非限定分句作狀語

作狀語的非限定性分句作狀語的非限定分句常出現(xiàn)在英語書面語中，是搭建書面語的重要句法手段。在口語體和中性語體中，較常采用的句型是帶限定動詞的狀語從句?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語

Lookingatbeautifulmagazines,wecanseetallmodelswithcompletelytallflatstomachsandnotanounceoffat.TurningonTV,weareshownunhealthilyskinnyactressthatmustnevereatandtellsusthattheyarepretty.過去分詞作狀語

Criticized,hefeltquitelow.Nevertheless,thatdidnotlastverylong.不定式作狀語

Atonetimeitwasthedreamofmanylittlegirlstobecomeanurse.Today,however,AmericaisfacingitsworstnurseshortagesinceWorldWarI.Currentlyabout200,000nursesareneededtofillthevacanciesand60percentofallhospitalsintheUnitedStateshaveshortagessubstantialenoughtothreatenthequalityofcareprovided.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語l現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的句型是：“現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的分句+主句”。l現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語相同。l現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語是現(xiàn)在分詞的施事，即現(xiàn)在動作的發(fā)出者。邏輯主語與現(xiàn)在分詞形成主謂關系，傳遞主動意思。l現(xiàn)在分詞可改寫成簡單句，可單獨存在，也可與主句形成并列句。l現(xiàn)在分詞還可改寫成從句，形成主句的狀語從句。Thejuicecontainedinthebristles(astiffhair)ofthenettle(蕁麻)causesanintenseitch(發(fā)癢)whenenteringaperson’sskin.Thejuicecontainedinthebristles(astiffhair)ofthenettle(蕁麻)causesanintenseitch(發(fā)癢)whenitentersaperson’sskin.Beingunder-industrialized,thesecountries

arelargelydependentonimportstosupplytheequipmentneededtoproducetherawmaterialstheyexport.Becausetheyareunder-industrialized,thesecountriesarelargelydependentonimportstosupplytheequipmentneededtoproducetherawmaterialstheyexport.Unlikeajudge,whomustactalone,ajurydiscussesacaseandthenreachesitsdecisionasagroup,thusminimizingtheeffectofindividualbias.Unlikeajudge,whomustactalone,ajurydiscussesacaseandthenreachesitsdecisionasagroup,sothatitcanminimizetheeffectofindividualbias.C:知識鞏固：將下列-ing分句改寫成限定句子1.Walkingbystores,hethoughtofbuyinghismotherasmallgift.答案：Whenhewaswalkingbystores,hethoughtofbuyinghismotherasmallgift.2．Nothavingreceivedanyregulartraining,shecouldhardlycopewiththetaskatfirst.答案：Becauseshehadnotreceivedanyregulartraining,shecouldhardlycopewiththetaskatfirst.過去分詞做狀語l-ed分句做狀語的句型是：“-ed分句，+主句”。l-ed分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語相同。l-ed分詞的邏輯主語是-ed分詞的受事，即-ed動作的承受者。邏輯主語與-ed分詞形成主謂關系，傳遞被動意思。l-ed分句可改寫成簡單句，可單獨存在，也可與主句形成并列句。l-ed分句還可改寫成從句，形成主句的狀語從句。Pulledfromtheocean,orgatheredfarmfresh,thisproduce

