語填小題匯總-(教師版)

四、語法填空動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞若句中無謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需要填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞；此時(shí)，應(yīng)先考慮時(shí)態(tài)，考生可以根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語或語篇提示確定時(shí)態(tài)，然后考慮語態(tài)，最后需要考慮主謂一致和虛擬語氣問題，來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)?！绢}1】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷1）In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，該句第一個(gè)It作形式主語，其后的空格處“be動(dòng)詞”作主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)需與上下文和從句保持一致，即一般過去時(shí)；而主句主語為“it”，謂語動(dòng)詞be需使用第三人稱單數(shù)。答案：was 【題2】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷2）Aboyonabike(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，該句屬于簡(jiǎn)單句型中的“主謂賓”句型，主語為Aboy，其后的空格處“catch”作句子的謂語動(dòng)詞，謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)需與上下文保持一致，即一般過去時(shí)。答案：caught【題3】（2022·全國卷1）ItwasraininglightlywhenI(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.思路：根據(jù)前面wasraining可知時(shí)間是在過去，而when引導(dǎo)的從句也應(yīng)該是在過去。答案：arrived【題4】（2022·全國卷1）Yangshuo(be)reallybeautiful.思路：Yangshuo這個(gè)地方的美麗應(yīng)該是一直以來就存在的，陳述的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，雖然文章大邊幅是使用發(fā)生在過去的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，然而這里應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示客觀事實(shí)。答案：is【題5】（2022·全國卷2）Thiscycle(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.思路：根據(jù)后面的warmup和cooloff所采用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，可以推斷出前面也應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。答案：goes【題6】（2022·全國卷1）Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I62.(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.思路：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該處因填謂語動(dòng)詞。主語I與動(dòng)詞allow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)前一分句中的謂語動(dòng)詞was克制，此處敘述的是過去的事情，需用一般過去時(shí)，故該處用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，填wasallowed。“beallowedtodosth”意為被允許做某事。答案：wasallowed【題7】（2022·全國卷2）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow63.(be)oftenacceptable.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，動(dòng)名詞短語leavingthelessimportantthingsuntilltomorrow作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且根據(jù)聚義可知此處為客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案：is【題8】（2022·全國卷2）Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.思路：考查謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，but為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)句子，whateveritis是讓步狀語從句，主句是祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)，填動(dòng)詞原形。答案：make【題9】（2022·全國卷3）Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight62.(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.思路：考查謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，該句主句為“chopsticks”，“make”需在句中充當(dāng)謂語，根據(jù)might后需加動(dòng)詞原形，另此處還需考慮動(dòng)詞語態(tài)，因主語和make成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填bemade。答案：bemade【題10】（2022·全國卷3）Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand69.(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.思路：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指的是刀子太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟賓語從句，and連接了兩個(gè)并列的謂語，主語knives是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則，這里用一般過去時(shí)，故填were。答案：were【題11】（2022·全國卷1）Whenfatandsalt64.(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.思路：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。設(shè)空處是由remove充當(dāng)謂語，根據(jù)上下文可知，為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主語fatandsalt與remove存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案填areremoved。答案：areremoved【題12】（2022·全國卷1）Fastfood67.(be)fulloffatandsalt;思路：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處主語是fastfood是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，故填is。答案：is【題13】（2022·全國卷2）Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.思路：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)?！癿usthavedone”是對(duì)過去的事的肯定猜測(cè)，而且“engine”與“use”之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：wereused【題14】（2022·全國卷2）Later,engineers(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）,whichbecameknowntotheTube.思路：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)閑ngineers和manage之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)。答案：managed【題15】（2022·全國卷3）思路：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句的主語是Sarah,和答案：【題16】（2022·全國卷3）Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis70.certainly(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore."思路：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處為直接引語，根據(jù)atthemoment和全文基本都是用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且school是單數(shù)，因此填comes。答案：comes【題17】（2022·全國卷1）Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65.thanwalking,cyclingorswimming.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，該句主句為“thereviewsays...”，“be動(dòng)詞”在從句作謂語，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)需與主句保持一致，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；而從句主語為“it”，謂語動(dòng)詞需使用第三人稱單數(shù)。答案：is【題18】（2022·全國卷2）Since2022,thecountry61.（grow）morecornthanrice.