雙-大三暑假修辭鑒賞

VI.FiguresofContrast對(duì)照修辭格6.1Antithesis對(duì)偶6.1.1DefinitionAntithesisisthesettingofcontrastingphrasesorstatementsoppositeeachotherforemphasis.Intrueantithesistheoppositionbetweenelementsismanifestedthroughparallelgrammaticalstructures.1.Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake:butasforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath.我不知道其他人有何良策，但對(duì)我自己來(lái)說(shuō)，不自由，毋寧死。2.Everythingisgoodwhennew,butfriendswhenold.物莫如新，友莫如舊。6.1.2waystoachieveantithesisSinglewords(1)Knowledgemakes

humble,

ignorancemakes

proud.

知識(shí)使人謙虛，無(wú)知使人驕傲。

(2)Lifeisacomedytohimwhothinksandatragedytohimwhofeels.

對(duì)明哲善思的人來(lái)說(shuō)，人生是喜??；對(duì)多愁善感的人來(lái)說(shuō)，人生是悲劇。(4)Theseedyesow,anotherreaps;Thewealthye

find,anotherkeeps;

Therobesyeweave,anotherwears;Thearmsyeforge,anotherbears.

你們播下了種子，別人來(lái)收割；你們找到了財(cái)富，別人來(lái)占有；你們織布成衣，穿在別人身上；你們鍛造武器，握在別人的手。(PercyByssheShelley:SongtotheMenofEngland).Phrases1.Shefeltasifshehadbeenoutofthefryingpan

intothefire.2.Aftertheevidencewascompleted,Bryanrosetoaddressthejury.Thisissuewassimple,hedeclared.‘TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistsbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.3.Educationmakesapeopleeasytolead,butdifficulttodrive;easytogovern,butimpossibletoenslave.教育使一個(gè)民族易于引導(dǎo)，卻難于駕馭；易于管理，卻不可能駕馭。ClausesTheworldwilllittlenote,norlongremember，whatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.(AbrahamLincoln:TheGettysburgAddress)Sentences(1)Wherethereismarriagewithoutlove,therewillbelovewithoutmarriage.哪里有無(wú)愛情的婚姻，哪里便有無(wú)婚姻的愛情。(2)Anoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity（災(zāi)難）,apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.樂觀的人在災(zāi)難中看到希望，悲觀的人在希望中看到災(zāi)難。（3）Crafty（狡猾的）mencontemn(蔑視）studies;simplemenadmirethem;andwisemenusethem.

狡猾者輕視學(xué)問；無(wú)知者崇拜學(xué)問；聰明者利用學(xué)問。（Bacon:OfStudies)TheWholeparagraph(1)Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness;itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.(CharlesDickens:ATaleofTwoCities)這是最好的時(shí)候，這是最壞的時(shí)候；這是智慧的時(shí)代，這是愚蠢的時(shí)代；這是信仰的時(shí)期，這是懷疑的時(shí)期；這是光明的季節(jié)，這是黑暗的季節(jié)；這是希望之春，這是失望之冬；我們擁有一切，我們一無(wú)所有；我們直登天堂，我們直入地獄。Theyvanishfromaworldwheretheywereofnoconsequence;wheretheyachievednothing;wheretheywereamistakeandafailureandafoolishness;wheretheyhaveleftnosignthattheyhadexisted——aworldwhichwilllamentthemforadayandforgetthemforever.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.Artislong,lifeisshort.人生有限，學(xué)問無(wú)窮。Whenpovertycomesinatthedoor,lovefliesoutatthewindow.貧窮走進(jìn)門來(lái)，愛情飛出窗外。Chinese對(duì)偶人無(wú)千日好，花無(wú)百日紅。Mancannotbealwaysfortunate;flowersdonotlastforever.有意在花花不發(fā)，無(wú)意插柳柳成蔭。Followlove,anditwillflee;fleelove,anditwillfollowyou.雖不曾會(huì)面，然一個(gè)在瀟湘館臨風(fēng)灑淚，一個(gè)在怡紅院對(duì)月長(zhǎng)吁，卻不是“人居兩地，情發(fā)一心”嗎？True,theywerestillapart:oneweepingtothebreezeinMambooLodge,theothersighingtothemooninHappyRedCourt.Butalthoughapart,athearttheywereasone.6.2paradox似是而非的雋語(yǔ)6.2.1DefinitionParadoxisastatementthatappearstobecontradictory,apparentlyabsurdorself-contradictoryandyetmaybetrue.It’spurposeistoprovokefreshthought.6.2.2examples1.Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.(proverb)2.Whatmaybedoneatanytimewillbedoneatnotime.(proverb)3.Warispeace.Freedomisslavery.Ignoranceisstrength.(GeorgeOrwell:NineteenEighty-Four)

