高三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題講解

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題成分形式主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√

√√√現(xiàn)在分詞

√√√√過(guò)去分詞

√√√√非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題一、不定式：一般式的構(gòu)成:_______；（被動(dòng)）_______完成式的構(gòu)成:_______；（被動(dòng)）_____進(jìn)行式的構(gòu)成:_____________1、ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_________(break)theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.2、Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone__(repair)firstisthelibrary.todo

；tobedone

；tohavedone

；tohavebeendone

；tobedoing；tohavebroken；toberepaired非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題

1.不定式作主語(yǔ)

不定式短語(yǔ)可直接放在句首作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡。

TostudyEnglishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.

Itismyhonorheretobeinvitedtospendsometimewithyou.2.不定式作表語(yǔ)

不定式作表語(yǔ),通常說(shuō)明或解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，也可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

Todaymyjobistowateralltheflowersinthegarden.

Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題3.不定式作賓語(yǔ)常接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：afford，arrange，want,wish,hope,expect,agree,decide,learn,pretend,ask,promise,plan,refuse,help,dare,determine,decline,fail,manage,beg,demand,offer,prepare,claim,struggle,choose,elect,undertake,seek,attempt,volunteeretc.

1、Weagreed____(meet)here,butsofarhehasn’tturnedupyet.

2、Whenhisfathercameback,theboypretended_(do)hishomework.

3、ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_(hear).tomeet

;tobedoing;tobeheard.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題4．不定式作賓補(bǔ)

(1)如下動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))常跟帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)：get,remind,want,wish,ask,tell,order,command,instruct,request,beg,permit,allow,help,advise,persuade,prepare,invite,cause,force,callon,waitfor,counton,relyon,dependon,wouldlike等。Wecan’tcountonamanlikeJim______(give)usthenecessaryhelp.

但hope,suggest,agree,demand,arrange,approve等動(dòng)詞后不能接sbtodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)(2)一些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞：feel,hear,listento,make,let,have,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat等與不帶to的不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.-Hewasseen____theroad.togivetocross非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題5.不定式作定語(yǔ)（1）不定式用在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等短語(yǔ)后面。Johnwasthelastman______________(invite)todinnerinourfamily.（2）不定式作定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的中心名詞之間常表現(xiàn)為主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Thenexttrain____________(arrive)wasfromNewYork.（主謂關(guān)系）

Itwasagame__________________(remember).（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，Thechild__________________________________(沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)憂的).

tobeinvite

toarrive

toberemembered

hasnothingtoworryabout非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題

如果不定式修飾time,place,way，可以省略介詞：Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).Hehasnoplace_________________

(住).Thisisthebestway_____________________(解這道題).

tolive

(in);

tosolvetheproblem

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)1）表目的：不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，inorderto既可放句首也可放句中。soasto一般不放句首。

注意不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致：

(T/F)：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.

(T/F)：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.

WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetaken

somemoneyoutofthebanktobuypresentsformy

dad._____________not____losehisjob,Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.

F;T;Inorder

to

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題2)表原因：

Wewereastonished___(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.

這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious,lucky,fortunate,proud,angry,surprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthytofind非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題3)表結(jié)果：具體形式是：too+adj./adv.+todo

太……而不能……adj./adv.+enough+todo足以……only/justtodo表示出乎意料的結(jié)果so……asto……如此……以致于……Hearrivedlate_____________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)火車走了).Doyouthinkyouarebraveenoughtotrybungeejumping?It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.

onlytofindthetraingone

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題4)用于“主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。形容詞有：easy,difficult,hard,comfortable,fit,convenient,pleasant等，不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。Thearmchairisverycomfortable___(坐).tositin

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題7.不定式的省略。

下列短語(yǔ)中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to。（wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto,beglad/happyto）但to后be,have不省。Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.Heisnotateachernow,butheusedtobe.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題（二）動(dòng)名詞：

動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。

1、動(dòng)名詞的形式（doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone）(1)一般式：Seeingis______(眼見為實(shí)).(2)被動(dòng)式：Hecametotheparty_____(未被邀請(qǐng)).(3)完成式：Weremembered____(看過(guò)這部電影).(4)完成被動(dòng)式：Heforgot___________________(take)toGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.believing