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，“grow”在句中作謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“Since2022”可知設(shè)空處需要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而該句主語為“thecountry”，謂語動(dòng)詞需使用第三人稱單數(shù)。答案：hasgrown【題19】（2022·全國卷2）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2022—whenthegovernment68.(start)asoil-testingprogram69.whogivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2022,fertilizerusedroppedbymilliontons.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，該主句為“when”所引導(dǎo)的定語從句，“start”在從句作謂語，由于時(shí)間是2022年，故使用一般過去時(shí)。答案：started【題20】（2022·全國卷3）Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal(mean)menorealharm.思路：本題考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，本空用一般過去式，故填meant。答案：meant【題21】（2022·全國卷1）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66.belief(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.思路：65題考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，該句主語為“someInuitpeopleinNunavut”，“report”在此作謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Inrecentyears可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填havereported。答案：havereported【題22】（2022·全國卷1）Of69.thenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.思路：考查謂語動(dòng)詞。首先根據(jù)這里為四個(gè)并列句，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又根據(jù)此處six為sixofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用are。答案：are【題23】（2022·全國卷3）Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand65.(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shopandvisit.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，該句主句為“ourhostsshared”，“recommend”在從句作謂語，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)需與主句保持一致，即一般過去在時(shí)。答案：recommended【題24】（2022·全國卷2）Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene(declare)shehadnoplans65.toretire(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，該句從句為“shehad”，“declare動(dòng)詞”在主句中作謂語，即一般過去在時(shí)。答案：declared【題25】（2022·全國卷2）IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI(make)overtheyears.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語：overtheyears該句從句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。答案：havemade【題26】（2022·全國卷3）Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)與主謂一致。固定搭配：invitesbtodosth,根據(jù)形式，此處用被動(dòng)，整篇文章都是陳述過去的事。用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。答案：wereinvited【題27】（2022·全國卷1）TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61.(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.思路：該句主句為“TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)61.(touch)downlastweek”,句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間“l(fā)astweek”可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。答案：touched【題28】（2022·全國卷1）“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit67.(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68.isconstructed(construct).”思路：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)該句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語是“it”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案：means【題29】（2022·全國卷1）“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit67.means(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68.(construct).”思路：“how”引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞“about”后面的賓語，從句還缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，且“moon”和“construct”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，該句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故本空應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：isconstructed【題30】（2022·全國卷2）Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62.(carry)specialsignificance.思路：設(shè)空處是作“why”引導(dǎo)的表語從句里的謂語，從句里的主語是“decorating”，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填第三人稱單數(shù)形式。答案：carries【題31】（2022·全國卷3）Theartistwassurehewould63.(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.思路：本句中主語“he”與謂語動(dòng)詞“choose”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“would”后跟動(dòng)詞原形。答案：bechosen【題32】（2022·全國卷3）When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand66.(point)downtheriver.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，該句主句為“Theysmiledand(point)downtheriver”，“point”在此作謂語，由“and”可知，“smiled”與設(shè)空處并列作謂語。答案：pointed【題33】（2022·全國甲卷）It41.(build)heTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored（修復(fù)）.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空前代詞it指代“城墻”，與所填動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示城墻“被修建”，故應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；結(jié)合句中theTangdynasty可知，修建城墻這件事發(fā)生在過去，故應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，故填入wasbuilt.答案：wasbuilt.【題34】（2022·全國甲卷）思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合下文中was及語境可知，此處在描述過去發(fā)生的事情，故應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，故填入動(dòng)詞hire的過去式hired.答案：hired【題35】(2022·新高考I卷)Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit61.(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，wonder后為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，應(yīng)使用陳述語序，itis＋形容詞＋forsb.todosth.是固定句式，意為“對(duì)某人來說，做某事……”，由句中then可知，此處指的是對(duì)“當(dāng)時(shí)的人們”來說，故應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，故填入was.