內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼和浩特市黃河民族中學(xué)2022高一英語下學(xué)期期末試題含解析

內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼和浩特市黃河民族中學(xué)2022高一英語下學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.___time,Chinesefarmershaveinventedmanyfarmingtechniques.A.Over

B.In

C.On

D.For參考答案：A2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence, andperfectednow.A.developed B.havedeveloped C.arebeingdeveloped D.isbeingdeveloped參考答案：C3.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___trucksin2011astheyearbefore.

A.astwicemany

B.asmanytwice

C.twiceasmany

D.twicemanyas參考答案：C4.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas________thatoftheirs.A.astwicelargeas

B.twiceaslargeasC.twiceasmuchas

D.astwicemuchas

參考答案：B5.Asawarreporter,Jennywentthroughalotofadventurous________,whichcontributedtoherrich________inherjob.A.experience;experience

B.experiences;experience

C.experience;experiences

D.experiences;experiences參考答案：B6.Theboy____underthetree____tohisfriendthathiscock____eggs.

A.lied;lied;laying

B.lying;lying;laid

C.lying;lying;laying

D.lying;lied;laid參考答案：D7.Wecan’tcontinuetopretendthattheproblemofhomelessnessdoesn’t______inthiscity．

A．exist

B．live

C．be

D．survive參考答案：A略8.Mybossalways______me,whichwaswhyIdecidedtoleavethecompany.A.showedrespectfor B.foundfaultwithC.approvedof D.relatedto參考答案：B【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：我的老板總是對(duì)我吹毛求疵，這就是我為什么決定離開公司的原因。A.showedrespectfor對(duì)------尊重；B.foundfaultwith挑剔，找岔子；C.approvedof批準(zhǔn)；D.relatedto與------有關(guān)。此處指老板總是“找岔子，找事”。故選B項(xiàng)。9.Timeisup.Is______ready?

A.everything

B.something

C.anything

D.nothing參考答案：A10.－I’mthinkingofthetesttomorrow.I’mafraidIcan’tpassthistime.－_________!I’msureyou’llmakeit.A.Goahead

B.Goodluck

C.Noproblem

D.Cheerup參考答案：D略11.We___________onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.A.areworking

B.havebeenworking

C.worked

D.hadworked參考答案：B12.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.who

B.which

C.that

D.it參考答案：B略13.Inthe1950stheChinesegovernment_____simplifiedChinesecharactersandnowtheyhavewidespreaduseinChina’smainland.A.hasintroduced B.wasintroduced C.wouldhaveintroduced D.introduced參考答案：D考查時(shí)態(tài)。語境表示，在20世紀(jì)50年代，中國政府推行簡化漢字。根據(jù)語境可知，此句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。選D。14.InthepastfiveyearsChina________great_________.A.made,progress

B.hasmade,progressesC.made,progresses

D.hasmade,progress參考答案：D15.Howdisappointed!Theyhavefinished___________5%ofthework.Anomorethan

B.nolessthan

C.morethan

D.notlessthan參考答案：A解析：依據(jù)前句Howdisappointed!排除B、C、D三項(xiàng)。nomorethan后接數(shù)詞，表示“僅僅"“只有"(only)，含有“少"之意。16.Iknowthat______candiscouragehim,forheisthestrongestmanIhaveeverseen.

A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything參考答案：B17.Therewasnoelectricitylastnight.______Icouldn’trecordtheconcertonChannel3onmytaperecorder.A．Soasto

