選修7unit1livingwell之grammar復(fù)習(xí)不定式的用法

RevisetheInfinitiveGrammarUnit1LivingWell2.Ihavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.3.Iusedtoclimbtreesandswimandplayfootball.4.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.1.Thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter.（賓語）（賓語）（賓語）（賓語）Martysays…5.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseaname,soitisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.6.Sometimes,Iamtooweaktogotoschool.7.Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelops

computersoftwarewhenIgrowup.8.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.（主語）（狀語）（表語）（賓語）Martysays…9.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.10.IfIhadachancetosayonething

tohealthychildren,itwouldbethis:…11.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.介詞（狀語）(定語)（狀語）Martysays…動詞不定式的作用

FunctionsofInfinitive

1主語(subject)

2表語(predicative)

3賓語(object)

4賓補(bǔ)(objectcomplement)

5定語(attribute)

6狀語(adverbial)

7獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(absoluteconstruction)

結(jié)構(gòu)二.

時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

主動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)

一般式

進(jìn)行式

完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoingtodo;(否定)nottodo(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時(shí)/幾乎同時(shí)/發(fā)生在它之后.)(進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))(1).不定式作主語時(shí),往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.Toseeistobelieve.

It’simpossibleforhumanstoflylikeabirdnow.Myjobto_________________________.Yourtaskto_______________________.isis(2).不定式作表語protecttheworld.Helikesto____________________.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)to_________________ifhewantstowin.(3)不定式作賓語playbasketball句型：think……+it+adj.+todo6123結(jié)構(gòu)常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：五希望同意瞄準(zhǔn)莫拒絕設(shè)法學(xué)會去承諾不要假裝在選擇沒敢提出來幫助一準(zhǔn)備二決定faildareofferhelppreparedecidedeterminedemandaskrequest三個(gè)要求hopewishwantexpectdesireagreeaimrefusemanagelearnpromisepretendchoose有些動詞如remember,forget,try,regret,

stop,goon,mean,等后既可接動詞不定式又可接動名詞，但意義不同。remembertodo

記得要做某事rememberdoing

記得做過某事forgettodo

忘記要做某事forgetdoing

忘記做過某事regrettodo

遺憾要做某事regretdoing

后悔做過某事stoptodo 停止一件事去做另一件事stopdoing 停止做同一件事goontodo 繼續(xù)做另一件事goondoing 繼續(xù)做同一件事meantodo 打算做某事meandoing 意味著做某事

trytodo 盡力做某事

trydoing 嘗試做某事4.不定式作賓補(bǔ)Mymumasksmetoplaythepiano

twohourseveryday.結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞+sb.+todosth.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,advise,order等+sbtodosth

listento

hear

watch五看

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽一感覺:

feel+sbdosth（不帶to）但當(dāng)以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：

MothermadeJohnwash

thecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarfor

aweek.不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to。1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3.Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.

也就是我們常說的：前有do后無to,前無do后有to.5不定式作定語1.Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.1.如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.2.當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast,theonly等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)eg:

Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)不定式作狀語inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。Hespokeloudlysoastobeheard.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.(7).不定式作獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthHedidn’tknow

whattosay.(8).與疑問詞等連用不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Howtosolvetheproblem

isveryimportant.

Myquestioniswhentostart.(主語)(表語)(賓語)不定式的完成式

tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.

不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作或狀態(tài)之前Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.Weplannedtohavedonegooddeedsforthepoorpeoplelastmonth.

表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃

hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…不定式的完成式

tohavedoneIwouldliketohavegivenherthegift.Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.

不定式的完成式在wouldlike后邊表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。不定式的完成式

tohavedone1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.Sleep