2023年全國職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愌侯}試卷及答案

2023年全國職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愌侯}試卷及答案〔二〕第一局部：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與劃線局部意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。1Thewindchillfactor,thecombinationoflowtemperatureandwindspeed,strikinglyincreasesthedegreeofcoldfeltbyapersonwhoisoutdoors.AeffectivelyBremarkablyCcertainlyDunquestionably2Oncethoughtdoomedtoextinction,southernseaottersarenowstringentlyprotectedthroughtheeffortsofnaturalistgroups.ArigorouslyBminimallyCfederallyDguardedly3Theparkisagoodplaceforstrollers.AcarriagesBwalkersCsprintersDcampers4Atagetwenty-fiveOrsonWellesstunnedthefilmworldwithhismovieCitizenKane.AamusedBamazedCfrightenedDoffended5Thedisease,rust,stuntsaplant'sgrowthandleadstothedestructionoftheplant.AenhancesBmoderatesCstopsDhinders6heWeddellsealofAntarcticacandivetoadepthofabout,1,600feetandremainsubmergedforaslongasanhourandtenminutes.AunderwaterBfearlessCunconsciousDbreathless7Vice-PresidentLyndonJohnsonbecamePresidentoftheUnitedStatesfollowingthedeathofJohnF.Kennedyandwassubsequentlyelectedtoafulltermin1964.AdulyBfinallyClaterDtherefore8Theoutcryagainstthegovernment'spolicieswillsubsideonlyifacompromiseisreachedintheassembly.AdiedownBsucceedCproceedDbedislodged9TheTexasOperaTheaterwasestablishedasasubsidiaryoftheHoustonGrandOperainordertogiveyoungsingersperformingtheirexperience.AhallBrivalCpatronDbranch10BenjaminFranklinwasnotthefirsttosuggesttherelationshipbetweenlightningandelectricity,buthisexperimentwithakitewasoriginal.AdefineBconfirmCexamineDpropose11LouisSullivan,afamousAmericanarchitect,variedhisstructurestosuitthelocalclimate.AmodifyBenhanceCaccommodateDavoid12Instatistics,themathematicalmeanisobtainedbydividingthesumofagroupofscoresbythenumberofscores.AtotalBsquareCnumeratorDlist13Fortifiedmedievaltownswereoftensurroundedbytwowatermoats.AprotectedBencircledCfloodedDsupplied14ThefuturesurvivalofthebaldeagleisstillanimportantAmericanecologicalconcern.AmigrationBpopulationCexistenceDevolution15Thechildren'sstorywriterknownasDr.Seussprovedthatthesimpleststoriesforchildrencouldhavecharacterizationandsuspense.AstructureBhistoryCexcitementDplot第二局部：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。WinnersandLosersWhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc(集團(tuán))andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition,latelyreinvigorated(給以新的活力)bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecountriesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure(根底結(jié)構(gòu));manycountrieshavelittletotradebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincountrieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies;oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990striedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindustrialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs(寡頭政治集團(tuán)成員),who,knowinghowunstableconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incontrast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingstablecivilsocieties,liberalizingtradeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.16Japanhasalongtradingtradition.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17RussiawaswronglyguidedbytheIMF.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18AllAfricancountriesfollowedtheIMFformula.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19TheSovietUnionwasacapitalistcountry.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Australiaisoneofthebiggestwinnersfromglobalization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21ChinadidnottakeIMFadvice.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22ManyhighofficialsinRussiahavemuchbenefitedfromprivatization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第三局部：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為第1、3、4、6段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中選擇4個正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。