wouldbetransformedbyalocalchefintoamemorabledishfitforaking.Afterthisproducewaspulledfromtheocean,orgatheredfarmfresh,itwouldbetransformedbyalocalchefintoamemorabledishfitforaking.Deprivedofthefinancialmeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.Sincehewasdeprivedofthefinancialmeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.Notedprimarilyfromheranthropologicalresearch,MissMeadalsowasinvolvedwiththeWorldFederationMentalHealth.Althoughshewasnotedprimarilyfromheranthropologicalresearch,MissMeadalsowasinvolvedwiththeWorldFederationMentalHealth.一、除表示結(jié)果狀語的分詞分句外，其它的分詞分句通常位于句首。因為分詞分句表示的是“時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨”邏輯關系,體現(xiàn)這些邏輯關系的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前LocatedontheTransCanadaHighwayintheSouthernInteriorofBritishColumbiaandjustnorthwestoftheOkanaganValley,KamploopaisapicturesquecitysituatedwheretheNorthandSouthThompsonRiversmeet二、除結(jié)果狀語，其它分詞分句若位于句末，通常要帶連接詞，以避免歧義。Chromiumincreasesthemetal’shardnessifaddedtosteel.Chromiumincreasesthemetal’shardnessifitisaddedtosteel.三、做結(jié)果狀語的分詞分句放在句末。分句分詞的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之后；分詞的邏輯主語不能是主句主語，因為分詞分句是針對整個主句的。Thelakewasstillfrozenandnotpassablebyboat,buttheicehadbeguntomelt,makingthelaketoodangeroustocrossbyfoot.一、若分詞的動作與主句謂語的動作之間有一定的間隔時間，則用分詞的完成式。Havingfailedmanytimes,shedecidedtogiveuptrying.注意：若分詞的動作與主句謂語的動作之間間隔的時間短的話，最好不用分詞的完成式。如：Hearingthissong,shealwaysbecomesveryexcited.二、若分詞動作要持續(xù)一段時間，分詞須用完成式Havinglivedincityforsometime,wearelookingforwardtoaquietlifeinthecountry.分詞的完成式不能用于做后置修飾語Thisistheboyhavingbeencriticizedbyhismother.____inthesouthernandmidwesternUnitedStates,ragtimemusicreacheditsclassicforminthe1890’s.A.tohaveoriginatedB.tooriginateC.OriginatingD.Itoriginates答案：C參考譯文：起源于美國南部和中西部，拉格泰姆音樂在19世紀九十年代形成了其經(jīng)典風格。不定式分句做狀語l做狀語的不定式分句主要表目的、結(jié)果和原因。l位于句首的不定式分句表目的。l在表情感的形容詞之后，不定式分句表原因。不定式分句表目的Turnthevolumedownsoasnottoinfluencethenextdoorneighbor.不定式分句表結(jié)果Hisindifferenceissuchastomakeeveryonedespair.不定式分句表原因I’mdelightedtoknowthatyouhavegotabetterpaidjob.Tostudywell,alotofpracticesareneeded.錯誤原因：l不定式的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致l不定式的邏輯主語：youl主句主語：alotofpractices1.Tostudywell,youneedalotofpractice.2.Foryoutostudywell,alotofpracticesareneeded.Tostudywell,alotofpracticesareneeded.錯誤原因：l不定式的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致l不定式的邏輯主語：youl主句主語：alotofpracticesDuringallofthem,wehadbeendecidedlyuncomfortable,andweoftenkeptourthoughtsfromourachinglegsoremptystomachsbytryingtodevisetheidealexpeditiononwhichweshouldliveinlazyluxury,____findthemostbeautifulandexcitinganimalsintheworld.A.yetB.onlytoC.nottoA.按要求將下列句子譯成英文

1.Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,

newstandardsofelegance.（這就會引起新的完美的的有關優(yōu)雅的標準的出現(xiàn)）（用-ing分句giveriseto）2.Once

（產(chǎn)生出一些粒子）byquantumfluctuationsoftheemptyvacuum，afewparticlesbecameeasierforafewmoretoappearandso，inarapidlyescalatingprocess，theuniversegushedforthfromnothingness.3.Thisphenomenonistoocomplicated,astheauthoritieshaveproved,