答案：was非謂語動(dòng)詞若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處又不在句中作并列謂語，所要填的通常為非謂語動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)需進(jìn)一步確定是非謂語動(dòng)詞的哪種形式。動(dòng)名詞【題1】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷2）Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout(be)lateforschool.思路：考查介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞。該句主句為Iwaswaitingatthebusstop，設(shè)空處作介詞about的賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案：being【題2】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷2）Still,theboykept(ride).思路：考查動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞。該句主語theboy，謂語動(dòng)詞kept，設(shè)空處作謂語動(dòng)詞kept的賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案：riding【題3】（2022·全國卷2）Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout64.(use)electricequipment.思路：根據(jù)前面的介詞without以及后面的賓語equipment,這里考查介詞后面加動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞的用法。答案：using【題4】（2022·全國卷1）Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67.(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.思路：考查動(dòng)名詞。該句中謂語動(dòng)詞為include，其后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，構(gòu)成“includedoingsth”,意為“包括做某事”。答案：introducing【題5】（2022·全國卷1）Fastfood67.is(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68.(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。by是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，所以答案填eating。答案：eating【題6】（2022·全國卷2）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.thetop.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主語是This,謂語動(dòng)詞是included,其后是三個(gè)由and連接的動(dòng)名詞短語作并列賓語。因此，填laying。答案：laying【題7】（2022·全國卷1）Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63.(die)earlybyrunning.思路：考查介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞。該句主句為：“Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourrisk”；設(shè)空處作介詞of的賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案：dying【題8】（2022·全國卷3）Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel65challenged(challenge).思路：64題考察非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語，avoiddoingsth且look與主語I為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填動(dòng)名詞looking.答案：looking【題9】（2022·全國卷1）Scientistshaverespondedby67. (note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare68.higher(high)thantheyactuallyare.思路：該句主句為：Scientistshaveresponded”；設(shè)空出作介詞by的賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案：noting【題10】（2022·全國卷2）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be)Britain'soldestfull-time.思路：考查介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞。設(shè)空處作介詞for的賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案：being【題11】（2022·全國甲卷）After44.(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat45.better(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合空前介詞“After（時(shí)間）在。后”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式，故填入spending.答案：spending【題12】（2022·全國乙卷）Minimizetheimpactof67.(visit)theplace.思路：考查動(dòng)名詞。theimpactof…為固定搭配，意為“……的影響”，其中of為介詞，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式visiting.答案：visiting不定式【題1】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷1）Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句為固定句型“Ittakessometimetodosth.”：花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事；設(shè)空處填動(dòng)詞不定式。答案：toreduce【題2】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷2）Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該處有固定用法“refusetodosth.”：拒絕做某事。設(shè)空處填動(dòng)詞不定式，作謂語動(dòng)詞refuse的賓語。答案：tostop【題3】（2022·全國卷2）Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；思路：根據(jù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)形容詞加enough后面加動(dòng)詞的不定式的用法，可以推斷出這里應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的非謂語的不定式。答案：tocool【題4】（2022·全國卷2）Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely69.(bring)yourworkhome.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句句意如果你在辦公室外找到一些你喜歡做的事情，你就不太可能把工作帶回家?！癰elikelytodosth”意為“可能做某事”。答案：tobring【題5】（2022·全國卷3）Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal63.(create)specialdesigns.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。技術(shù)嫻熟的工人會(huì)把各種各樣的硬質(zhì)木材和金屬結(jié)合起來，以創(chuàng)造出特殊風(fēng)格的筷子。這里用不定式表目的，故填tocreate。答案：tocreate【題6】（2022·全國卷1）Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63.(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)固定詞組berequiredtodosth.“被要求作某事”可知，此處答案填toprocess。答案：toprocess【題7】（2022·全國卷3）思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主句是“設(shè)空處填動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作賓語。答案：toprove【題8】（2022·全國卷1）Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62.(see)thebenefit.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句主句為“Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong”；設(shè)空處填動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作目的狀語。答案：tosee【題9】（2022·全國卷2）Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句主句為“Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice”；設(shè)空處填動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作目的狀語。答案：toimprove【題10】（2022·全國卷3）Hewasjustsaying:“I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!”O(jiān)ncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.思路：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。