電子商務(wù)與貿(mào)易實務(wù)

ECANDBUSINESSOPERATION電子商務(wù)與貿(mào)易實務(wù)請用5分鐘書面回答以下問題，答完后請在課后交過來：企業(yè)名稱，規(guī)模，行業(yè)，產(chǎn)品姓名，職位，學(xué)歷，就業(yè)時間你家里有沒有計算機(jī)，能不能上網(wǎng)，對你的計算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力進(jìn)行評價。你所在單位計算機(jī)有多少臺，有無網(wǎng)絡(luò)，能不能上網(wǎng)，有沒有網(wǎng)站，有沒有信箱，利用率如何。你，以及單位，在與其他機(jī)構(gòu)，如政府部門之間的文件交換是什么形式？政府部門有沒有要求這你或單位提供電子文檔？單位有沒有計算機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)？如ERP，如有，利用水平如何。單位有沒有集成制造系統(tǒng)，如有，利用率如何？WHATISEC什么是電子商務(wù)DefinitionsandContentofFieldElectronicCommerce(EC)iswherebusinesstransactionstakeplaceviatelecommunicationsnetworks,especiallytheInternet.Electroniccommercedescribesthebuyingandsellingofproducts,services,andinformationviacomputernetworksincludingtheInternet.TheinfrastructureforECisanetworkedcomputingenvironmentinbusiness,home,andgovernment.E-BusinessdescribesthebroadestdefinitionofEC.Itincludescustomerserviceandintrabusinesstasks.ItisfrequentlyusedinterchangeablywithEC.PureVs.PartialElectronicCommerceThreedimensionstheproduct(service)sold[physical/digital];theprocess[physical/digital]thedeliveryagent(orintermediary)[physical/digital]TraditionalcommercealldimensionsarephysicalPureECalldimensionsaredigitalPartialECallotherpossibilitiesincludeamixofdigitalandphysicaldimensionsPhysicalagentDigitalagentDigitalProductPhysicalProductPhysicalprocessDigitalprocessVirtualprocessVirtualdeliveryagentVirtualproductElectroniccommerceareasThecoreofelectroniccommerceTheDimensionsofElectronicCommerceTraditionalcommerceAmarketisanetworkofinteractionsandrelationshipswhereinformation,products,services,andpaymentsareexchanged.Themarkethandlesallthenecessarytransactions.Anelectronicmarketisaplacewhereshoppersandsellersmeetelectronically.Inelectronicmarkets,sellersandbuyersnegotiate,submitbids,agreeonanorder,andfinishtheexecutionon-oroff-line.ElectronicMarketsAninterorganizationalinformationsystem(IOS)involvesinformationflowamongtwoormoreorganizations.Itsmajorobjectiveisefficientroutinetransactionprocessing,suchastransmittingorders,bills,andpaymentsusingEDIorextranets.Scope:AnIOSisaunifiedsystemencompassingtwoorseveralbusinesspartners.AtypicalIOSincludesacompanyanditssuppliersandand/orcustomers.InterorganizationInformationSystemsBusiness-to-businessBusiness-to-customerIntrabusinesstransactionsOthersClassificationofElectronicCommerceClassificationofECbytheNatureoftheTransactionsAPPLICATIONOFECINDIFFERENTFIELD電子商務(wù)在不同領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用RetailingElectronicMarketingDirectmarketingCustomizationOnlinecustomerserviceElectronicshoppingmalls:Intermediaries(e.g.InternetMall)Stores(e.g.Amazon,J.C.PenneyOnline)ElectronicintermediariesGlobalmarketingCustomerscanorderfromcyberstores24hoursaday,7daysaweekfromanyplaceintheworld11Shopper/PurchaserSeller/SupplierElectronicMarket(TransactionHander)Electroniccommercenetwork(Infrastructure)Product/serviceinformationrequestPurchaserequestPaymentorpaymentadvicePurchasefulfillmentrequestPurchasechangerequestResponsetofulfillmentrequestShippingnoticePaymentapprovalElectronictransferoffundsElectronictransferoffundsShopper/Purchaser’sBankPaymentremittancenoticeElectronictransferoffundsTransactionHandler’sBank(AutomatedClearingHouse)Seller/Supplier’