B．Since

D．Asaresult

D．Otherwise參考答案：D18.—Isthisthefirsttimethatyou______Nanchang?—No.Butithasbeen3yearssinceIlast____here.A.visit;come B.havevisited;came C.visited;came D.havevisited;come參考答案：B【分析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：—這是你第一次來南昌嗎？—-不。但是自從我上次來這里已經(jīng)三年了。這里考查句式Thisisthefirsttimethat…“這是第一次……”，that從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；since“自從”，從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】It/Thisisthefirsttime+that-結(jié)構(gòu)中，that-從句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：It’sthefirsttime（that）theboyhasspokentoaforeigner.這個(gè)男孩還是第一次同外國人說話.It’sthefirsttimethatshe’sseenanelephant.這是她第一次見到大象。有時(shí)以上結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可換成second，third，fourth等；其中的time也可換成其他名詞：It'sthefirstmonththathehaslivedhere.這是他第一個(gè)月住在這里。Thisisthesecondcigarettethathehassmokedtoday.這是他今天抽的第二支煙。若Itwasthefirsttimethat-結(jié)構(gòu)中，that-從句通常用過去完成時(shí)，有時(shí)也用一般過去時(shí)，有時(shí)若有包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，偶爾還可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Shewasluckybecausethatwasthesecondtimeshe（had）visitedJapanthatyear.她很幸運(yùn)，那是她那年第二次參觀日本。二、完型填空19.完形填空（20*1=20分）DianaVelezdoeseverythingwithmaximum(最大的)effort---andatmaximumspeed.That__41__learninganewlanguage,completingtwocertificates(證書)andopeningastore.

WhenarrivinginCanadain2008,shehadone__42__:tohavewhatshehadbackhomeinColombia."Ididn'twantto__43__whatIdo,likesomanywhocometoanewcountry,"shesaid."I__44__toopenastorehereinCanadabutknewIhadto__45__myselfproperly."

DianaquicklyrealizedthatmakingherdreamofshopownershipinCanadaa__46__meantgoingtoschooltogetthe__47__educationandcertification."MyexperienceofowningashopandworkingasadesignerinColombiagaveme__48__inmyabilities,butIcouldn'tspeakthelanguageandIhadto__49__howtodothingsinCanada.Itwaslikehavingto__50__alloveragain,"saidDiana.

__51__,shefoundjustthehelpsheneededforherrelaunch(重新開張)__52__continuingeducationatGeorgeBrownCollege.Shebegantaking__53__forboththeEssentialSkillsinFashionCertificateandtheImageConsultingCertificateinMay2009.__54__Dianametwiththelanguagebarrier,shewasalwaysgoing__55__whileatcollege.

BytheendofOctober2009,shehadcompletedallcertificaterequirements.Withintwoyearsafterher__56__inCanada,Dianaatlastachievedher__57__goalwhenhernewstoreopeneditsdoorsinToronto'sSheppardCentre.Shewasonthefast-trackto__58__.

Lookingback,Diana,afashiondesigner,__59__herachievementstothegoalsheset,theeducationshereceivedfromthecollege,and__60__,theeffortsshemade.NowDianaisveryhappydoingwhatsheisdoing.41.A.requires

B.encourages

C.includes

D.advises

42.A.goal

B.memory

C.choice

D.problem

43.A.continue

B.choose

C.change

D.lose

44.A.demanded

B.decided

C.agreed

D.hesitated

45.A.teach

B.prepare

C.enjoy

D.persuade

46.A.reality

B.fact

C.challenge

D.wonder

47.A.physical

B.private

C.primary

D.necessary

48.A.pressure

B.judgment

C.influence

D.confidence

49.A.putaway

B.dependon

C.learnabout

D.lookinto

50.A.advance

B.start

C.suffer

D.work

51.A.Naturally

B.Gradually

C.Luckily

D.Clearly

52.A.through

B.for

C.before

D.with

53.A.notes

B.responsibilities

C.chances

D.courses

54.A.Though

B.As

C.Since

D.Once

55.A.around

B.back

C.ahead

D.out

56.A.adventure

B.arrival

C.performance

D.journey

57.A.original

B.common

C.another

D.distant

58.A.success

B.wealth

C.glory

D.happiness

59.A.adds

B.connects

C.devotes

D.owes

60.A.afterall

B.aboveall

C.atleast

D.atfirst參考答案：完形填空

CACBB

ADDCB

CADAC

BAADB20.“NatureandNurture”Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____41____.Socialscientistsareofcourse____42____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____43____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____44____ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(爭論)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“natureandnurture”.Thosewho____45____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____46____determinedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____47____tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____48____.Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____49____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely_____50_____bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto_____51_____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare_____52_____.IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,_____53_____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame_____54_____thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact,itisquite_____55_____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.41.A.sensitive