Allow后須加不定式作賓補(bǔ)。又因賓語me與stay為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填tostay.答案：tostay【題11】（2022·全國卷1）Modemmethods63of/fortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.思路：該句主語為“Modemmethods”；考察固定句式：主+系+表（形）+todo。答案：toperform【題12】（2022·全國卷2）Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene(declare)shehadnoplans(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness。思路：考查不定式做后置定語。plantodosh(做某事的計(jì)劃)答案：toretire【題13】（2022·全國卷3）Itwasraining61.sohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get)there.思路：考查it的形式主語的句型。itwouldtaketimetodosth.答案：toget【題14】（2022·全國卷1）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’s-466. (find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitken.思路：該句主句為“ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’s-4”；設(shè)空處填動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作目的狀語。答案：tofind【題15】（2022·全國卷2）Theyareeasy68.(care)forandmakegreatpresents.思路：此處為“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中不定式是主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。答案：tocare【題16】（2022·全國卷3）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67.(find)thewell-knownpainter.思路：“setouttodosth.”意為“出發(fā)去做某事”，不定式作目的狀語。答案：tofind【題17】（2022·全國甲卷）Itispossible43.(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.思路：考查不定式。句意：步行或騎自行車可以走完14公里的路程?！癷tis/was＋adj.＋todosth.”為固定句式，意為“做某事是......的”，故應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞不定式形式towalk.答案：towalk【題18】（2022·全國乙卷）69.Activities(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim70.(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.思路：考查不定式。aimtodosth.為固定搭配，意為“想要做某事；指望做某事”，故應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞不定式形式tohave.答案：tohave現(xiàn)在分詞【題1】（2022·全國卷1）Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.思路：這里考查名詞后面現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語并且表主動(dòng)的用法，而且live是不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞的非謂語無被動(dòng)形式。答案：living【題2】（2022·全國卷3）TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,64.(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.思路：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。人們可能使用大鍋煮食物，用樹枝把鍋移開，use的邏輯主語是people,兩者為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨狀況，故填using。答案：using【題3】（2022·全國卷2）China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70. (feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegle.思路：考查省略句中的非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞offers，“while70. (feed)itscitizens”為時(shí)間狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，所填的詞與其邏輯主語“China”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。答案：feeding【題4】（2022·全國卷2）Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listedemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.思路：考查現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語。答案：saying【題5】（2022·全國卷2）Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,weinvited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,70(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.思路：“wewereinvitedto...”為主句,“l(fā)isten”與主句的主語“we”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。答案：listening【題6】（2022·全國卷2）Theyrepresenttheearth63.(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.思路：句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞“represent”，所填的詞與“theearth”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。答案：coming【題7】（2022·全國卷3）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.思路：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句中的saw是謂語，“thesoftclouds”和“themists”是平行賓語，“rising”應(yīng)與“surrounding”構(gòu)成平行賓語補(bǔ)足語。答案：surrounding【題8】(2022·新高考I卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure62.andoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour63.(ache)legs.思路：考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處作定語，修飾后面的名詞legs，ache意思是“疼”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，“腿疼”要用“l(fā)egsache”，因此用非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作定語修飾legs.答案：aching過去分詞【題1】（2022·全國卷1）Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.思路：根據(jù)后面的names確定這里的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用非謂語形式，又根據(jù)空格后面的介詞by確定非謂語應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)。答案：conducted【題2】（2022·全國卷2）Theadobedwellings(土坯房）61.(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.思路：根據(jù)后面的are來確定這里應(yīng)該用build的非謂語，而括號(hào)后介詞by的出現(xiàn)說明了非謂語應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)。答案：built【題3】（2022·全國卷1）Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64.tomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65.whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66.(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.思路：考查省略句中的非謂語動(dòng)詞。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞was,permit與其邏輯主語“thefirstWesternTVreporter”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞形式。答案：permitted【題4】（2022·全國卷3）Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64looking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel(challenge).思路：本題考察非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語。主語he與challenge為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞形式challenged。