallylivinginseparatehouseholds.Aunts,uncles,cousins,andgrandparentsareconsideredextendedfamily.Traditionally,theAmericanfamilyhasbeenanuclearfamily,consistingofahusband,wifeandtheirchildren,andlivinginahouseorapartment.Grandparentsrarelyliveinthesamehomewiththeirmarriedsonsordaughters,andunclesandauntsalmostneverdo.

Second,theemphasisoninpidualfreedom.Americansviewthefamilyasagroupwhoseprimarypurposeistoadvancethehappinessofinpidualmembers.Theresultisthattheneedsofeachinpidualtakepriorityinthelifeofthefamily.Incontrasttothatofmanyothercultures,theprimaryresponsibilityoftheAmericanfamilymemberisnottoadvancethefamilyasagroup,eithersociallyoreconomically,norisittobringhonortothefamilyname.ThisispartlybecausetheUnitedStatesisnotanaristocraticsociety.Familynameandhonorarelessimportantthaninaristocraticsocieties,sinceequalityofopportunityregardlessofbirthisconsideredabasicAmericanvalue.Moreover,thereislessemphasisonthefamilyasaneconomicunitbecausetheAmericanfamilyisrarelyself-supporting.Relativelyfewfamiliesmaintainself-supportingfamilyfarmsorbusinessesformorethanonegeneration.Afarmersson,forexample,isverylikelytogoontoacollege,leavethefamilyfarm,andtakeanentirelydifferentjobinadifferentlocation.TheAmericandesireforfreedomfromoutsidecontrolclearlyextendstothefamily.Americansdonotliketohavecontrolsplacedonthembyotherfamilymembers.Theywanttomakeindependentdecisionsandnotbetoldwhattodobygrandparentsorunclesoraunts.Forexample,bothAmericanmenandwomenexpecttodecidewhatjobisbestforthemasinpiduals.Indeed,youngAmericansareencouragedbytheirfamiliestomakesuchindependentcareerdecisions.Whatwouldbebestforthefamilyisnotconsideredtobeasimportantaswhatwouldbebestfortheinpidual.

Third,theroleofthechild.TheAmericanemphasisontheinpidual,ratherthanthegroup,affectschildreninacontradictoryway.Ontheonehand,itmaycausethemtogetmoreattentionandevenhavemorepowerthantheyshould.Ontheotherhand,becausemostchildrenhavemotherswhoareworkingoutsidethehome,theymaynotgetenoughattentionfromeitherparent.Worseyet,parentswhofeelguiltyfornothavingenoughtimewiththeirchildrenmaygivethemmorematerialthingstocompensateforthelackofattention.Studiesshowthatbothparentsarenowspendinglesstimewiththeirchildren,duetoworkhabitsandabusylifestyle.Ingeneral,Americanfamiliestendtoplacemoreemphasisontheneedsanddesiresofthechildandlessonthechildssocialandfamilyresponsibilities.IntheyearsafterWorldWarTwo,somuchstresshasbeenplacedonthepsychologicalneedsofchildrenthatthenumberofexpertsinthisfieldhasincreasedenormously.SomeAmericansbelievethattheemphasisonthepsychologicalneedsoftheinpidualchildhavebeencarriedtoofarbyparentsandexpertsalike.AlthoughAmericansmaynotagreeonhowbesttonurtureanddisciplinetheirchildrentheystillholdthebasicbeliefthatthemajorpurposeofthefamilyisthedevelopmentandwelfareofeachofitsmembersasinpiduals.

ThenextpointIdliketotalkaboutisequalityinthefamily.AlongwiththeAmericanemphasisoninpidualfreedom,thebeliefinequalityhashadastrongeffectonthefamily.Thereismuchmoresocialequalitybetweenparentsandchildrenthaninmostaristocraticsocietiesorsocietiesruledbycenturiesoftradition.Thiscanbewitnessedinargumentsbetweenparentsandtheirchildren,andintheconsiderableindependencegrantedtoteenagers.Childrenaregivenalotoffreedomandequalityinthefamilysothattheywillgrowuptobeindependent,self-reliantadults.