EnglishandEnglishCommunity1ThereisnodenyingthatEnglishisausefullanguage.ThepeoplewhospeakEnglishtodaymakeupthelargestspeechcommunityintheworldwiththeexceptionofspeakersofChinese.OriginallytheyweresmalltribesofpeoplefromnorthernEuropewhosettledinEngland.Theirlanguagesbecamemoreandmoresimilartoeachother.Finally,thelanguagehadenoughuniformitytobeusedbyallspeakersinEngland.Thepeoplewereunitedintoaspeechcommunitythroughtheirsharedlanguage.2Aspeechcommunityissimilartootherkindsofcommunities.Thepeoplewhomakeupthecommunitysharecommonlanguage.Oftentheylivesidebyside,astheydoinaneighborhood,avillage,oracity.Moreoftentheyformawholecountry.Nationalboundaries,however,arenotalwaysthesameastheboundariesofaspeechcommunity.Aspeechcommunityisanygroupofpeoplewhospeakthesamelanguagenomatterwheretheyhappentolive.3WemaysaythatanyonewhospeaksEnglishbelongstotheEnglishspeechcommunity.Forconvenience,wemayclassifythespeakersintotwogroups:oneinwhichthespeakersuseEnglishastheirnativelanguage,theotherinwhichthespeakerslearnEnglishasasecondlanguageforthepurposeofeducation,commerce,andsoon.4Englishservesasanalternativelanguageinseveralareasofpublicactivityforthemanynationsoftheworldwhichemployitasaninternationalsecondlanguage.Englishhasbeenadoptedasthelanguageofairtraffic,commerce,aswellasinternationaldiplomacy.Moreover,EnglishisthelanguageofthemajorityofpublishedmaterialsintheworldsothateducationhascometorelyheavilyonanunderstandingofEnglish.5Learningsecondlanguageextendsone'svisionandexpandsthemind.Thehistoryandliteratureofasecondlanguagerecordtherealandfictionallivesofpeopleandtheirculturel;aknowledgeofthemaddstoourabilitytounderstandandtofeelastheyfeel.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguageprovidesanothermeansofcommunicationthroughwhichthewindowoftheentireEnglishspeechcommunitybecomesapartofourheritage.23Paragraph2___________24Paragraph3___________25Paragraph4___________26Paragraph5___________ATheWideUseofEnglishBHistoricalAccountofEnglishandItsCommunityCTheAdvantagesofLearningaSecondLanguageDTheCompositionoftheEnglishCommunityETheThreatThatEnglishPosestoOtherLanguagesFTheDefinitionofaSpeechCommunity27Onlythroughthesharedlanguage___________.28Theideaofthenationalboundariesinoftendifferentfrom___________.29Speakersareclassifiedintotwogroups___________.30AnunderstandingofEnglish___________.AthatofaspeechcommunityBcanaspeechcommunitybeformedCinordertolearnEnglishbetterDforthesakeofsimplicityEhasplayedanimportantroleinthefieldofeducationFiswidelyusedinseveralareasofpublicactivity第四局部：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文答復(fù)其后面的問題，從4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個最正確答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇HairDetectivesScientistshavefoundawaytousehairtofigureoutwhereapersonisfromandwherethatpersonhasbeen.Thefindingcouldhelpsolvecrimes,amongotherusefulapplications.Wateriscentraltothenewtechnique.Ourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitsparts:hydrogenandoxygen.Atomsofthesetwoelementsendupinourtissuesandhair.Butnotallwateristhesame.Hydrogenandoxygenatomscanvaryinhowmuchtheyweigh.Differentformsofasingleelementarecalledisotopes.Anddependingonwhereyoulive,tapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsoftheheavierandlighterisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.Mighthairrecordthesewateryquirks?That'swhatJamesR.Ehleringer,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity,wondered.Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguescollectedhairfrombarbersandhairstylistsin65citiesin18statesacrosstheUnitedStates.Theresearchersassumedthatthehairtheycollectedcamefrompeoplewholivedinthearea.Eventhoughpeopledrinkalotofbottledwaterthesedays,thescientistsfoundthathairoverwhelminglyreflectedtheconcentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesinlocaltapwater.That'sprobablybecausepeopleusuallycooktheirfoodinthelocalwater.What'smore,mostoftheotherliquidspeopledrinkincludingmilkandsoftdrinkscontainlargeamountsofwaterthatalsocomefromsourceswithintheirregion.Scientistsalreadyknewhowthecompositionofwatervariesthroughoutthecountry.Ehleringerandcolleaguescombinedthatinformationwiththeirresultstopredictthecompositionofhairinpeoplefromdifferentregions.OnehairsampleusedinEhleringer'sstudycamefromamanwhohadrecentlymovedfromBeijing,China,toSaltLakeCity.Ashishairgrew,itreflectedhischangeinlocation.Thenewtechniquecan'tpointtoexactlywhereapersonisfrom,becausesimilartypesofwaterappearindifferentregionsthatspanabroadarea.Butauthoritiescannowusetheinformationtoanalyzehairsamplesfromcriminalsorcrimevictimsandnarrowtheirsearchforclues.31Whatdoesthewritersayabouttapwater?