新視野大學(xué)英語課件lighenyourloadandsave

Book2Unit7LightenYourLoadandSaveYourLifeAreYouaWorkaholic?

BackgroundInformationWatchandDiscussStructureAnalysisDetailedStudyoftheText

ExercisesLightenYourLoadandSaveYourLifeDr.RobertS.Eliot.

Dr.RobertS.Eliot,theauthorofthebook:FromStresstoStrength:HowtoLightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife.Youcanreadashortdiscussiononhisbookatthewebsitegiven:

TheUniversityofNebraskaTheuniversity(1869)hasfourcampuses.ItsmaincampusislocatedinLincoln,wherecollegesofartsandsciences,agriculture,education,architecture,engineering,andtechnology,businessadministration,homeeconomics,journalism,andlawarehoused.ItsOmahacampushascoursesleadingtobachelor’sandmaster’sdegrees.TheUniversityofNebraska’smedicalcenterhascollegesofmedicine,nursing,dentistry,andpharmacy.QuotesfromBenFranklin

Eattolive,andnotlivetoeat.Earlytobedandearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.Toerrishuman,torepentdivine;topersistdevilish.Anounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure.Beslowinchoosingafriend,slowerinchanging.Dr.CherylFraser:WorkStressManagementWhatdoyouusuallydowhenyouconfrontwithstressinyourlife?2.WhataretheDoctor’ssuggestionsondealingwiththeworkstress?視頻播放Mainideaofthetext?

Centeringaroundhowtolightenyourloadandsaveyourlife,thepassageanalyzestherootofstressandprovidesthewaysofreducingstressaccordingtothestudyofDr.RobertS.EliotofNebraskaUniversity.PartI(para.1-7)PartII(para.8-11)PartIII(para.12-20)TherelationbetweenstressandhealthdiscoveredbyDr.RobertS.Eliot.Therootofstress.Thewaysoflighteningtheload.…feelangryandoverwhelmed,…(Para.1)

overwhelmvt.1)(offeelings)make(sb)completelyhelpless,usu.suddenly使傷心，興奮e.g.Shewasoverwhelmedwithgriefatthenewsofherson’sdeathinaccident.聽到兒子在事故中喪生的消息,她悲痛欲絕。Thewholenationwasoverwhelmed

withtheexcitementbecauseofitsvictoryinbiddingforhostingthe2008OlympicGames.e.g.由于申辦2008年奧運會成功,整個國家都沉浸在興奮激動之中。e.g.Thepolicemanoverwhelmedtherobberbyholdinghisarm.e.g.Theywereoverwhelmedbytheenemy.vt.2)defeat征服，戰(zhàn)勝他們被敵敵軍擊垮垮了。警察抓住住搶劫者者的胳膊膊制服了他。e.g.Helostpositionthroughsituationsbeyondhiscontrol.他因無法法控制局局勢而丟丟了烏紗紗帽。e.g.Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashed.小汽車失失去控制制，撞毀毀了。2.…spinningoutofcontrol,…(Para.1)outofcontrolnotinone’sauthorityorpower失去控制擴展beyondcontrol無法控制e.g.Ittookthefirefightershourstobringthefireundercontrol.消防隊員員用了幾幾個小時時的時間間才終于于控制住住了火勢。。undercontrol控制住3.SosaysDr.RobertS.Eliot,…(Para.3)

It‘saninvertedsentence.Thenormalorderis:Dr.RobertS.Eliot…saysso.Thesubjectofthesentenceisverylongand,whatismore,thesubjectbearsthenewinformationofthewholesentence.Tokeepthesentenceinbalance,andtoachievetheend-weightandend-focus,theword“so”isputattheverybeginningandtheverbcomesbeforethesubject.e.g.Sowasinventedthemostimportantdeviceinthe18thcentury.e.g.Sogoestherumor.謠言如斯斯。就這樣，，18世紀(jì)最最重要的的設(shè)備誕誕生了。。4.Perfectionistscannotdelegate.(Para.9)Shedelegatedhisresponsibilitiestohersecretary.她委托秘秘書代司司其責(zé)。ManynationssenddelegatestotheUnitedNations.許多國家家向聯(lián)合合國派駐駐代表。。delegate1)v.give(partofone’srights,etc.)tosb.elseforacertaintime委托e.g.e.g.2)n.sb.whohasbeenelectedorchosentospeak,vote,ortakedecisionsforagroup代表團