_____________________________.（以至于不能用合適的語言去解釋它）4.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,

（這樣就能做出人員人事安排）（personnelandstaffingassignments）。5.被兒子的行為所困擾，他整夜不能入眠。（用-ed分句翻譯）6.Iftherearenofurthermajoreruptions,inanothercenturyanewforestwillhavecoveredmostoftheland,_______________________.(而只留下一些痕跡使人想起地下隱藏的能量)（用-ing分句）7.__________________________,Mr.Johnsonmetwithalotofdifficultiesatfirst.(從來未操作過計算機)8.________________,IwasastonishedatwhatIsaw.(打開燈)9.SomeanalystsmaintainapositiveviewforapossibleClintonpresidency,_______________ifelectedtofavorsmalltechnologyorientedcompaniesandsmallerenterprisesingeneral(期望他).10._______________________________________(被殘疾人在運動會上的表現(xiàn)深深地感動),Janedecidedtowriteastoryabouthowtheystrivetobuildthemselvesintoanexcellentsportsman.11.Inthewakeoftheheateddebateaboutfinancialaidprograminuniversities,someexpertsarecallingforamoreefficientevaluationsystem_________________________________________(用以協(xié)助確定誰是真正需要幫助的學生).B.用括號里所給動詞的非限定形式完成下列句子1.Althoughthepowerofmantochangehisenvironmentisincreasingowingto

bothpopulationgrowthandrapidtechnologicalchange，hisactivitiescannotbeseenas______(be)immune(不受……的傷害)totheinfluenceofhisphysicalenvironment.2.Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thus(subject)allotherlifeformstotheirpeculiarideasandfancies.3.

(shock)bytheexplosionofabomb,thedemonstratorsraninalldirections.4.Theywenttothefilmyesterday,only

(discover)thatitwasquitedisappointing.5.______(know)thathewaspoor,Iofferedtopayhisfare.6.________(notdare)toglanceatthem,Iwentoutofthelibrary,fearingthatthewomanwouldcallmebackforfurtherquestioning.7.Duringtheretreatabrokenmilkbottlecaughtmebehindtheear,______(open)adeepgashwhichheldprofusely.8._______________（lookdown）athissister’sface,hesearchedforsomethinginhereyesbutstilltherewasnothing…nopain,noaccusation,nothing…excepttears.9.__________(inspire)byargumentsthattheirchildrenwouldfeelmoreathomeandlearnmoreinbilingualclasses,manyparents,especiallythemothers,arebusyregisteringatthelanguagetrainingcenterfortheirchildren.10.Now,emigratingwithinEuropeisfairlyeasyifyouareaBritishcitizen,becauseyoudonotrequireavisa__________(live)inanotherEU7country.C.改正下列句子的錯誤1.LaunchingbytheGovernment,thedebateinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC----includingordinarylistenersandviewertosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.2.Forexample，afilmcanslowdowntheformationofcrystalssoashelpstudentsstudytheprocess.3.Havingwarnedthatbadweatherlayahead,theship’scaptainchangedcourse.4.Knowallthis,theydidn’tmakemepayforthedamage.5.Isolatingonthesideofamountain,thehousewasveryquiet.6.Foundnooneathome,heleftthehouseinabadtemper.7.Myfellow-combatantsleftmestandingparalysedinthecenteroftheyardandscurryingfortheirhomes.8.Hewalkedclosertothehouse,tothekitchenwindow,andlookedin,sawhissisterwashingdishes.9.Describingasa“captitalistwithahumanface”,JohnBrownisconservativewithhismoney,butliberalwithhisideas.10.Becomingaqualifiedteacher,oneneedsnotonlyanadequateknowledgeofthefieldheisgoingtolecturebutalsomanyotherfieldsandanexcellentcommunicationskillsothattheknowledgecanbeefficientlytransmittedtothestudents.D.篇章完型填空答題指導：1、括號里已給出動詞原形的，用動詞的適當形式填空；2、未給任何提示的，請用適當?shù)膯卧~填空。一空一詞。Clearlyifweare1(participate)inthesocietyinwhichwelivewemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformed2aperson-to-personbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbuses,buythingsinshops,oreatinrestaurants,wearelikelytohaveconversations3wegiveinformationoropinions,receivenewsorcomment,andverylikelytohaveourviews4(challenge)byothermembersofsociety.

Face-to-facecontactisbynomeanstheonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearstheartofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthe

5(dominate)factorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings,aboveothers,havecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstly,inventivenesshas6(lead)advancesinprinting,telecommunications,photography,radioandtelevision.secondly,speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicationssotha