CR四級寫作課堂講義實用

會計學(xué)1CR四級寫作課堂講義實用主題習(xí)慣性認(rèn)知誤區(qū)：找不準(zhǔn)主題or主題不停重復(fù)寫作特點：結(jié)構(gòu)主體支撐細(xì)節(jié)主體填充嵌套三層次論文結(jié)構(gòu)IntroductionTopic

SubtopicBodyAnalysis

Evidence

ConclusionTopic第1頁/共79頁主題句

每段都要有主題句，通常位于段首或段末第2頁/共79頁主題句寫作練習(xí)

BaseballisapopularsportintheUnitedStates.Therearetwoteamsofnineplayerseach.Playersononeteamtaketurnsbatting,andtheotherteamtriestoputthebattersout.Thebatterhitstheballandthentriestorunaroundthebasesandget“home”safely.Theotherteamtriestoputthebatteroutbycatchingtheballbeforeithitstheground,throwingtheballtothebasebeforethebattergetsthereorbytaggingthebatterwiththeball.Thebattercanstopatanyoneofthethreebasesifitisimpossibletomakeit“home.”第3頁/共79頁Baseball,apopulargameintheUnitedStates,isplayedinthefollowingway.第4頁/共79頁

Manystudentscannotaffordacar.Thecitybusserviceusuallypassestheuniversity,sothosestudentscangettoclassonthebus.Manyuniversitieshaveaspecialshuttlebusthatisprovidedforstudenttransportation.Somestudentsliketoridetoclassonbicycles.Thisisgoodexercise.Also,itiseasiertofindaspacetoleaveabicyclethantofindaparkingspaceforacaronacrowdeduniversitycampus.Thosestudentswholiveclosetocampusoroncampuscanenjoyaleisurelywalktotheirclasses.第5頁/共79頁Forthemanystudentswhocannotaffordacar,thereareseveralalternativewaysofgettingtoclass.第6頁/共79頁加主題句

First,thefast-foodrestaurantisgoodforpeoplewhomusthaveaquickbitebecauseofabusyschedule.Second,thefoodisinexpensiveyettasty.Apersoncaneatanenjoyablemealoutandstaywithinalimitedbudget.Finally,thefoodisusuallyconsistent.Forexample,acheeseburgerfromawell-knownfast-foodrestaurantlooksandtastesaboutthesamenomatterwhereintheworlditispurchased.Consequently,buyersknowexactlywhattheyaregetting.第7頁/共79頁Fastfoodhasalotofadvantages.Anumberof…Avarietyof…Aseriesof…Awiderangeof…Amultitudeof…第8頁/共79頁

ThewhitepagesofanAmericantelephonebookgivethephonenumbersofresidences.Thebluepagescontainthenumbersofgovernmentoffices,andtheyellowpageshaveadvertisementsandbusinessnumbers.Therearemapsaswellasindexesatthebackofthebook.Thetelephonebooksoflargercitiesmayprovideseparatebooksfordifferentsectionsofthecity,whilethoseofsmalltownsmayhaveroomtoincludethenumbersfromseveraltownsallinonebook.第9頁/共79頁Americantelephonebooksaredividedintoseveralsections.第10頁/共79頁重要信息—細(xì)節(jié)習(xí)慣性認(rèn)知錯誤：沒有細(xì)節(jié)or零散無關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)作為重要信息所包含的內(nèi)容我們的口號：⑴每一個論點都要有理由⑵每一個理由都要有例子⑶每一個例子都要有細(xì)節(jié)第11頁/共79頁細(xì)節(jié)性問題理由不能太具體，否則不容易展開例：建餐館不好1、導(dǎo)致水污染2、導(dǎo)致空氣污染3、導(dǎo)致交通堵塞解決方案：往上升一個層次1、導(dǎo)致水污染——環(huán)境2、導(dǎo)致空氣污染——環(huán)境3、導(dǎo)致交通堵塞——便利第12頁/共79頁過渡詞匯、段落銜接表示次序：firstofallinthefirstplaceforonethingontheonehandfirstandforemosttobeginwith第13頁/共79頁inthesecondplacemoreover，what’smore，furthermoreforanother,besides,plusontheotherhandinadditionadditionally第14頁/共79頁finallylastbutnotleast第15頁/共79頁inconclusion/summarytoconclude/sumupinshortinbriefonthewhole第16頁/共79頁SentenceStructure習(xí)慣性認(rèn)知誤區(qū):語法不好英語同樣能學(xué)好語法的重要性：語法之于語言等于法律之于社會寫作如何進(jìn)行語法考察：輸入能力（閱讀、聽力）中的語法考察設(shè)置障礙能否繞過輸出能力（口語、寫作）中的語法考察是否主動犯錯第17頁/共79頁語法缺陷解決方案語法書的選擇劍橋中級語法語法書的使用方法：看中文是手冊而不是教材第18頁/共79頁LexicalResources習(xí)慣性認(rèn)知的誤區(qū)：提高詞匯量就等于提高了寫作能力寫作詞匯考查方式：1、詞匯變化2、連詞成句第19頁/共79頁寫作如何背單詞音phenomenonvocabulary形詞性：economysuccess