;

withoutbeinginvited

;havingseenthefilm

;havingbeentaken非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題(5)否定式：__notdoing/nothavingdone__Iregret_____________我后悔沒(méi)聽他的勸告.(6)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：所有格/賓格+動(dòng)名詞(作主語(yǔ)只能用所有格)Hesuggested_________(我們?cè)僭?itonceagain._______________(他不懂英語(yǔ))troubledhimalot.nothavingfollowedhisadvice;our/ustrying;HisnotunderstandingEnglish非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題2、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：（1）作主語(yǔ)：_________________(朗讀)isveryhelpful.

當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。It's___________________（爭(zhēng)吵是沒(méi)用的）.（2）作表語(yǔ)：Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobis

_______________________(產(chǎn)卵).（3）作賓語(yǔ)：Theyhaven'tfinished__________(建好大壩).Wehaveto____________(阻止空氣被污染)Readingaloud

;

nousequarrelling;laying

eggs

; buildingadam

preventtheairfrombeingpolluted;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題如下動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：mind,enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay/postpone,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit/acknowledge,deny(否認(rèn)),permit,forbid,practise,risk,escape,appreciate,mention,understand,dislike,fancy,tolerate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp/resist,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,setabout,beengagedin,keep/stop/prevent…from…,spend/waste…(in),succeedin,beused/accustomedto,lookforwardto,objectto/beopposedto,payattentionto,keepon,devote/dedicate…to,belimited/restrictedto,becommittedto…

1|.Hedidn’tfeellike__(read),soshesuggested_____(practicewrite)anEnglishletterrightaway.2.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed__(catch).reading;practicingwriting;beingcaught;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別：forgettodo…忘記要做某事 forgetdoing…忘記做了某事remembertodo…記住要做某事 rememberdoing…記得做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事 meandoing…意味著做了某事regrettodo…對(duì)要做的事表示后悔regretdoing…對(duì)做過(guò)去的事后悔can’thelptodo…不能幫助做某事 can’thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題stoptodo…停下來(lái)去做（另一件事） stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接著做（另外一件事） goondoing…繼續(xù)做某事usedtodo…過(guò)去做某事 beusedtodoing…習(xí)慣做某事beafraidtodo...不敢做某事beafraidofdoing...害怕做某事trytodo…盡力去做某事 trydoing試著做某事非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題（4）作定語(yǔ)：(說(shuō)明被修飾名詞的用途)Hecan'twalkwithout________________(拐杖).Isthere_______________inyourschool(游泳池)?awalkingstick

;aswimmingpool非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題3、常用句型：1)There’snotellingwhatwillhappen.

=It’simpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.

=Noonecantellwhatwillhappen.2)It’snousetalkingwithhim.

It’snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.3)There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…

在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下單詞替換:trouble,problems,fun,agoodtime,ahardtime4)Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題4、動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況：need/want/require/deservedoing

=~tobedone例如：Thisroom_____________________（這個(gè)房間需要粉刷）needspainting/~tobepainted非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題三、現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，

又具有形容詞和副詞的功能。1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：（doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone）否定式：not+現(xiàn)在分詞（1）doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生havingdone表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語(yǔ)。例如：Theywenttothepark,____________________(邊唱邊說(shuō)).

________________________________(做完作業(yè)),heplayedbasket-ball.

singingandtalking;Havingfinishedhishomework非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題（2）beingdone表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，havingbeendone表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。

Theproblem________(discuss)nowisveryimportant.___________,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告訴了好幾遍，這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。being~ed;Havingbeentoldseveraltimes非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題2、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：（1）作定語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)放在名詞后。Inthe_______years(=Intheyears_____)(后來(lái)的幾年中)heworkedevenharder.Theman________(=______________)isourmonitor'sfather.正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長(zhǎng)的父親。following

;thatfollowed

;talkingtoourteacher;whoistalkingtoourteacher非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題注意：動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別。動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示名詞的用途；

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作如：asleepingcar=acar__________(動(dòng)名詞)arunninghorse=ahorse______(現(xiàn)在分詞)forsleeping;whichisrunning

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)（令人……的）：Thepresentsituationisinspiring.