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)就是和平。自由就是奴役。無(wú)知就是力量。（Thepurposeofwarispeace;freedomofbodyistheslaveryofthoughts;youdaredoanythingifyouareignorant.)4.Onehastobecrueltobekind.6.3Oxymoron矛盾修飾6.3.1DefinitionAnOxymoronisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoiningoftwocontrasting,contradictoryterms.(1)bitter-sweetmemories(2)proudhumility:thisreferstothequalityofbeinghumble,butnotservile（卑賤的，低下的）(3)Amiserable,MerryChristmas

又悲又喜的圣誕節(jié)Anunderstandingofoxymoroncanhelpustoappreciatemorefullytheimpliedcomplexityofdescriptionsandfeelings.Likeparadox,anOxymoroninitiallysurprisesonewiththecontradictionofterms,whichreallyhidesacertaintruth,orasignificantpoint.6.3.2DifferentWaystoFormOxymoronadjective+n.abittersmile苦笑；crowdedsolitude身處人群之中而感到的孤獨(dú)；Painfulpleasure

悲喜交集Athunderoussilence(此時(shí)）無(wú)聲勝有聲Themotherisundergoingthejoyfulpainandthepainfuljoyofchildbirth.這位母親正經(jīng)受著分娩時(shí)那種歡樂的痛苦和痛苦的歡樂。adjective+adj.Acoldwarmembrace不冷不熱的擁抱Loveiscruel,loveissweet---Cruelsweet,Loverssightillloversmeet,Sighandmeet---Sighandmeet,sighandagain---Cruelsweet!Osweetestpain!愛情殘忍愛情甜---

殘忍而又甜，情人斷腸到相見---

斷腸到相見---斷腸到相見，相見腸又?jǐn)啵埲痰奶鸢?！嘴甜的腸斷！

(ThomasMacDonagh)adverb+adj.Falselytrue

似真還假bitterlyhappy

苦澀的快樂noun+n.Love-haterelationship又愛又恨的關(guān)系Life-deathstruggle生死搏斗Fillinginataxreturncallsforabsolutehonestandcunning.verb+complexobjectThepowerofmoneytomakethestupidwise,theuglybeautiful.6.3Differencebetweenparadoxandoxymoron

6.3.1levelOxymoron:puttingself-contradictoryideasinaphrase.Itisthefigureofspeechonthelevelofphrases

Bitter-sweetmemoriesParadox:puttingself-contradictoryideasinthesentence.Itisthefigureofspeechonthelevelofsentences.

Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.6.3.2relationshipInoxymoron,thetwocontradictorywordsareputtogether.Oneisusedtomodifytheother.Juliet:

sweet,sowouldI:YetIshouldkilltheewithmuchcherishing.Goodnight,goodnight!Partingissuchsweetsorrow.ThatIshallsaygoodnighttillitbemorrow.

好人，我也但愿這樣；可是我怕你會(huì)死在我的過份的愛撫里。晚安，晚安！離別是這樣甜蜜的傷心，我真要向你道晚安直到天明！Inparadox,thereisnosucharelationship.Juliet:Myonlylovesprungfrommyonlyhate!