5.Theygetangrythattheyhavetocarryitall,andtheyblowtheirtops.(Para.9)(slang)explodewithanger,loseone’stemper大發(fā)雷霆e.g.blowone’stopMybosswillblowhistopwhenheseeswhathappenedtothemachine.我看到車車這個樣樣子肯定定會大發(fā)發(fā)脾氣。。e.g.Whenhetoldherhowmuchitcost,sheblewhertop.當(dāng)他告訴訴她東西西的價格格時，她她大發(fā)脾脾氣。Hestirredmilkintothecoffee.他把咖啡啡中的牛牛奶攪勻勻。1)vi.move(sth.)inaroundmotionthroughaliquidormixture,moveslightly攪拌6.…stirinyourownjuice…(Para.10)stire.g.e.g.YouaresorudenoteventostirfromyourseatwhenIcalledyou.我叫你時時，你竟竟坐著動動也沒動動，太無無禮了。。2)vt.makeactive;excite激發(fā)e.g.Thelegendstirredthegirl’simagination.那個傳說說激起了了女孩子子的想像像力。

3)n.stirring,greatexcitement攪拌e.g.Givethebrothastir.把肉湯攪攪一攪。e.g.Hisspeechhascausedastirintheuniversity.他的演講在大大學(xué)引起了轟轟動。7.…withnosafetyoutlet…(Para.10)outletn.ameansofexpression,exitorescape發(fā)泄e.g.Professionalwomenneedanoutletfortheirstress.職業(yè)女性需要要有釋放壓力力的渠道。e.g.Thistaskprovidesanexcellentoutletforhisartisticimpulse.這項任務(wù)為他他的藝術(shù)沖動動提供了一個個絕妙的展示示機會。Iwouldn’trecommendreadingwhilewalking;itmayaffectyoureyes.我不贊成走路路時看書，這這會損傷眼睛睛。8.Eliotrecommendstakingchargeofyourlife.(Para.13)v.1)suggest,advise建議recommende.g.e.g.Thedoctorrecommendedachangeofclimateforhishealth.醫(yī)生建議他換換換氣候環(huán)境境以便恢復(fù)健健康。e.g.Wouldyoupleaserecommendmeforthejob?麻煩您推薦我我做這項工作作好嗎？v.2)praisesth.orsb.assuitableforapurposeorforapost推薦,推介e.g.Canyourecommendmeagoodtravelagency?你能給我介紹紹一家好一點點的旅行社嗎嗎？9.…beingstimulatedintellectually…(Para.15)stimulatevt.makesb./sth.moreactive激發(fā)，激勵

Shewasstimulatedintonewefforts.她受到了鼓勵勵，正在作出出新的努力。。e.g.Financialrewardwillstimulateapersonintofurtherefforts.金錢獎勵會激激勵人不斷努努力。e.g.Antagonismrundeepandtempersareoftenshort.敵意很深，往往往一碰就就會發(fā)脾氣。。10.…andremainingeven-tempered……(Para.15)tempern.stateofthemind