答案：challenged【題5】（2022·全國卷2）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65. (decorate)withredenvelopsandmessagesofgoodfortune.思路：句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞“make”及“see”，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。又因句中的“them”與“decorate”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。答案：decorated【題6】（2022·全國乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome61.(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe62.development(develop)ofthelocalareas.思路：考查過去分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在本題中表示游客“被”教育，因此要用過去分詞的形式educated.答案:educated【題7】(2022·新高考I卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis---alwaysleavingus60.(astonish).思路：考查過去分詞。句意：但大自然總是這樣讓我們驚訝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處是賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明前面的賓語us的狀態(tài)，astonish的意思是“使驚訝”，因此要用動(dòng)詞過去分詞的形式，表示人物的情感狀態(tài)，即“感到驚訝”的。答案：astonished詞性轉(zhuǎn)換有時(shí)，所給提示詞雖然是動(dòng)詞，但是設(shè)空出既不是考查謂語動(dòng)詞，也不是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是要求填寫所給詞的派生詞。此時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合設(shè)空出前后的修飾詞來確定所給提示詞應(yīng)派生為哪種詞性。一般考查動(dòng)詞派生為名詞，有時(shí)還需考慮動(dòng)詞派生為形容詞，甚至是副詞。【題1】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷1）Whilethereare(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69.changes(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.patient(patience).思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句中stories前應(yīng)有形容詞來修飾。此處修飾stories，應(yīng)用表示“令人驚訝的”的形容詞amazing。答案：amazing【題2】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷2）Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,42.andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.(disappoint).思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由句中and可知，anxious和設(shè)空處并列作系動(dòng)詞looked的表語，此處修飾someofthem，應(yīng)用表示“感到失望的”的形容詞disappointed。答案：disappointed【題3】（2022·全國卷1）Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61.(attract).思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)上下文語境，對(duì)于像我這樣的游客，熊貓才是最大的吸引力。此處應(yīng)填attract的名詞形式。答案：attraction【題4】（2022·全國卷2）Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof(achieve).思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)。“asenseof”后接名詞作介詞of的賓語，意為“一種……的感覺”。答案：achievement【題5】（2022·全國卷3）SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,67.wholivedfromroughly551to479.,influencedthe68.(develop)ofchopsticks.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。the+名詞+of,意為“……的……”，這里指筷子的發(fā)展，故填development。答案：development【題6】（2022·全國卷1）Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69.(care)nottogotoextremes.思路：考查此類轉(zhuǎn)換。此句是一個(gè)祈使句，以系動(dòng)詞be開頭，系動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞作表語，所以care轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞careful,所以答案填careful。答案：careful【題7】（2022·全國卷2）Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：“只有引進(jìn)電動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和升降機(jī)，這一發(fā)展才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)?！备鶕?jù)設(shè)空處前面的定冠詞the和后面的介詞of可知，此處應(yīng)變?yōu)槊~。因此，填introduction。答案：introduction【題8】（2022·全國卷3）思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞her后必須加名詞，且介詞with后需要名詞做賓語。因此，填答案：【題9】（2022·全國卷2）Thisswitchhasdecreased66.(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句中謂語動(dòng)詞“hasdecreased”后需接名詞作賓語。答案：pollution【題10】（2022·全國卷1）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.havereported(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66._________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.思路：根據(jù)前面冠詞“a”可知考察名詞，故填belief。答案：belief【題11】（2022·全國卷3）Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.思路：考查動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞?！癷nteresting”為形容詞，用來修飾名詞。答案：competition【題12】（2022·全國卷2）ChineseNewYearisa61.(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.思路：根據(jù)句子成分可知，不定冠詞后應(yīng)跟名詞，故設(shè)空處填名詞。答案：celebration【題13】（2022·全國乙卷）Icated(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe62.(develop)ofthelocalareas.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處使用了“the＋名詞＋of”的固定搭配，表示“……的”，故填入名詞development，development意為“發(fā)展”時(shí)不可數(shù)，用在此處表示“當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展”。答案：development

名詞提示詞為名詞時(shí)，通?？疾榭蓴?shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，或名詞派生為形容詞、動(dòng)詞等。單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)【題1】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷1）Whilethereare68.amazing(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.patient(patience).思路：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。前有定冠詞the，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞形式；分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處在句子中充當(dāng)主語，而句子的謂語動(dòng)詞為are，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，故用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。答案：changes【題2】（2022·全國卷1）I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese(painting).思路：根據(jù)前面的somany以及后面的形容詞Chinese能夠確定這里應(yīng)該是考查名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，而many后面要用復(fù)數(shù)。答案：paintings【題3】（2022·全國卷1）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew69.(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,70.theotheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.