恨灰中燃起了愛火融融！6.4syllepsis一筆雙敘6.4.1Definitionafigurebywhichawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,applyingtooneliterallyandtotheother(s)figuratively.(1)Whilethesoldierswerefighting,andlosing

limbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.tolose

one'slimbs

isliteral;tolose

one'smind

isfigurative:togomad.(2)shelookedattheobjectwith

suspicion

andamagnifyingglass.with

suspicion:toindicatemannerwithamagnifyingglass:

toindicateinstrument6.4.2DifferentformsofsyllepsisOneverb+two(ormore)objects(1)McHakeadvisedusto

keep

ourpublicimageintact

andourstudentsintheirseats.

to

keep

ourpublicimageintact

isfigurative,andmeanstogivethepublicagoodimpression;tokeep

ourstudentsintheirseats

isliteral.Bothofthesestwocollocationsarecorrect.（2）Theycouldn’tkeepacookandasecret.(3)Thelidtothepianowasclosed,shuttingout

thedust,mymisery,andherdreams.shuttingout

thedust:preventingthedustfromentering擋住灰塵(shuttingout)mymisery:hidemymiseryfromsight掩蓋痛苦(shuttingout)

herdreams:excludeherdreams驅(qū)走夢(mèng)想Onepreposition+two(ormore)objects(1)…oldpeoplegatheringinthesocialhallfor

comradeshipandahotlunch.(…為了友誼和一頓熱氣騰騰的午餐而聚集在社交廳里的老人們）

for

comradeship：abstract(for

)ahotlunch:concrete(2)MissBolorosefromthetableconsiderablyagitated,andwentstraighthome,in

afloodoftearsandasedanchair.(博羅小姐相當(dāng)激動(dòng)地離開餐桌，淚如泉涌的坐著轎子回家了。）in

afloodoftears：toindicatethemanner(In)

asedanchair:toindicatethetransportationmeansOneAdjective+two(ormore)nouns(1)Atthenextcornerheshookoffhiscompanionandran.Hehaltedinthedistrictwherebynightarefoundthelighteststreet,hearts,vowsandlibrettos.Libretto:(歌劇、音樂劇等的）歌詞一拐彎，他擺脫了他的同伴，撒腿就跑。他跑到了一個(gè)市區(qū)才停下來(lái)，那里晚上有最明亮的街道，最愉快的心靈，最輕率的盟誓，最輕松的歌曲。Thefournounscanallbeusedtogetherwithlight,butitmeansdifferentlywitheachofthenouns.Two(ormore)subjects+oneverb(1)Tenminuteslater,thecoffeeandCommanderDanaofNavalIntelligencearrivedsimultaneously.

十分鐘后，咖啡和海軍情報(bào)指揮官戴納同時(shí)到了。ThecoffeearrivedandCommanderarrivedarebothrightcollocations;buttheformerisfigurative(Itwassentbysomeone)whilethelatterisliteral(Hearrivedhimself.).6.5Zeugma軛式搭配法6.5.1Definition

Zeugmaisafigureofspeechbywhichawordisusedtomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsalthoughitsuseisgrammaticallyorlogicallycorrectwithonlyone.

(1)"The

sunshallnotburn

theebyday,northemoonbynight."(TheBible)(burnappliesproperlytothesun,butcannotbeusedwiththemoon,asthemoon'slightisnotstrongenoughtoburnanyone.)(ItisinterestingtonotethatinTheBibleinToday'sEnglishVersionthewordburnhasbeenchangedtohurt,whichcanapplytobothsunandmoon.)(2)Andallthepeoplesawthethunderings,andthelightnings,andthenoiseofthetrumpet,andmountainsmoking.

眾百姓看雷鳴、閃電、號(hào)角聲、山上冒煙。Sawlightnings,smoking:propercollocationSawnoise,thunderings:notproper6.5.2DifferentformsofzeugmaOneverb+two(ormore)nouns(1)Millerresponded,describinghissymptomsandDr.Dietrichlistenedcarefully,notonlytothewords,buttothemood,thetone,thefeelofthepersonalitybeforehim.

米勒回答著，敘述他的癥狀。迪特里希醫(yī)生注意地聽著，不僅聽他的言談話語(yǔ)，而且仔細(xì)觀察他面前這個(gè)人的情緒、聲調(diào)和感覺。Listen