脾氣

e.g.擴展

even-tempered性情平和的

mild-tempered溫和的

hot-/quick-/short-tempered脾氣急躁的

sweet-tempered

性情溫柔的

moody-tempered喜怒無常的

good-tempered好脾氣的

bad-/ill-tempered壞脾氣的

11.…andsetyourpriorities.(Para.16)priorityn.1)[C]sth.thatneedsattention,service,etc.beforeothers優(yōu)先考慮的事Whatareyourprioritiesinthiswholematter?在這件事中中你優(yōu)先考考慮的是什什么？e.g.n.2)[U]thestateorrightofcomingbeforeothersinpositionortime優(yōu)先權(quán)e.g.Wehaveaprioritybookingsystemformembersoftheclub.我們們的的訂訂票票制制度度是是優(yōu)優(yōu)先先照照顧顧俱俱樂樂部部成成員員。Herviewpointdiffersfromyourscompletely.她的的觀觀點點和和你你的的完完全全不不一一樣樣。12.FromEliot’’sviewpoint,……(Para.19)viewpointn.aparticularwayofthinkingaboutaproblemorsubject觀點e.g.e.g.You’’resupposedtosolvetheproblemfromapracticalviewpoint.你們應(yīng)該該以務(wù)實實的態(tài)度度來解決決這一問問題。13.…othertroublesomepartsofyourlife……(Para.19)troublesomea.causingtroubleoranxiety,causingpain麻煩的