思路：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。few意為“幾個(gè)；少數(shù)”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：days【題4】（2022·全國卷2）Recent66.(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks67.regularly.思路：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。本句謂語動(dòng)詞是show，說明主語是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：studies【題5】（2022·全國卷1）Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）61.asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62.(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.思路：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)前面的修飾語some可知，這里的sideeffects應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填sideeffects。答案：effects【題6】（2022·全國卷2）Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62.fromworld.思路：考查名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)。提示詞為名詞，根據(jù)常識(shí)和語境可知，“它的長(zhǎng)度不到7公里，讓人們?cè)谏舷掳嗤局锌梢员荛_道路上可怕的人群”，故用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。答案：crowds【題7】（2022·全國卷3）思路：考查名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)。答案：【題8】（2022·全國卷1）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin202266.that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67.(cause).思路：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。提示詞為名詞，前有不定代詞all，故用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。答案：causes【題9】（2022·全國甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand49.daily思路：考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處所填詞與句中名詞gates之間為并列關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞watchtower的復(fù)數(shù)形式watchtowers.答案：watchtowers【題10】（2022·全國乙卷）(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim70.tohave(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.思路：考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填入名詞作主語，由句中謂語動(dòng)詞aim可知，本句主語應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填入activities，意為“活動(dòng)”，注意句首單詞首字母需大寫。答案：Activities【題11】(2022·新高考I卷)56.Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe57.(human)are.思路：考查名詞。句意：一旦你到達(dá)山頂，你所看到的滾滾云海將提醒你我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝疵煨?。設(shè)空處應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞human的復(fù)數(shù)形式humans，表示“我們?nèi)祟悺?。答案：humans詞性轉(zhuǎn)換【題1】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷1）Whilethereare68.amazing(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69.changes(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe(patience).思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處在句子中充當(dāng)表語，故應(yīng)用“patience”的形容詞形式“patient”。答案：patient【題2】（2022·全國卷2）As(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.思路：根據(jù)后面的名詞architects能夠確定應(yīng)該用nature的形容詞，所以能夠確定答案應(yīng)該是nature的形容詞。答案：natural【題3】（2022·全國卷2）TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合空前的themost可知，設(shè)空處表示最高級(jí)的含義，故用“success”的形容詞形式。答案：successful【題4】（2022·全國卷1）Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。所填詞與前面的不定式符號(hào)“to”一起在句中作目的狀語，故應(yīng)用“strength”的動(dòng)詞形式。答案：strengthen【題5】（2022·全國卷1）Runningischeap,easyandit'salways69.(energy).思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。所填詞在句中充當(dāng)表語，故應(yīng)用“energy”的形容詞形式。答案：energetic【題6】（2022·全國卷2）AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67.(globe)fertilizerconsumption.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?！癴ertilizerconsumption”為名詞短語，因此用形容詞修飾該名詞短語，故應(yīng)用“globe”的形容詞形式。答案：global【題7】（2022·全國卷3）MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.思路：本題考察名詞。根據(jù)設(shè)空處作表語，說明主語的身份。根據(jù)提示詞science可知填scientist。答案：scientist【題8】（2022·全國卷2）It's(wonder).思路：考查名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞，作表語。答案：wonderful【題9】（2022·全國卷3）Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere68.hugely(huge)popularwithtourists.思路：考查名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞，作定語。答案：traditional【題10】（2022·全國卷2）The69.(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.思路：設(shè)空處和“l(fā)ong”一起修飾后面的名詞“branches”，故應(yīng)用形容詞。答案：beautiful【題11】（2022·全國甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處所填詞用于修飾空后名詞routines，故應(yīng)填入形容詞，故填入daily，意為“每日的”，dailyroutines意為“日常生活；日常工作”。答案：daily【題12】（2022·全國乙卷）Provide68.(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.思路：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填入形容詞修飾空后名詞aid，故填入financial，意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；財(cái)務(wù)的”。答案：financial形容詞與副詞當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞或副詞時(shí)，需考慮是否是考查比較急、最高級(jí)或形容詞與副詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞時(shí)，還應(yīng)考慮是否需要將其轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞形式。比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)【題1】（2022·新課標(biāo)卷1）Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris(clean)thanever.思路：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后文中的“thanever”可知設(shè)空處在作比較，所以用比較級(jí)形式。答案：cleaner【題2】（2022·全國卷1）Afewhours,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,withitschokingsmog.思路：這里根據(jù)后面的時(shí)態(tài)hadbeen能夠確定事情的發(fā)生應(yīng)該是在幾個(gè)小時(shí)之前，ago不能用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。答案：before或earlier【題3】（2022·全國卷2）Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeas