高三英語虛擬語氣經典講解

1.英語動詞有三種語氣，陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.2.

定義：用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設的語氣叫虛擬語氣。一、虛擬語氣定義.二、虛擬語氣的考點

1、一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結構中虛擬語氣用法；5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。.1、一般條件句中的虛擬語氣時間If條件句主句過去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight現在助動詞be用were實義動詞do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight將來did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight.1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwere

you,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.與現在事實相反與過去事實相反.5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.與未來事實相反.IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe____metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCA.2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；

假設條件虛擬倒裝。條件從句中含有

should，were，had三個助動詞并且放在句首時，可以把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?aflood,whatshouldwedo?Shoultherebe.3.名詞性從句的虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order,command

三個建議：advise,suggest,propose五個要求：demand,require,request,desireask

這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。.我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere..2、以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown..4、幾種特殊結構中虛擬語氣的用法；1）wish

+賓語從句現在：過去：未來：過去時(did/were)過去完成時(haddone)would/could/might+V.shouldIwishIwereabird.(現在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(過去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未來).2）wouldratherthat-現在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(現在)Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(過去)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未來)過去時過去時過去完成時.3）asif/though+從句現在：過去：過去時過去完成時Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday..4.It’shightime+that-should+V.過去時你該走了。我們該睡覺了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgoto

bed..5）without和butfor構成虛擬。(butfor要不是)

Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.

Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert..6）Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!.

7）語境中的虛擬語氣（1）介詞短語表條件

Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.Theywouldn’thavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithoutthatcommonground.（2）情境中提供虛擬語氣

Supposetherewerenogravitationalforce,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly..8）It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即(should)+動詞原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard..三、虛擬語氣假設條件句型注意點：1.假設條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設的時間而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital..

經典題目1.

Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.asked…wouldknowhadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…know D.hadasked…wouldknow2.

Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherCD.3.

HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(02上海)

A.has B.had C.willhave D.hadhad4.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.(95N)A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebroken D.hadbeenbrokenBC.陳述語氣與虛擬語氣典型例題

5)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined

6)---Wouldyouhavecalledherup_____possible?---Yes,butI_____busydoingmyhomework.A.haditbeen…was B.ifitwas…wereC.ifithadbeen…h(huán)adbeenD.ifitwere…wouldbeB該句為陳述語氣，因為主句用的是willbeputoff。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現在時代將來時。問句中用的是虛擬語氣，主句用wouldhavecalled,從句中與過去相反的動詞形式為haddone；答句中表示的是真實的情況，所以該用陳述語氣。A.高考題點擊

7)Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove…didn’tget B.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tget

D.

weredriving…wouldn’tget8)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(02上海)A.wouldn’thavefallen B.hadnotfallenC.shouldfall D.weretofall前句用的是陳述語氣，表示過去發(fā)生的事；后句是虛擬語氣，表示與過去相反。BB該句主句中用的是與現在相反的虛擬語氣，而從句中使用的是與過去相反的虛擬語氣。全句意思為“如果我不在七歲時迷上了我們家鄉(xiāng)的MelindaCoxLibrary，我真不能想象我今天會做什么?！?.９-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,I’dratheryou_____.A.don’t B.didn’t C.won’t D.mustn’t10.It’shalfpasteleven.It’shightime_____home.A.we’ll B.we’d C.we’regoing D.wewentBD.11.Jack____yet,otherwisehewouldhavephonedme.(N97)

A.mustn’thavearrived B.shouldn’thavearrivedC.can’thavearrived D.needn’thavearrivedC.4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

A、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

在動詞suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虛擬語氣?？碱}點擊：Theteacherdemandedthatthework_____before4o’clock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.---Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother’sillness?---Hesuggestedthatshe_____anoperationatonce.A.musthave B.had C.have D.hadhadBC.B、主語從句中的虛擬語氣基本句型：Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative…Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考題點擊：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takes B.hastotake C.musttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDB.C、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣

在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。

Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考題點擊：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.try B.tries C.musttry D.cantryA...9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:49:09AM11、以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Jan-2311-Jan-2312、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202313、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202314、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。。11一月20232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/1115、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。一月232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202316、行動出成果，工作出財富。。2023/1/112023/1/1111January202317、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點的射線向前。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/119、沒有失敗，只有暫時停止成功！。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、很多事情努力了未必有結果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:49:09AM11、成功就是日復一日那一點點小小努力的積累。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Jan-2311-Jan-2312、世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202313、不知香積寺，數里入云峰。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202314、意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。