quarrelsome好爭吵的,動輒爭吵的

burdensome繁重的,成為負(fù)擔(dān)的

tiresome令人厭煩的,煩人的

lonesome孤單的,孤寂的

e.g.Johnisatroublesomestudentinmyclass.約翰是是我班班的一一個調(diào)調(diào)皮學(xué)學(xué)生。。擴展e.g.Tomorrowwillbethedeadlineforhandinginthehomework.明天是是交家家庭作作業(yè)的的最后后期限限。Ourdeadlinewasonlyfourdaysaway.離最后期限限只有四天天了。14.…withthingsliketrafficjams,deadlinesand……(Para.20)deadlinen.adateortimebywhichsth.hastobedoneorcompleted最后期限e.g.e.g.Uptofivemillionpoliticalrefugeeshavefledtoothercountries.多達(dá)500萬名政治治難民已逃逃往他國。。ThenewsisjustreachingusthatthePresidenthasfledthecountry.我們才得到到消息說總總統(tǒng)已逃到到國外。15.Youcan’’tflee.(Para.20)fleev.leavesomewhereveryquicklyinordertoescapefromdanger逃跑e.g.《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.II,p.182《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.Ⅲ,p.182《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.Ⅳ,p.183《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.Ⅶ,p.184《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.Ⅷ,p.185《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.Ⅸ,p.185《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.Ⅴ,p.183《讀寫教程程Ⅱ》:Ex.Ⅵ,p.184Ⅱ.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.AccordingtoDr.RobertS.Eliot,whatshouldyoudoifyoudon’twanttobreakyourheart?Youshouldlearntotakechargeofyourlivesandrecognizetherearemanythingsbeyondyourcontrol.2.Forthosewhoarecalled““hotreactors”,whatmaybetheresultofbeingtense?Beingtensemaycausetremendousandrapidincreasesintheirbloodpressure.3.AccordingtoEliot,whatdidresearchersfindthroughyearsofwork?Theyfindthatexcessalarmorstresschemicalscanliterallyburstheartmusclefibers,creatingmanyshortcircuitsandcausingcrazyheartrhythms.4.Whatmainfactors,accordingtoEliot,causeharmfullevelsofstress?Fear,uncertaintyanddoubt,togetherwiththelackofcontrol.5.Whatkindsofpeopledoestheauthormentiontoillustrate“therootoftheirstressisanger””?Onekindisprofessionalwomen,theotherkindispeoplewhohaveno““compassinlife”.6.WhatnewfactorsdoesEliotrecommendinordertocalmyourselvesdown?TheNICEfactors——new,interesting,challengingexperiences.7.WhatdoestheexampleofBenFranklinshow?Theexampleshowsthatyoucan’tfulfillallyourgreatambitions,soyouhavetosetyourpriorities.8.FromEliot’sviewpoint,howdowefacealltheproblemsanddifficultiesinourdailylives?Wecan’’tcomplainorescape.Wehavetolearnhowtodealwiththem.III.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththehelpofthefirstletter(s).Filleachblankwithonewordonly.1.Thedoctorre_________thatheshouldstayafewmoredaysinthehospital.2.Sheat_______herbrokenmarriagetoherhusband’’sshorttemper.3.Youmustthinkandactin___________ofothers;donotrelyontheiropinionsorjudgments.4.Eachclubde_______mendstributeddependentlylegated5.Theygotintoanar______aboutwhethertostayathomeortogototheseasidefortheholiday.6.Hef___awayatthefirstsightofdanger.7.Thisisanimportantmatter,sowemustgiveitp_______overallotherbusiness.8.Beingshortofmoneyisabittr__________butwe’lldowhatwecan.gumentledriorityoublesomeIV.Replacetheunderlinedwordsorexpressionsinthefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromthetextthatbestkeeptheoriginalmeaning.1.Thebosswouldexplodewithangerwhenhefindsthecompanyisinamess,totallyoutofcontrolandorder.2.Moreover,wewereveryinterestedtohearwhathadhappenedtoourhouse.blowhistopAmongotherthings3.Whoistotakecontrolofthecompany’sbusinesswhenthebossisaway?findanoutletfor5.Hetalkstohisbestfriendstoletgoofhisanger.putemphasison4.Sheplacedspecialimportanceonbeginningworkimmediately.takechargeof6.Aheavyrainmaybebadintheopinionoftourists.cutdownon8.Shereducedthenumberofcigarettesthatshesmokesfrom30to10aday.substitutedoliveoilforbutter7.Toreducemylevelofcholesterol,Ireplacedbutterwitholiveoilincooking.fromtheviewpointofV.Thesuffix––fulisaddedtonounstoformadjectiveswithmeaningoffullof…,giving……orhaving…Forexample,use→usefuldelight→→delightfulhope→→hopefulhelp→→helpfulThesuffix––lessisaddedtonounstoformadjectiveswithmeaningofwithout…ornotgiving…Forexample,child→childlessdoubt→→doubtlesscare→→carelessspeech→→speechlessNowcompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninbrackets,usingeitherthesuffix––fulorthesuffix-lessdependingonthecontext.1.(end)I’’mfedupwithyour______complaining.endless2.(thought)Youoftenlook______thesedays;isthereanythingwrong?thoughtful(harm)Smokingis_____tohealth,butIdon’’tunderstandwhytherearestillsomanypeoplewhosmoke.harmful(rest)Afterlisteningtothespeakerforthreehourstheaudiencebecame_____.restless5.(beauty)Drivingaroundthefootofthemountain,thetouristssuddenlycameinsightofavery____lake.beautiful(success)Wereyou_____inpersuadinghimtochangehismind?successful(fear)Hegavethemhishonestopinion,_____oftheresults.fearless(joy)Didyougototheirweddingcelebration?Ihearthattherewasalotoffunanditwasareally_____time.joyfulVI.Thesuffix-ize(or:-ise)isaddedtoadjectivesornounstoformtheverbs,withthemeaningofcausing……ormaking...Forexample,modern+-ize(or:-ise)→modernize(or:modernise)organ+-ize(or:-ise)→organize(or:organise)Add-ize(or:-ise)tothefollowingadjectivestoformverbs.Changetheformwherenecessary.Thencompletethefollowingsentenceswiththenewlyformedverbs.realglobalAmericanpopularnationaleconomyindustrialhospital1.TheBritishgovernment______therailwaysasearlyas1948.Sincethentherailwayshavebeenownedandmanagedbythegovernment.nationalizedHebrokealegwhenplayingfootballandwas____foramonth.hospitalizedThereistobeameetingoftradeministersfromthemajor_____countries.industrializedThelocalresidentshaveto______onwaterduringthedryseason.economizeThroughyearsofeffortstheyoungman_____hisaimofbecomingastorywriter.realizedThecarcompanyismakinguseofthemassmediato______itsnewmodelprogrammedtobemadeavailabletothepublicearlynextyear.popularizeTheworldeconomyisbecomingmoreandmore____,sowemustmakenewpoliciestomeetcompetitionfromothercountries.globalizedListayedintheStatesforabout10yearsbuthecouldn’’tgethimself____asheneveradaptedhimselftoAmericanfood.AmericanizedVIIStudythemodelandrewritethefollowingsentences,applyingtheprincipleofend-weight.Model:Dr.RobertS.Eliot,authorofanewbooktitledFromStresstoStrength:HowtoLightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife,saysso.SosaysDr.RobertS.Eliot,authorofanewbooktitledFromStresstoStrength:HowtoLightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife.1.Sotheecho-soundingdevice,nowingeneraluseinships,wasborn.Sowasborntheecho-soundingdevice,nowingeneraluseinships.2.Aperiodofrevolutionarychangefromonetotheotherliesbetweentheoldandtheneweconomicprogram.Betweentheoldandtheneweconomicprogramliesaperiodofrevolutionarychangefromonetotheother.3.Twoplates,onemadeofclearglassandtheotherofgroundglass,areattheendofakaleidoscope.Attheendofakaleidoscopearetwoplates,onemadeofclearglassandtheotherofgroundglass.4.Thearrows,stonesandhandbombsthatwereshotbythesoldierswhohidthemselvesinthetreeswentoff.Offwentthearrows,stonesandhandbombsthatwereshotbythesoldierswhohidthemselvesinthetrees.5.Suddenlythestudentsaskedanembarrassingquestion,andthenacompleteanddeathlikesilencefollowed.Suddenlythestudentaskedanembarrassingquestion,andthenfollowedacompleteanddeathlikesilence.VIII.Combinethefollowingsentencesusingtheconjunctionthemore…themore.Model:Peoplegethot,physiologically,withmentalstress.Theyarelikelytoblowapartwithsomeheartproblem.Thehotterpeopleget,physiologically,withmentalstress,themorelikelytheyaretoblowapartwithsomeheartproblem.1.Ioftenpractice.Iplaywell.ThemoreoftenIpractice,thebetterIplay.2.Wegotuphighintheair.Itbecamecold.Thehigherwegotupintheair,thecolderitbecame.3.Thesteelcontainsmuchcarbon(碳)andthecoolingisquick.Thesteelbecomeshard.Themorecarbonthesteelcontainsandthequickerthecoolingis,theharderthesteelbecomes.4.Thegirlslikedthemovingstory.Itmadethemcry.Themorethegirlslikedthemovingstory,themoreitmadethemcry.5.Heeatsmuch.Hebecomesfat.Themoreheeats,thefatterhebecomes.1.醫(yī)生建議議說,有有壓力力的人要要學(xué)會做做一些新新鮮有趣趣、富有有挑戰(zhàn)性性的事情情,來來發(fā)泄負(fù)負(fù)面情緒緒。Thedoctorrecommendsthatthosestressedpeopleshouldtrysomenew,interestingandchallengingthingsinordertogivetheirnegativefeelingsanoutlet.Ⅸ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.give…anoutletrecommend2.那那個學(xué)生生的成績績差，老老師給他他布置了了更多的的作業(yè)，，而不是是減少作作業(yè)量。。Theteachergivesmorehomeworktothestudentswhohasbadgrades,insteadofallowinghimtocutthatdown.3.盡盡管管我已已經(jīng)把把許多多任務(wù)務(wù)分派派給其其他人人去做做，我我依然然擔(dān)心心這項項計劃劃無法法趕在在4月月1日日截止止期前前完成成。AlthoughI’’vedelegatedmanytaskstootherpeople,I’mstillafraidthatIwon’tbeabletofinishtheplanbeforetheApril1deadline.cutdowndeadlinehavebadgrades4.從從醫(yī)醫(yī)生的的角度度看，，脾氣氣越急急躁的的人越越易于于失控控。因因此他他們往往往容容易患患心臟臟病。。Fromadoctor’sviewpoint,thehotter-temperedpeopleget,themorelikelytheyaretolosecontrol.Consequently,theytendtosufferfromheartdiseases.fromadoctor’viewpoint5.教師師首先要考考慮的事情情之一是喚喚起學(xué)生的的興趣，激激發(fā)他們的的創(chuàng)造性。。exciteprioritiesAteacher’sprioritiesincludeexcitingstudents’’interestsandstimulatingtheircreativity.AreYouaWorkaholic?ReadingSkillsDetailedStudyoftheTextExercisesFindingOutWordMeaningsAswelearnedinUnit2,wecanoftenfigureoutthemeaningofanunfamiliarwordfromcluesprovidedbycontext.Thecontextcluesthatmightbehelpfulforustorecognizethemeaningofanewwordincludethefollowing.1.Somesentencesgivethedefinitionforadifficultwordwiththehelpofpunctuationsuchascommas,dashesorparentheses.2.Contextsometimesgivesexamplestoillustrateadifficultwordratherthandefineit.Wecanusetheexamplestofigureoutthemeaningofanunfamiliarword.3.Synonyms(同義義詞)arewordsorphrasesthataresimilarinmeaning.Asynonymisonetypeofcontextcluethathelpsyoutodeterminethemeaningsofunfamiliarwords.4.Antonyms(反義詞)arewordsorphrasesthathaveoppositemeaningstootherwordsorphrases.Antonymcluescanhelpyouunderstandnewwords.5.Sentencesbeforeorafterasentencethathasadifficultwordsometimesexplainthemeaningoftheword.6.Sometimeswecanuseourownexperiences,orourknowledgeaboutacertaintopic,tofindoutthemeaningofanunfamiliarword.7.Wordpartclues.Wecanoftenfigureoutanunfamiliarwordbecauseweknowtheprefixorsuffixattachedtotherootword,orthetwowordsthatmakeupacompoundword.e.g.ThetruthwasquiteotherthanwhatIthought.事實真相和我我所想的完全全不一樣。e.g.Youcan’tgetthereotherthanbyflying.除了坐飛機，，沒有其他辦辦法可以去那那兒了。1.…h(huán)avingalifeotherthanwork.(Para.2)1)insteadof,exceptfor除除了otherthan