Last,thefamilyvalues.DanielYankelovich,basedonasurvey,reportsthatthereare11pointsthatamajorityofAmericansagreeonfamilyvalues.Heclassifiessixofthemasclearlytraditional.Theyarerespectingonesparents,beingresponsibleforonesactions,havingfaithinGod,respectingauthority,marriedtothesamepersonforlife,andleavingtheworldinbettershape.Theotherfiveareablendoftraditionalandnewer,moreexpressivevalues.Theyaregivingemotionalsupporttoothermembersofthefamily,respectingpeopleforthemselves,developinggreaterskillincommunicatingonesfeelings,respectingoneschildren,andlivinguptoonespotentialasaninpidual.TheidealoftheAmericanfamilyisgroupcooperationtohelpachievethefulfillmentofeachinpidualmember,andsharedaffectiontoreneweachmembersemotionalstrength.Familiescanbeviewedassimilartochurchesinthisregard.BothareseenbyAmericansasplaceswherethehumanspiritcanfindrefugefromthehighlycompetitiveworldoutsideandrenewedresourcestocontinuetheeffort.

Bythis,wearenowcomingtotheendoftodayslecture.Thankyouforyourattention.

SectionBCONVERSATION

InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to5arebasedonaconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowing5questions.Nowlistentotheconversation.

MaryW:Hello,mayIcomein?

JohnSmithM:Oh,yes,comein.howcanIhelpyou?

W:IwaslookingfortheEconomicsoffice.IvebeenallovertheArtsFacultybuildinglookingforitbutIcouldonlyfindtheSchoolofAccountingandEconomicHistory.Isthistherightplace?

M:Yes,thisistheSchoolofEconomics.

W:Oh,good.MynameisMary.IamanewstudentandIwaswonderingifsomeonecouldgivemesomeinformation.

M:Nicetomeetyou,Mary.IthinkImightbeabletohelp.IamJohnSmith.Ilectureonthatprogram.Whatdoyouneedtoknow?

W:Quiteafewthings.Firstly,howmanylecturesaweekdoIhavetoattend?

M:Ah,well,theEconomicscourseisadoubleunitsotherearetwolecturesaweekandonetutorial.ThelecturesarescheduledforTuesdayandThursday.

W:Whattime?

M:Letmesee…youknowthisinformationisallinthehandoutwhichyoushouldhavereceivedyesterdayattheorientationmeeting.

W:Oh,wasthereameetingyesterday?Ididntknowaboutthat.

M:Yes,therewas.Butnevermind.Newlecturesareatfourintheafternoon.

W:Foursabitlate.Ivegotaparttimejobthatstartsatfourthirty.

M:Well,youcantbeintwoplacesatonce.Andattendanceatlecturesisnecessary.Weexpectatleast90%attendanceatthisuniversity,youknow.

W:90%?Thatshigh.MaybeIhavetoomitthisone,too.Dotheyenforcethatrule?

M:Yes,wedo.Wereprettystrictaboutitactually.

W:Andwhattimeshavebeensetdownforthetutorials?

M:Thatsaverywellattendedcoursesothereareanumberoftutorialtimes.Monday,WednesdayandFriday,allat9oclock.Yourswillbeallocatedatthefirstlecture.

W:CantIchoosethetime?

M:Maybe,maybenot.Youllhavetotalktothelectureronthecourse.Dr.Robertsishisname.

W:Oh,whencanIfindhim?

M:Well,hewillarrivehereatthreeoclock.Hewillsupervisehismasterstudentsthen.Butyoumayhavetowaitforanotherfortyminutes.Oryoucandealwithsomethingelsefirst.Hewontleaveuntilmaybefiveoclock.

W:Whatapity!Ihavetodomyparttimejob.IsitpossiblethatIleaveamessageandcallonhimlater?