sBankElectronicMarkets?PrenticeHall,2000ResponsetoinformationrequestPurchaseacknowledgmentShippingnoticePurchase/servicedelivery(ifonline)PaymentacknowledgmentActiveElectronicIntermediariesPureelectronicmallCompany’sretailingbusinessexistsonlyontheInternetElectronicdistributorstakefullresponsibilityoffulfillingordersandcollectingpaymentsElectronicbrokersassistthesearchprocessoffindingtheappropriateproductsandtheirvendorsPartialelectronicmallElectronicmallasoneofexistingdistributionchannelsAidingComparisonShoppingSearchhypertextfilesbyagentsSearchinaweb-baseddatabasebothbyhumanandsoftwareagentswithinane-mallComparableitemretrievalandtabularcomparisonComparisonsovermultiplemallsComparisonsasamultiplecriteriadecisionmakingInternetConsumersandMarketResearchTheImportanceofCustomersCompetition“fighting”oncustomerstosucceed:controlthe3CsCustomerscustomersbecomesaKing/Queentosucceed:findingandretainingcustomersChangeECisanewdistributionchanneltosucceed:convincecustomerstogoonlineandthentochooseyourcompanyovertheonlinecompetitorsThemajorpressuresarelabeledthe3CsOne-to-OneMarketingRelationshipmarketing“Overtattemptofexchangepartnerstobuildalongtermassociation,characterizedbypurposefulcooperationandmutualdependenceonthedevelopmentofsocial,aswellasstructural,bonds”“Treatdifferentcustomersdifferently”Abletochangethemanneritsproductsareconfiguredoritsserviceisdelivered,basedontheindividualneedsofindividualcustomersConsumerDemographics(1998)VariablesInfluencingDecisionMakingProcessAge(mostly21-30year-old)Maritalstatus(41%married&39%single)Educationallevel(81%withatleastsomecollegeeducation&50%obtainedatleastbaccalaureatedegree)Ethnicity(87%whiteinAmerica)Occupation(26%educational-relatedfield,22%computers&22%otherprofessionals)?PrenticeHall,20008AnsweringcustomerinquiresProvidingtechnicalandotherinformationLettingcustomerstrackaccountsororderstatusAllowingcustomerstocustomizeandorderonline?PrenticeHall,200021TypesofCustomerServiceFunctionsToolsofCustomerServicePersonalizedWebPagesusedtorecordpurchasesandpreferencedirectcustomizedinformationtocustomersefficientlyChatRoomdiscussissueswithcompanyexperts;withothercustomersE-mailusedtodisseminateinformation,sendproductinformationandconductcorrespondenceregardinganytopic,butmostlyinquiriesfromcustomersFAQsnotcustomized,nopersonalizedfeelingandcontributiontorelationshipmarketingUsingonlinetechnologytoconductsurveysMoreefficient,faster,andcheaperdatacollection,andamoregeographicallydiverseaudiencethanthosefoundinoff-linesurveysAbilitytoincorporateradiobuttons,data-entryfieldsandcheckboxesinthesurveysEliminatingthedatareentryerrors(fromquestionnairestothecomputer,foranalysis)Notsuitableforeverycustomerorproduct—itisskewedtowardhighlyeducatedmaleswithhighdisposalincomeOnlineMarketResearchOnlineMarketResearchMethodPoststrategicqueriestonewsgroupsPostsurveysonyourWebsiteOfferrewardsforparticipationPoststrategicqueriesonyourWebsitePostrelevantcontenttogroupswithapointertoyourWebsitesurveyPostadetailedsurveyinspeciale-mailquestionnairesCreateachatroomandtrytobuildacommunityofconsumersAdvertisementinElectronicCommerceWhyInternetAdvertisement?Three-quartersofPCusersgaveupsometelevisiontimeInternetusersarewelleducatedwithhigh-income,whichmakesthemadesiredtargetforadvertisersAdscanbeupdatedanytimewithaminimalcost;thereforetheyaretimelyandveryaccurateAdvertisingMethodsBannersBannerSwappingBannerExchangesPaidAdvertisingandAdAgenciesSplashScreenURL(UniversalResourceLocators)E-mailChatRoomsBBSECinServiceIndustriesTravelandTourismServicesBytheyear2000,closeto25percentofallbusiness-tocustomerInternetcommercewillberelatedtotourismTheInternetisanidealplacetoplan,explore,andarrangealmostanytripIBM’svisionofseamlesselectronictravelusingsmartcardsTheEmploymentPlacementMarketEmployersarelookingforemployeeswithspecificskills,andindividualsarelookingforajobVeryvolatilemarketMovedtotheInternetMillionsofjobseekers,hundredofthousandsofjobsRealEstate:FromVirtualRealtorstoVirtualRealityYoucanviewmanypropertiesonthescreenYoucansortandorganizepropertiesYoucanfinddetailedinformationaboutthepropertiesYoucansearch,compareandapplyforloansTradingStocksOnlineCostsbetween$7and$20pertransaction(Vs.$30-$100intraditionalbrokerage)NowaitingonbusytelephonelinesNooralcommunication,lesschanceforerrorsPlaceordersfromanywhere,anytime,dayornightNobiasedbrokertopushyouConsiderableamountoffreeinformationImplementationIssuesinBankingandOnlineTradingCyberbankingandPersonalFinanceEncryptedSSLSession&DigitalCertificateVerificationInitiatedExternalFirewallBofAWebServerInternalFirewallBofAApplicationServerBankofAmericaSecuritySystemLogonScreenUserIDUserPasswordBofAWebSiteCustomer’sComputerSecuringFinancialTransactionsApplicationCase:SecurityatNationsBankBillingOnlineConsumerBillConsolidatorBillersPhoneCredit

CardUtilitySuchpaymentscanbemadeintoanybankaccount.Manypeoplepaytheirmonthlyrentandotherbillsdirectlyintothepayee’’sbankaccounts.ElectronicCreditCardSystem

ontheInternetThePlayersCardholderMerchant(seller)Issuer(yourbank)Acquirer(merchant’sfinancialinstitution,acquiresthesalesslips)Brand(VISA,MasterCard)ElectronicFundTransfer(EFT)

ontheInternetAnArchitectureofElectronicFundTransferontheInternetInternetPayerCyberBankBankCyberBankPayeeAutomatedClearinghouseVANBankVANPaymentGatewayPaymentGatewayOTHERE-PAYMENTSmartCardsElectronicCashandMicropaymentsElectronicCheckSystemsAuctions:FromTheorytoPracticeEarlyauctioningdoneonlocalareanetworkstheauctioningofpigsinTaiwanandSingaporetheauctioningofflowersinHollandtheauctioningofcarsinJapanAuctionsontheInternetstartedin1995similartoofflineauctions,exceptforthefactthattheyaredoneonacomputersomelastdays,othersashorttimedetailedinformationisavailablestartbiddingbysendinge-mailorfillingoutanelectronicformnamesofbiddersarekeptcodedtomaintainprivacyBenefitsandLimitationsBenefitsForsellerSellsgoodsefficientlySellsgoodswithlittleactionoreffortCreatesagreaterrangeofpotentialbuyersSellsexcessinventoriesquicklyviathisprocessForbuyersGetsahugevarietyofgoodsFindsqualitygoodsforlargelydiscountedpricesLimitationsInabilitytophysicallyseetheitemsPossibilityoffraudLesscompetitiveatmospheremayprevailontheNetOnlinePublishingTheelectronicdeliveryofnewspapers,magazines,news,andotherinformationthroughtheInternetOnlinePublishingTodayandTomorrowToday—mainlyusedfordisseminatinginformationandforconductingsalestransactionsinteractivelyTomorrow——includemorecustomizedmaterialthatthereaderwillreceivefree,orwillpayforVirtualTeachingandUniversitiesKnowledgeDisseminationManyuniversitiesareofferinglimitedcoursesanddegreesbutuseinnovativeteachingmethodsandmultimediasupportMBAprograminHongKonglecturesaredeliveredasaninteractiveTV(iTV)studentscandecidewhatandwhentheywantto‘a(chǎn)ttend’thelecturelecture,supportmaterial,exercisesetc.areprovidedontheWebERPANDBUSINESSMANAGEMENT企業(yè)資源計劃劃與工商管理理Business-to-BusinessElectronicCommerceMajorConceptsOrderfulfillment:DeliverrightorderontimeFrontofficeoperations:Ordertaking,advertisement,CRMBackofficeoperations:Accounting,finance,inventor,packaging,logisticsLogistics:Managingtheflowofgoods,informationandmoneyalongthesupplychainSupplyChainDefinitionAllactivitiesassociatedwiththeflowandtransformationofgoodsfromrawmaterialstoendusers2ndTierSupplierUpstreamInternalDownstream2ndTierSupplier2ndTierSupplier1stTierSupplier1stTierSupplierAssembly/ManufacturingandPackagingDistributionCentersRetailersCustomersGrainProducerProcessingFacilityPackagingDistributorStoreCustomersCorrugateManufacturerLumberCompanyLabelManufacturerGrainCerealPackagedCerealLabelsWordPaperboardThebullwhipeffectSlightchangesinactualdemandcreateproblemsPartnersbuild““justincase”inventoriesLackoftrustamongpartnersStockpillingresultinhugecostThemanufacturerscannotplanproductionCannotordermaterialfromsuppliersSupplyChainManagementDefinition:Flowofmaterial,information,money,etc.fromrawmaterialsuppliersthroughfactoriestocustomersItincludes:organizations,procedures,peopleSCM:Integrationofthebusinessprocessesalongthechain,Planning,Organizing,controlofmanyactivitiesActivities:Purchasing,delivery,packaging,checking,warehousing,etc.ITasproblemsolverEvolutionofSoftwareIntegrationCompletelyIndependentofeachotherMRP=MaterialRequirementsPlanning:Inventory,productionMRPII=ManufacturingRequirementsPlanningmoreintegrated,MRP+Finance+laborERP=EnterpriseResourcesPlanningAllfunctionalareasExtendedERP=Includesuppliers,customersFromSAPtomySAP.comSAP=TraditionalERP=AutomateandIntegratetransactionsMySAP.com=webbasedcomprehensivesystemWorkplace-apersonalized,role-basedinterfaceMarketplace-onestopdestinationforbusinessprofessionaltocollaborateBusinessScenarios-productsfortheInternetandintranetApplication-hosing-hostingWebapplicationsforSMEsEnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)ERP=IntegratingbusinessprocessesandactivitiesinrealtimeSolvesmanysupplychainproblemsNecessaryformediumtolargecorporationsHelpfulalsoforsomeSMEsNeedtointerfacewithECordertakingsystemManagesallroutinetransactionsintheEnterpriseRecentlyextendedtosuppliersandcustomersPostERP(2ndGeneration)1stgeneration-transactionprocessingorientation2ndgenerationincludingdecisionmakingcapabilitiesECrequiresdecisionsupportECrequiresbusinessintelligenceSCMsoftware:ProductionPlanning,Manpowerutilization,Profitabilitymodels,marketanalysis.IntegrationofSCMcapabilitiesOtheraddedfunctionalities:CRM,KMASPLeasinginformationsystemsapplicationBacktothedaysof““timesharing”AriskpreventionstrategyVerypopularwithERP(expensive,cumbersome)INFRASTRUCTUREOFEC電子子商商務(wù)務(wù)的的基基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)AglobalnetworkedenvironmentisknownastheInternetAcounterpartwithinorganizations,iscalledanintranetAnextranetextendsintranetssothattheycanbeaccessedbybusinesspartners.INTERNET，，INTRAN