B.productive

C.competitive

D.aggressive42.A.moderately

B.extremely

C.reluctantly

D.scarcely43.A.distinct

B.reliable

C.relevant

D.equal44.A.objectors

B.operators

C.opponents

D.advocates45.A.claim

B.support

C.resolve

D.inherit46.A.completely

B.largely

C.thoroughly

D.merely47.A.sensitive

B.open

C.central

D.subject48.A.abilities

B.capacities

C.personalities

D.instincts49.A.experts

B.scientists

C.environmentalists

D.behaviorists50.A.shaped

B.dominated

C.oppressed

D.restricted51.A.environmental

B.biological

C.genetic

D.psychological52.A.temporary

B.slight

C.fatal

D.far-reaching53.A.onthecontrary

B.asawhole

C.afterall

D.forinstance54.A.habits

B.responses

C.characteristics

D.advantages55.A.necessary

B.impossible

C.unreasonable

D.likely參考答案：41.C

42.B

43.A

44.D

45.B

46.B

47.C

48.D

49.D

50.A

51.A

52.D

53.A

54.B

55.D本文是一篇議論文。主要討論了人的個(gè)性和智力是先天形成的還是受環(huán)境影響的兩種理論?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。A.sensitive敏感的；B.productive多產(chǎn)的；C.competitive競爭的；D.aggressive侵略性的，有進(jìn)取心的。根據(jù)orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____1____與前面的whyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot是并列的，根據(jù)前面的句子可知，anotheris____1____空格處填的是與前面cooperative相對(duì)的詞，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。A.moderately適度地；B.extremely極其，非常；C.reluctantly不情愿地；D.scarcely幾乎不，簡直不。根據(jù)Socialscientistsareofcourse____2____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.可知，社會(huì)科學(xué)家當(dāng)然對(duì)這類問題非常感興趣。故選B。【43題詳解】考查形容詞。A.distinct明顯的；B.reliable可靠的；C.relevant相關(guān)的；D.equal平等的。根據(jù)Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____3____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.可知，目前還沒有明確的答案，但在這個(gè)問題上已經(jīng)形成了兩種截然不同的思想流派。結(jié)合句意可知答案為A。【44題詳解】考查名詞。A.objectors反對(duì)者；B.operators操作者；C.opponents對(duì)手；D.advocates提倡者。根據(jù)Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____4____ofeachtheory.可知，正如人們可能預(yù)期的那樣，這兩種方法截然不同，而且每種理論的支持者之間存在著大量的爭論。根據(jù)文中的debate可知，應(yīng)該是“支持者”之間的爭論，故選D。【45題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。A.claim要求，聲稱；B.support支持；C.resolve溶解；D.inherit繼承。根據(jù)Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持沖突“本性”一面的人認(rèn)為，我們的個(gè)性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物因素決定的。根據(jù)文中的believe可知，這里應(yīng)該是指“支持者”，結(jié)合句意可知答案為B?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。A.completely完全地；B.largely主要地，大部分；C.thoroughly徹底地；D.merely僅僅，只不過。根據(jù)Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持沖突“本性”一面的人認(rèn)為，我們的個(gè)性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物因素決定的。結(jié)合句意答案為B。【47題詳解】考查形容詞。A.sensitive敏感的；B.open公開的；C.central中心的；D.subject服從的。根據(jù)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____7____tothistheory.可知，我們的環(huán)境與我們的能力、特征和行為幾乎沒有任何關(guān)系，這對(duì)這一理論是極為重要的。becentralto“對(duì)……極為重要的”，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。A.abilities能力；B.capacities性能；C.personalities人格，個(gè)性；D.instincts本能。根據(jù)Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____8____.可知，極端地說，這個(gè)理論認(rèn)為，我們的行為在很大程度上是預(yù)先決定的，以至于我們幾乎完全受本能的支配。byourinstincts“通過我們的本能”，故選D。【49題詳解】考查名詞。A.experts專家；B.scientists科學(xué)家；C.environmentalists環(huán)保人士；D.behaviorists行為主義者。