名詞：復(fù)數(shù)形式information[U]-uncountable[C]-countable-or,-er-es如字母–x;-s;-ch;-th

動詞:過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞

形容詞：副詞、比較級、最高級義observe遵守、慶祝suggest建議、暗示用provide比offer/provide第20頁/共79頁單詞記憶的方法原則：高頻率重復(fù)1、重復(fù)周期15天2、不要狂抄單詞3、使用零散時間背單詞4、閱讀和背單詞相結(jié)合5、視覺刺激和聽覺刺激相結(jié)合第21頁/共79頁BestWords寫作五大惡心詞匯：1、Thinkassumebelieveclaimconsidermaintainsupposerecognizerealizeregard第22頁/共79頁inmypointofview/viewpoint/standpointIholdtheopinionthatasfarasIamconcernedfrommyperspectiveofviewtomywayofthinkingonmypersonallevel第23頁/共79頁2、Thingissueeventphenomenonproblemquestiondebateargumentcontroversy第24頁/共79頁3、butyethoweverneverthelessnonethelesswhilewhilstwhereas第25頁/共79頁4、becauseforsinceowetoduetocontributetoaccountforresponsiblefor第26頁/共79頁5、importantvitalcrucialcriticalessentialsignificantnecessaryindispensablemattercount第27頁/共79頁感性認(rèn)知寫作的各種特征…從理論到實踐1106MyViewonOnlineShopping1.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)購已經(jīng)成為一種時尚2.網(wǎng)上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題3.我的建議第28頁/共79頁我們的狀態(tài)和寫作的本質(zhì)…我們的狀態(tài)：寫作速度打字速度寫作耐力思維同步構(gòu)思選材過渡詞匯、段落銜接重要信息：主題信息、細(xì)節(jié)信息單詞、語法第29頁/共79頁寫作本質(zhì)：

VaryInputPractice公共郵箱：cetwriting@126.comKey：writingvip第30頁/共79頁作文學(xué)習(xí)方法提高實力背誦經(jīng)典范文滾瓜爛熟、脫口而出、多多益善默寫、發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作弱點中譯英、提高寫作能力寫作、模仿掌握技巧萬能框架（一個超強(qiáng)模板）寫作是表達(dá)而不是翻譯第31頁/共79頁作文學(xué)習(xí)方法寫出來寫正確1—5篇不限時寫作300字6—10篇1小時300字檢查

11—20篇30min300字潤色寫漂亮showoff第32頁/共79頁高分策略：

字跡清楚、段落明朗內(nèi)容完整、緊扣提綱首保完整、再求閃光先總后分、連詞用上第33頁/共79頁形式：對立觀點型解決問題型現(xiàn)象解釋型圖表圖畫型應(yīng)用寫作型第34頁/共79頁BestStructure開頭主體結(jié)尾第35頁/共79頁文章開頭開頭1背景＋論題＋Which寫背景的好處：第一印象增加字?jǐn)?shù)第36頁/共79頁提出一種普遍的或值得關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象（緊扣論題）作為背景注：最多兩句話必須進(jìn)入論題例：大學(xué)生住在校內(nèi)還是校外好現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展，家長有更多的錢想讓孩子住在校外使其生活更舒適，這種現(xiàn)象引起了教育界和社會的廣泛討論。第37頁/共79頁ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?