2)not;anythingbut絕不2.…one-dimensionallives.(Para.2)a.ofaparticularfactor三三維的dimensionale.g.three-dimensionalfilms三維動畫,立立體動畫e.g.Theimageonthepaperseemstohaveathirddimension.紙上的圖像看看起來有立體體感。dimensionn.1)[C,U]measures測測量e.g.Whatarethedimensionsofthedesk?這個桌子的長長寬高各是多多少？n.2)aparticularsideoraspect方面e.g.Everyone’scharacterhasseveraldifferentdimensions.每個人的性格格都是多方面面的。擴展e.g.Suchamistakewouldperhapsleadtoterribleconsequences.這樣的錯誤也也許會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)災(zāi)難性的后果果。3.…negativeconsequence.(Para.3)n.1)[C]result結(jié)果consequencen.2)[U]importance重重要e.g.Itisoflittleconsequencetoamanofsuchgreatconsequence.對這樣的顯要要人物而言，，這件事無關(guān)緊要。e.g.Hepayslipservicetofeminism,buthiswifestilldoesallthehousework.他口口聲聲支支持女權(quán)主義義,但他家的的全部家務(wù)仍仍是他妻子的的事。4.Despitelipservicetothecontrary……(Para.3)supportinwords,notinfact口口頭支持lipservicee.g.Iknowshe’’sunhappy,despiteallherargumentstothecontrary.盡管她竭力說說她很快樂，，可我知道她她并不幸福。。tothecontraryshowingtheoppositeistrue相反辨析onthecontrary:expressingstrongoppositiontowhathasjustbeensaide.g.Itisn’tahugemistake;onthecontrary,it’sagoodthing.這不是個極大大的錯誤，恰恰恰相反，這這是件好事。。e.g.Ibelieveyoulikeyourjob.Onthecontrary,Ihateit!我相信你喜歡歡你的工作。?？晌仪∏∠嘞喾?我討厭它。5....

