虛擬語氣(1)教學(xué)提綱

虛擬語氣(1)定義:

虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。虛擬語氣的主要內(nèi)容:一、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣(if引導(dǎo))二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣六、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣一.If條件句虛擬情況從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反did（be動詞必須were）haddonedidshould+V原wereto+V原would/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+V原would/should/could/might+V原IfIhadtimenow,weshouldreaditagain.Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

與過去事實(shí)相反

Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.Iftheyhadknownheraddress,theywouldhavewrittentoher.要結(jié)合主從句謂語動詞和時間狀語或者該動作發(fā)生的時間例如:與將來事實(shí)相反

IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Iwouldgotoseemyfriendsthere.Ifsheshouldcome,Ishouldaskherforhelp.Ifyouweretofailtocatchthetrain,youmighttakethebus.1.IfIhadenoughmoney,IwouldgoonatriptoShanghai.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyEnglishveryhard.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反判斷下列句子表示與什么時候事實(shí)相反。5.Ifweshouldhavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.6.Ifwehadthreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.與將來事實(shí)相反(should不能省略)考題點(diǎn)擊（一）：Iamnotfreetoday.IfI___freetoday,I__andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he__mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented3.Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thesportsmeeting_______.A.wouldputoffB.willputoffC.wouldbeputoffD.willbeputoff4.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_______inturn,you_______sotired.A.drove;didn’tget B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot考題點(diǎn)擊（二）：IfI____(be)you,Iwouldgetupearlyinthemorning.Ifyou____(ask)him,hemighttellyou.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______(come),shewouldhavemetmybrother.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he____thepianolastweek.askedwerehadcome

(shouldask/weretoask)

wouldhavebought5.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_______（have）time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.6.IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear,I_______________(buy)acar.hadwouldhavebought注意：1.省略if的虛擬條件句Ifhehadcaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeen

lateforthemeeting.→Hadhecaughtthemorningtrain,…如果if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中（從句）有were,had或should，可以省略if，把這些詞放在主語前，形成倒裝句。(1)IfIshould

meether,Iwould

tellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.(萬一)(2)IfIwereinyourposition,Iwould

doitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.2.錯綜時間條件句1)IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,hewouldbeabletospeakitmuchbetternow.2)Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.（主句無明顯的時間標(biāo)志詞）當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時間來調(diào)整。1.Ifyouhadmethimyesterday,you_________(know)whattodonow.2.Ifhe_________________(prepare)wellforhislessonsyesterday,hewouldn’t

havesomanydifficultiesnow.3.Ifyouhadfinishedwritingthebooklastmonth,it___________(be)publishednextmonth.4.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyou_______________myadvice.練習(xí)：wouldknowhadpreparedhadtakenwouldbe3.含蓄條件句1)Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhavenowheretostaynow.2)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingwaywouldn’thavewrittenhisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.3)Butfortheirhelp,wecouldn’tgetoverthedifficulties.有時只有主句，不出現(xiàn)虛擬條件句，而是用without,with,butfor等介詞(短語)，或者用but,or,otherwise等詞，或者用不定式或分詞短語等來表示虛擬條件。without,otherwise/or,butfor1.Withoutelectricity,humanlife___________(be)quitedifferenttoday.Iftherewerenoelectricity,2.ButfortheParty,he_____________(die)ofhunger30yearsago.

Iftherehadn’tbeentheParty,he…….wouldhavediedwouldbe3.Iwasbusyyesterday,

otherwise

I_________________(attend)yourbirthdayparty.IfIhadn’tbeenbusy,I……wouldhaveattended練習(xí)：haddonedid(were)對過去虛擬對現(xiàn)在虛擬could+havedone4.ifonly從句ifonly若是...那該多好啊would/could/might+動詞原形對將來虛擬IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes.Ifonlyshecouldhavelivedalittlelonger.Ifonlyshehadlivedalittlelonger.3.Ifonlyhehadarrivedintime.onlyif表示“只有”

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.一堅持，兩命令，個建議，個要求。1.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。二.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用Wesuggested

thatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners____________(kill)thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)send

themtoworkthere.bekilled注意:suggest表暗示表明時insist表堅持認(rèn)為時不用虛擬語氣Theteacherinsistedthatthelittleboywasnotaliar.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.2.wish后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

wish+(that)+did(were)

IwishIwereashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhadaplane.2)與過去事實(shí)相反:

wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)與將來事實(shí)相反

:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgiveme.三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣1.Itis+過去分詞+that…+(should)+動詞原形+…過去分詞：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advisedItisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.

It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itis+形容詞+that…+(should)+動詞原形+…形容詞:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange，surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.Howstrangethatyoushouldnothaveheardit!Itisquitenaturalthatsheshouldsucceed.3.Itis+名詞（apity/ashame/nowonder）

that…+(should)+動詞原形+…Itseemssuchapitythatyoushouldhavetospendthedayatthehotel.Itisaburningshamethatlittlechildrenshouldhavetobeginthestreet.Itisnowonderthatsheshouldnotwritetoyou.四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考題點(diǎn)擊：Hissuggestionthatyou_____(try)oncemoresoundsreasonable.2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____(help)eachother.3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople________(send)theretohelpme.tryhelpbesentasif/asthoughhaddonedid(were)Would/could/might+動詞原形對過去虛擬對現(xiàn)在虛擬對將來虛擬五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shetakescareoftheorphanasifhewereherownchild.Itissocoolasifitwereautumn.Itlooksasifitmightrain.1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryou

paidmenow.

Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone六.虛擬語氣特殊句型2.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.should不能省略注意:此句型與下面的句型的區(qū)別:ItistimeforsomebodytodosthItisthefirsttimethat從句現(xiàn)在完成時Itwasthefirsttimethat從句過去完成時PracticeMatchthebeginningofeachsentencewiththeappropriateending.P132P133Fillintheblanksusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.

hadpaid

wouldnothavemissed

wouldlend

had

won

wouldspenddidn’twritewouldspend

werewouldtakeiteasy

hadbeen

wouldhavefelt1.IfMr.Dewey_______(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.(2014湖南)2.____________(catch)themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2014天津)3.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_____________(come)toourhelp.(2014浙江)hadbeenHadhecaughtwouldhavecome實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考5.IfI__________(see)itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn’thavebelievedit. (2015·北京)6.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway__________________(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.(2015重慶)hadn’tseenwouldn’thavewritten4.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________(do)it?(2014重慶)haddone8.Ifit____________(be)forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016江蘇)hadnotbeen

9.Someclassmatessuggestwe_______(go)toplacesofinterestnearby.(2016全國二卷)shouldgo7.Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble____________(Iknow)theschedule.(2015江蘇)hadIknown10.Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeaths___________________(fall)sincetheirhighestin2005.(2016浙江)wouldnothavefallen11.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he__________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.(2016天津)wouldhavebeenTranslation.如果昨天不看這個電視連續(xù)劇，我現(xiàn)在就不會打瞌睡！IfIhadn’twatchedtheTVplayseriallastnight,Iwouldn’tfeelsleepynow.2.要是我在學(xué)習(xí)上更努力的話，就能通過這次考試了。HadIstudiedharder,Icould