Recently,theuniversitycampusisbecominganewscenicspotforpeople,onecanalwaysfindvisitorstakingpicturesandenjoyingthesceneryinuniversitycampus,whicharises/givesrisetowideattentiononthisphenomenon.(Peopleholddifferentideastowardsthisissue.)第38頁/共79頁現(xiàn)象解釋型開頭句式：1、Noonecouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthat______isenjoyingincreasingpopularityamongChinesecitizens.2、Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessedagrowing/increasingnumberof_______emergingfromoursociety.3、Theearlyyearsofthe21stcenturyhaveexperiencedanincreasinglyprevalentphenomenonarisingfromoursociety,namely,_______.第39頁/共79頁官方、權(quán)威數(shù)據(jù)、調(diào)查研究結(jié)果作為背景例：大學(xué)生住在校內(nèi)還是校外好現(xiàn)在中國最權(quán)威最受大學(xué)生歡迎的網(wǎng)站調(diào)查顯示，如果條件允許的話有70%的大學(xué)生喜歡在校外居住，這種現(xiàn)象引起了社會界和教育界廣泛的討論。(有人認(rèn)為…還有人認(rèn)為…我認(rèn)為…)第40頁/共79頁0912CreatingaGreenCampus

Arecentsurvey

conductedbyChinaDaily,whichenjoysthemostpopularityamongChinesepeople

indicatesthat80%oftheschoolsandcollegesarewillingtorebuildtheircampustomakeitmoreenvironmentalifpossible,which…第41頁/共79頁調(diào)查報告型開頭句式Onenewsurveyconductedbyexpertsdemonstratesthat…Accordingtothefiguresreleasedbyarecentstudy,itcanbelearnedthat…第42頁/共79頁調(diào)查報告型開頭句式

the

theby,itcanbeAccordingtoAscanbeseeninAsisshowninAsisevidencedinfigures/statisticsfindings/datagraph/tablereleasedprovidedatherecentnewlateststudyinvestigationpollsurveylearnedseenpredicted第43頁/共79頁AOnerecentnewgeneralnationwidestudysurveypollinvestigationconductedtakenatafactory/universitybyofficials/scientists/expertsindicates/shows/reveals/suggests/proves/demonstrates第44頁/共79頁開頭2論題+事例注意：簡潔時態(tài)語態(tài)做合適的推論第45頁/共79頁9201IsFailureaBadThing?1.失敗是常有的事?2.人們對失敗有各種不同的態(tài)度3.我對失敗的態(tài)度

第46頁/共79頁

Failureisacommonthinginourdailylife.

Asstudents,wesometimesfailtogethighscoresinourexaminations.Whenweplaygames,wemightbebeatenbyothers.

AsAdults,thereareevenmorefrequenttimeswhenwefailtodosatisfactoryworkandbecriticizedbyourboss.(Allthesefailureshappennaturallyandalmosteveryoneofushassuchexperiences.)第47頁/共79頁0301ItPaystoBeHonest1.當(dāng)前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象2.誠實利人利已，做人應(yīng)該誠實第48頁/共79頁Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somestudentscheatintheexams;

somebusinessmensellfakeproductstotheirconsumers;

someirresponsibledoctorsprescribeexpensivemedicinesjustforhighprofits.第49頁/共79頁CET6TheDigitalAge1.如今，數(shù)字化產(chǎn)品越來越多，如…2.使用數(shù)字化產(chǎn)品對于人們學(xué)習(xí)工作和生活的影響

第50頁/共79頁Livinginthedigitalage,weareunavoidablyexposedtoallkindsofdigitalproducts.Peopleusedigitalcamerastotakepicturestokeeptheunforgettableexperienceandmomentwhentheygotravelling;officeworkersusedigitalcomputerstodealwithdailystuffandmaketheirtimemoreefficient;studentsusedigitaldictionariestohelpthemunderstanddifficultEnglishwordsandimprovetheirEnglishstudy.第51頁/共79頁文章結(jié)尾總結(jié)全文＋(重述論點和理由)＋(提出建議/深化意義)深化意義＝展望未來＋對國家社會的好處第52頁/共79頁0812LimitingtheUseofDisposableBags

Tosumup,forthefactorsmentionedbefore,wecansafelyreachtheconclusionthattheprevalenceofdisposableproductsisboundtocauseachainofundesirableeffects.Inviewofthepresentsituation,itishightimethatthegovernmenttriedeverymeanstoprotecttheenvironment.Onlyinthisway,canwehaveabrightfuture.第53頁/共79頁結(jié)尾句型Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat…Undoubtedly,alltheevidencesstatedabovesupportaremarkableconclusionthat…第54頁/共79頁結(jié)尾句型第55頁/共79頁第56頁/共79頁滿分結(jié)尾例子

Inaword,Ibelievethatuniversitiesshouldrequirestudentstotakeclassesinmanysubjectsratherthanrequirestudentstospecializeinonesubject.Onlybydevelopingthecomprehensiveknowledgeandskillscanastudentusewhathehaslearnedinamoreeffectivewayandreallyenjoythefruitsoftheirhardwork.What’smore,thegreatercomprehensiveexpertisethestudentshave,thestrongeranationwillbe,themorefulfilledlifeourfuturewillachieve.