根據(jù)Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____9____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.可知，“后天培養(yǎng)”理論的支持者，或者如他們通常所說的，行為主義者，聲稱在決定我們?nèi)绾涡袆?dòng)時(shí)，我們的環(huán)境比我們基于生物學(xué)的本能更重要。故選D。【50題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。A.shaped發(fā)展，成形，塑造；B.dominated控制，統(tǒng)治；C.oppressed壓迫，折磨；D.restricted限制。根據(jù)Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely____10____bytheirsurroundings.可知，行為學(xué)家B.F.Skinner認(rèn)為，人類的行為幾乎完全是由周圍環(huán)境塑造的。此處shape的意思是“塑造，成形”，故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。A.environmental環(huán)境的；B.biological生物的；C.genetic遺傳的；D.psychological心理學(xué)的。根據(jù)Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto____11____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.可知，他們指出，就像機(jī)器一樣，人類對(duì)環(huán)境刺激的反應(yīng)是其行為的基礎(chǔ)。故選A。【52題詳解】考查形容詞。A.temporary臨時(shí)的；B.slight輕微的；C.fatal致命的，重大的；D.far-reaching深遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare____12____.可知，在社會(huì)和政治上，這兩種理論的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查詞組。A.onthecontrary相反；B.asawhole總的來說；C.afterall畢竟，終究；D.forinstance例如。根據(jù)Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，分?jǐn)?shù)上的差異是由于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即黑人常常被剝奪了白人享有的許多教育和其他環(huán)境方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此，他們的反應(yīng)與白人不同。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。A.habits習(xí)慣；B.responses回應(yīng)；C.characteristics特性；D.advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，分?jǐn)?shù)上的差異是由于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即黑人常常被剝奪了白人享有的許多教育和其他環(huán)境方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此，他們的反應(yīng)與白人不同。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。A.necessary必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unreasonable不合理的；D.likely很可能的。根據(jù)Asamatteroffact,itisquite____15____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.可知，事實(shí)上，我們行為的關(guān)鍵很可能就在這兩個(gè)極端之間，爭議肯定會(huì)持續(xù)很長一段時(shí)間。固定句式：Itislikelythat…，“很可能”，故選D。三、閱讀理解21.ManyleadingscientistsdownthroughtheyearsfromGalileotoEinsteinhavebeendeeplyreligious.Theyhavebeenconcernedaboutsolvingtheessentialmysteryoflifeandmaterialexistence,andhaverecognizedthatspiritualaswellasscientificunderstandingisneeded.Twobiologistsmightexaminealivingcellunderamicroscope.OnewillseetherethehandworkofGod;theotherwillseeonlywhatevolutionhaschancedtoproduce.Andyetbothwillagreeonthecell'sbiologicalhistory,itscomposition,itsstructure,anditsfunction.OnephysicistwillfindGodinthewellorganizedandexactlawsofthephysicaluniverse.Anotherphysicistwillnotbeabletoseeanythingbeyondthelawsthemselves.Thereligiousviewsofascientistdonotcomefromhisscience;theycomefromhisentirephilosophy,hiswholeviewoftheworld.Butscientistsarenotuniqueinthismatter;thesamedifferenceinthinkingistobefoundamongpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Inthemodernworld,scienceservestwoimportantfunctions.Oneistoprovidethebasisforascientifictechnology.Itisinthiswaythatsciencehasthegreatestinfluenceonourdailyliving.Throughtechnology,weadvancethestructureofcivilizationandgainincreasingcontrolovertheearthandrelevantpartsoftheuniverse.Theotherpurposeservedbyscienceisoneofunderstanding.Throughscience,wediscoverhowphenomenaoccurand,toalimitedextent,whytheyhappenthewaytheydo.Vitalproce