M:Well,ofcourse.Justaminute!Whydontyouwaituntiltomorrow?HewillattendameetingatRoom302thisbuildingfromaquartertonine.

W:Thatsmorereasonable.Thankyouforyoursuggestion.IsitRoom302?

M:Yes.AnythingelseIcanhelpwithwhileyourehere?

W:Well,yes.Doyouknowwhatthecourserequirementsare?Imean,howmuchworkisexpectedforthiscourse?

M:Well,youhavetocompleteatutorialpaper.

W:Whatdoesthatinvolve?

M:Well,itsapieceofworkonagiventopicbasedonsomesetofreadingtexts.Youllhavetogiveasmalltalktoyourtutorialgroup.

W:Howlongdoesthathavetobe?

M:Oh,about25minutesusually.

W:Ihavetotalkfor25minutes?

M:Yes,thatsright.Andthenyouhavetowriteupyourpieceofworkandgiveittothelecturertobemarked.

W:Right.Andisthatall?

M:No.Youalsohavetocompletea3,000-wordessayonatopic.

W:CanIchoosethetopic?

M:Yes,usuallyyoucan.

W:Right.Thatshouldntbetoobad.

M:Andinadditiontothatthereisanexam.

W:Anexam!Whatsortofexam?

M:Well,itsanopenbookexam.

W:DoesthatmeanIcanhavethetextbookwithmeduringtheexam?

M:Yes,thatsright.

W:AndcanyougivemeanyideaaboutthecontentofthefirstyearofEconomicssothatIcangetintosomereading?

M:Well,youllbegettingthereadinglistnextweekwhenlecturesstart.Allthebooksareinthelibrary.

W:Yes,butwonteveryoneelsetakethemoutassoonastheygetthereadinglisttoo?

M:Yes,theymight.ButmostoftheimportantonesareheldinClosedReserve.Thatspartofthelibrarywhereyoucangotoreadbooksbutyoucanttakethemoutofthebuilding.However,wedorecommendthatyoubuythecorebooks.Youllfindthemusefulandyoullneedthemfortheexam.

W:Yes,Iwill.Wellthanksforallyourhelp.

M:Thatsfine.

SectionCNEWSBROADCAST

Inthissection,youwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions6to7arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews.

EuropeanUnionforeignministersareputtingpressureonTurkeytorecognizeCyprusifAnkaraexpectstoeverjointhe25-nationbloc.TurkeyistobeginnegotiationsonOctober3thatcouldeventuallyleadtoEUmembershipforthepredominatelyMuslimnationof70millionpeople.ButAnkarasrefusaltorecognizethegovernmentofCyprus—anEUmember—hascastashadowovertheprocess.

FurthercomplicatingmattersarerecentreferendumsinFranceandtheNetherlands,inwhichvotersrejectedanEUconstitution,partlyoutofconcernaboutTurkeyjoiningtheUnion.

OnesuggestionistoofferTurkeysomethinglessthanfullEUmembership,aproposaltacitlybackedbyAustrianForeignMinisterUrsulaPlassnik.However,TurkeyrejectsanythingbutfullEUmembership.

ForeignMinisterAbdullahGulsaystheideaofaso-calledprivilegedpartnershipwiththeEU,isinhiswords,illegitimateandimmoral.

Question8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.

AteamofthreeAmericanhighschoolstudentshaswontheNationalGeographicWorldChampionshipinBudapest,HungaryThursday.TheteamfromRussiacameinsecondandCanadawasthird.Theyreceivedtheirgoldmedalsafteranerve-wrackinghour,whichincludedburningquestionsonthecapitalofSlovakia,anegg-layingmammal,andquestionableelectionpracticesinZimbabwe.

14-yearoldJesseWeinbergfromCoralGablesinFloridasaidhecouldnotbelievehisteammanagedtowinthechampionship.Likehistwoteammates,Jessewantstostartacareeringeography,perhapsinpolitics.