第57頁/共79頁文章主體框架四種模式1+1方案——問題解決型文章四段寫兩個論點分別具體闡述第一段：描述問題第二段：揭示危害A第三段：揭示危害B第四段：評價措施第58頁/共79頁0906FreeAdmissionToMuseums1、現(xiàn)在越來越多的博物館向公眾開放2、有人認(rèn)為會帶來很多問題3、我認(rèn)為…

開頭略

Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatfreeadmissiontomuseumswillcontributetonumerousproblemsrangingfromthedamagetothefacilitiesofthemuseumsto

theharmofthesurroundingenvironment.第59頁/共79頁

Tobeginwith,anincreasingnumberofchildrenvisitmuseumswithoutaccompanyoftheirparents,theymaytouchthetreasuresastheypleaseanddestroythefacilities,whichisboundtoexertafar-reachinginfluenceon

theinnerequipmentsofmuseums.

What’sworse,itisknownthatsomevisitorswillthrowawaythegarbagehereandthereatlibertyoreventrampleonthegrass,whichwillsurelybreedaprofoundimpactonthesurroundingsofmuseums.結(jié)尾略

第60頁/共79頁0812LimitingtheUseofDisposableBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被廣泛使用2.使用一次性塑料袋帶來的問題3.限制使用塑料袋的意義開頭略

Theproblemsbroughtbydisposableplasticbagsarevarious,rangingfromthedamageofenvironmenttotheharmofpeople'shealth.第61頁/共79頁

Inthefirstplace,ittakesyearsfortheplasticproductstobeabsorbedbythesoil,sothattheymaypolluteourenvironmentforarelativelylongtime,whichisboundtoexertafar-reachinginfluenceon

theenvironment.

Furthermore,peopleusuallybuyfoodpackedintodisposablebagswithoutbeinginformedofthechemicalmaterialstheywillreleaseinhightemperature,whichwillsurelybreedaprofoundimpacton

people'shealth.結(jié)尾略第62頁/共79頁問題解決型文章模板描述問題段(嚴(yán)重性)要旨：主題句+(例證)揭示危害段(分層次論述)要旨：段落主題句+1、2主題句：people+認(rèn)為+論題+引起問題+rangefromAtoB論點：過渡詞匯+現(xiàn)象+which建議措施段：要旨：段落主題句+建議措施+展望未來

第63頁/共79頁情況如此危急，解決這個問題刻不容緩。Thesituationbeingsoserious,itishightimethatwetooksomeeffectivemeasurestosolvetheproblem.首先，個人應(yīng)該被教育提高意識;Ontheonehand,peopleshouldbeeducatedtoraisetheawarenessthat…第二，我們必須制訂一些法律和法規(guī)。Ontheotherhand,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsshouldbeworkedout.(legislations/principles/institutions)第64頁/共79頁真題練習(xí)9801MyViewonFakeCommodities假冒偽劣商品的危害怎樣杜絕假冒偽劣商品第65頁/共79頁2-1方案——對立觀點型支持面兩點理由充分論述+反對面一點理由簡略論述第一段：主體背景第二段：論證觀點A、B第三段：論證觀點C第四段：我的看法第66頁/共79頁切忌：支持面優(yōu)點=反對面缺點例：愿意在校內(nèi)還是校外住第67頁/共79頁0806RecreationalActivities1.娛樂活動多種多樣2.娛樂活動可能使人受益，也可能有危害性3.作為大學(xué)生,我的看法

開頭略(Suchactivitiesarebeneficialaswellasharmfultousifundertakeninappropriately.Peopleholddifferentideastowardsthisphenomenon.)

第68頁/共79頁

Supportersofthefirstgroup,whoclaimthatrecreationalactivitiesareofgreatsignificanceofhumanbeingsassumethereasonsasfollowing.Tobeginwith,

theybelievethatitcanhelpusbuildourbody,peoplemaygotogymswiththeirfriendsonweekendstogetrelaxedafterfive-dayintensework.第69頁/共79頁Inaddition,theymaintainthatleisureactivitiescanalsoimproveourcommunication,peoplemightchoosetosurftheinternettochatwithfriends.第70頁/共79頁

Nevertheless,thecritics,whosuggestthatwe