當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)鼓舞人心。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(________)Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.(__________)Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.(_______)現(xiàn)在分詞;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);動(dòng)名詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題（3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如：Canyouhearher________(在隔壁唱歌)?

Hekeptthecar________(在門口等著).singingnextdoor

;waitingatthegate非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題（4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：①作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(While)_____________(在工廠工作時(shí)),hewasanadvancedworker.②作原因狀語(yǔ)：__(由于是共青團(tuán)員),heisalwayshelpingothers.③作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨：Hestayedathome,_____________(又擦又洗).④作條件狀語(yǔ)：(If)_________(要是整天玩),youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Workinginthefactory

;BeingaLeaguemember;cleaningandwashing

;Playingalldaylong非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題⑤作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：Hedroppedtheglass,__________(結(jié)果摔得粉碎).⑥作目的狀語(yǔ)：He_________theotherday.

幾天前他去游泳了。⑦作讓步狀語(yǔ)：_______________________(雖然雨下得很大),itclearedupverysoon.breakingintopieces;wentswimming;Thoughrainingheavily

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題⑧與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：___(如果時(shí)間允許),we'lldoanothertwoexercises._(所有的票已賣光了),theywentawaydisappointedly.

有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式____________,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。⑨作獨(dú)立成分：____________(從外表看),hemustbeanactor.____________(一般說(shuō)來(lái)),girlsaremorecareful.Timepermitting

;Alltheticketssoldout;(With)thelightsburning

;Judgingfrom/byhisappearance

;

Generallyspeaking非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題四、過(guò)去分詞：1、過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題2、過(guò)去分詞的句法功能：1)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)：

Ourclasswenton____________________(有組織的旅行)lastMonday.Those__________________________(當(dāng)選為委員的人)willattendthemeeting.注意:當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，就放在名詞的后面。過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。

anorganizedtrip

electedascommitteemembers非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題2)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)：

Thewindowis____________(破了).Theywere_____________________________.

他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意：1、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：Thenewsisinteresting.(_

客觀/性質(zhì)__)Heisinterestedinthenews.(_主觀/特征_2、表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別：TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.（強(qiáng)調(diào)_動(dòng)作）

Theblackboardisbroken.You’dbetterhaveit

repaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)____狀態(tài)__）

broken

frightenedatthesadsight非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題3、常作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞：amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,done4、有些過(guò)去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。如：

boiledwater

開水 fallenleaves

落葉newlyarrivedgoods

新到的貨

therisensun

升起了的太陽(yáng)thechangedworld

變了的世界這類過(guò)去分詞有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):(get/havesth.done;makeoneselfdone)Iheardthesong__________________(被唱了好幾次)lastweek.有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞做with短語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：_______________(工作做完了),theywentouttoplay.4)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：________________________(受到鄰居們的表?yè)P(yáng)),hebecametheprideofhisparents.___________(一旦被看見),itcanneverbeforgotten._________________________(如果給予更多的時(shí)間),I'llbeabletodoitbetter._____________________________(雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)),hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.

sungseveraltimes；

Withtheirworkfinished/done

Praisedbyhisneighbours

Onceseen

Givenmoretime

Thoughtold/informedofdanger非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題注意事項(xiàng)：1、分詞與不定式做狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式常表示目的和結(jié)果。Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.

（時(shí)間）BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.

（原因）Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（條件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.

（伴隨）Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.

(目的)Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.（結(jié)果）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題2、分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別arunninghorse_____=ahorsethatisrunningafallenleaf________=aleafthathasalreadyfallenawalkingstick_________=astickforwalkingsomethingtodo=somethingthatistobedone3、tobedone/done/beingdone做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：Ihaveaproblem_____________(discuss)atthemeeting.Thebuilding________(build)nowontheriveristheScienceMuseum.Thebuilding_