loyalemployees…(Para.3)a.truetoone’sfriends,group,country,etc.忠誠e.g.Agoodfriendisalwaysloyal.好朋友永遠(yuǎn)是是忠誠的。loyale.g.Shehasremainedloyaltohimthroughouthismisfortune.在他遭受不幸幸期間,她自自始至終對他他保持忠誠。。Goodcarisnotnecessarilyexpensive.好車未必價錢錢貴。6.…goodfeelingswemaynotnecessarilybeabletoattain…(Para.4)possiblybutnotcertainly不一定notnecessarily“Hewaslying,ofcourse.”“Notnecessarily.”“他肯定在說說謊。”““未必?！眅.g.e.g.e.g.Becauseofthedepressedeconomy,almostonethirdofouremployeesweredischarged.因為經(jīng)濟不景景氣，幾乎三三分之一員工工被解雇了。e.g.Thepoisonwasdischargedintotheriverandkilledallthefish.毒物排放到河河里,把魚都都毒死了。7.…thatneedsdischarging.(Para.6)vt.1)sendoutgas,liquid,smoke,etc.排放vt.2)giveofficialsanctionforsb.toleave解雇dischargevi.giveorsendout排放e.g.Theoilwhichdischargedintotheseaseriouslyharmedalotofbirdsandanimals.泄入大海的石石油嚴(yán)重危害害了大量鳥獸獸。n.[U,C]sth.thatisdischarged排放物物e.g.Thousandsoffishwerekilledbydischargefromanearbyfactory.附近一家工廠廠的排放物造造成了成千上上萬的魚死亡。e.g.Heflatlydeniedthecharge.他斷然否認(rèn)該該項指控。8.Theydenytheexcessivetime…(Para.8)v.declareuntrue;refusetoadmit否認(rèn)認(rèn)denye.g.Hedeniedknowinganythingaboutthematter.他說他對此事事一無所知。。Noticethatif““deny””isfolloweddirectlybyanotherverb,thesecondverbhastobeinthe-ingform.假如你想繞著著老城觀光，，那么導(dǎo)游是是一定不可少的。9.…theirworkasindispensableandtheirworkinglonghoursascommitment…(Para.8)completelynecessary;withoutwhichorwhomnothingcanbedone不可可缺少的e.g.Booksareindispensablethingsinourwayoflife.indispensablee.g.Ifyou’replanningongoingsightseeingaroundtheoldcity,aguideisindispensable.書籍在我們的的生活方式中中是必不可少少的.10.…theircommitment,ambitionanddurableenergy.(Para.8)n.1)[C,U]thedesiretobesuccessful抱抱負(fù)e.g.Ofallmyambitions,thegreatestistobeateacher.在我所有的的愿望中，，最大的抱抱負(fù)是當(dāng)一一名教師。。ambitionn.2)[C]agoal,objective志向向e.g.Iamnotespeciallybright,butIhavetremendousambition.我不是特別別聰明，但但倒是很有有雄心壯志志。e.g.Shewaschargedwithusingdishonestmeanstoachievevictoryintheelection.有人指控她她采用不正正當(dāng)手段來來取得競選選的勝利。。11.…relativelyinsignificantmeanstoahealthyend.(Para.10)n.amethod,system,object,etc.thatyouuseasawayofachievingaresult方法，手手段，工具具meansNoticethatboththesingularandpluralformsofthenoun“means”havethesamespelling.XV.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothereadingtext.Workaholicsareorganizedpeoplewhogetalotofworkdoneand,therefore,theyleadafulllife.2.Mostcompanyemployerssupporttheideathatabalancedemployeeisaproductiveemployee.FF3.Workaholism,frompsychologycounselors’viewpoints,canhavebothadvantagesand