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?___________ATapwaterreflectstheconcentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesindifferentregions.BTapwaterisakindofsoftdrinkintheUnitedStates.CTapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.DTapwaterisusedtocookfood.32JamesR.Ehleringertriedtofindout___________.AifourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitspartsBifitispossibletocollecthairsamplesacrossthecountryCiftapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenandoxygenDifthecompositionofhaircanindicateexactlywherepeoplearefrom33Whichofthefollowingstatementsismeantbythewriter?___________AEhleringerwassuccessfulinhisresearch.BEhleringerfailedinhisresearch.CEhleringercanbeasuccessfuldetective.DEhleringer'sresearchprovedsuccessfulinChina.34Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellyou?___________AThenewtechniquecantellpreciselywhereapersonlives.BWatersuppliedindifferentregionsallcomefromthesamesource.CTypesofwaterusedindifferentregionsprovideusefulinformationforthepolice.DHairsamplesprovidethemostimportantcluestoidentifycrimes.35Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle?___________AHumanhairmayhelpdetectivestosolvecrimes.BAnimalhairmayhelpdetectivestosolvecrimes.CDetectiveswatchhairycriminalsclosely.DMostdetectivesarehairspecialists.第二篇WhyTheyTravel?Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravellers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility〞isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentresoflearning,andafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.Inadditiononemustrecognisetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkinsomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.Frequentlythesespecialisationslieinareaswhereveryrapiddevelopmentsaretakingplace,andalsowheretheresearchneededfordevelopmentsisextremelycostlyandtakesalongtime.Itispreciselyintheseareasthattheadvantagesofcollaborationandsharingofexpertiseappearmostevident.Associatedwiththisisthegrowthofspecialistperiodicals,whichenablescholarstobecomeawareofwhatishappeningindifferentcentresofresearchandtomeeteachotherinconferencesandsymposia.Fromthesemeetingscomethepersonalrelationshipswhichareatthebottomofalmostallformalizedschemesofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus.Butasthespecialisationshaveincreasedinnumberandnarrowedinrange,therehadbeenanOppositemovementtowardsinterdisciplinarystudies.Theseowemuchtothebeliefthatonecannotproperlyinvestigatetheincrediblycomplexproblemsthrownupbythemodernworld,andbyrecentadvancesinourknowledgealongthenarrowfrontofasinglediscipline.Thistrendhasledtoagreatdealofacademiccontactbetweendisciplines,andafargreateremphasisonthepoolingofspecialistknowledge,reflectedinthebroadsubjectschoseninmanyinternationalconferences.36Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravellersbecause__________.AstandardsarehigheratforeignuniversitiesBtheirgovernmentsencouragethemtotravelCsalariesandconditionsarebetterabroadDtheyareeagerfornewknowledge37Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit__________.AwasawayofspreadingideasBbrokedownpoliticalbarriersCledtoeconomicprogressDmadenewideaslessschooling38Thewriterclaimsthatitisimportantforspecialiststobeabletotravelbecause_________.AtherearesomanypeopleworkinginsimilarfieldsBthereisalotofsocialunrestatuniversitiesCtheirfollowexpertsarescatteredroundtheworldDtheirlaboratoriesareinremoteplaces39Thewriterthinksthatthegrowthofspecialistsocietiesandperiodicalshashelpedscholarsto__________.AspendlesstimetravellingBcutdownresearchcostsCdeveloptheirideasmorequicklyDkeepupwithcurrentdevelopments40Developmentsininternationalcooperationareoften,itissuggested,theresultof__________.AfriendshipsformedbyscholarsatmeetingsBarticlesinlearnedjournalsCtheworkofinternationalagenciesDprogramsinitiatedbygovernments第三篇GeographyandMovementTounderstandhowastrologyworks,weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookatthesky.Althoughthestarsareatenormousdistances,theydoindeedgivetheimpressionofbeingaffixedtotheinnersurfaceofagreathollowspheresurroundingtheearth.Ancientpeople,infact,literallybelievedintheexistenceofsuchacelestialsphere.Astheearthspinsonitsaxis,thecelestialsphereappearstoturnaboutuseachday,pivotingatpointsonalinewiththeearth'saxisofrotation.Thisdailyturningofthespherecarriesthestarsaroundthesky,causingmostofthemtoriseandset,butthey,andconstellationstheydefine,maintainsfixedpatternsonthesphere,justasthecontinentofAustralianmaintainsitsshapeonaspinningglobeoftheearth.Thusthestarswerecalledfixedstars.Themotionofthesunalongtheeclipticis,ofcourse,merelyareflectionoftherevolutionoftheeartharoundthesun,buttheancientsbelievedtheearthwasfixedandthesunhadandindependentmotionofitsown,eastwardamongthestars.Theglareofsunlighthidesthestarsindaytime,buttheancientswereawarethatthestarswereupthereevenatnight,andthesloweastwardmotionofthesunaroundthesky,attherateofaboutthirtydegreeseachmonth,causeddifferentstarstobevisibleatnightatdifferenttimesoftheyear.Themoon,revolvingaroundtheeartheachmonth,alsohasanindependentmotioninthesky.Themoon,however,changesitpositionrelativelyrapidly.Althoughitappearstoriseandseteachday,asdoesnearlyeverythingelseinthesky,wecanseethemoonchangingpositionduringasshortanintervalasanhourorso.Themoon'spatharoundtheearthliesnearlyinthesameplaneastheearth'spatharoundthesun,sothemoonisneverseenveryfarfromtheeclipticinthesky.Therearefiveotherobjectsvisibletothenakedeyethatalsoappeartomoveinrespecttothefixedbackgroundofstarsonthecelestialsphere.ThesearetheplanetsMercury,Venus,Mars,Jupiter,andtheSaturn.Allofthemrevolvearoundthesuninnearlythesameplaneastheearthdoes,sothey,likethemoon,alwaysappearneartheecliptic.Becauseweseetheplanetsfromthemovingearth,however,theybehaveinacomplicatedway,withtheirapparentmotionsonthecelestialspherereflectingboththeirownindependentmotionsaroundthesunandourmotionaswell.41Theancientpeoplebelievedthat___________.AtheearthwasspinningontheaxisoftheskyBtheskywasahollowspherespinningaroundtheearthCthepatternsofstarsontheskywouldneverchangeDthestarsaroundtheskywerenotstationary42Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemotionofthemoon?___________AThemoonandthesunaremovinginthesameplane.BThemoonrevolvedalongtheecliptic.CThemoonmovesfasterthanthesun.DThepositionofthemooncanbefoundchangedinanhour'stime.43Itisstatedinastrologythat___________.AthesunissodistantfromusthatitwashardtofollowitsmotionBthesunwasmovingwestwardaroundtheskyCthemotionofthesunisattherateofaboutthirtydegreeseveryweekDthemotionofthesunissimilartotherevolutionoftheeartharoundthesun44Alltheotherfiveplanets___________.AalwaysappearnearthepathofthesunBaremovinginawaymorecomplicatedthantheearthdoesCaren'tmovingaroundthesunasindependentlyastheearthdoesDaremovingaroundthesunatthesamespeedastheearthdoes45Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrue?___________AAfixedstarrefersastarthatisalwaysstationaryonthesky.BScientistscantellthemotionoftheearthfromthemotionsofotherfiveplanets.CAncientpeoplehadscantyknowledgeaboutthemovementofthestars.DAllthestarsontheskycanbeseenalltheyeararound.第五局部：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。TheImportanceofAgricultureinChinaThedevelopmentofagricultureandthebalancebetweenfoodandpopulationareChina'sfun-damentaleconomicproblems.TheclassicalhistoriespraiseemperorsfordevotiontoagricultureandmuchofChina'smodernhistoryis46,whichhasbeengrowingsteadily.Today,althoughagricultureaccountsforonlyaquarteroftheGrossNationalProduct,itisstillthemaindeterminantofthestandardoflivingandtheprincipaloccupationofatleast70percentofthepopulation.Agriculturealso47becauseindustryneedsbothagriculturalrawmaterialsandfoodforitsworkforce.Thefailureofagriculturetosupplyrawmaterialsandfoodhaltedandlaterreversedtheindustrialprogressofthe1950's.After1960newemphasiswasplacedonagriculture,andtheslogan“gricultureisthefoundationoftheeconomy〞hasremainedacentralChineseeconomicpolicyeversince.48,thereisanindirectlinkduetotherelationshipbetweenagricultureandforeigntrade.ManyofChina'sexportsare49orconsumergoodsbasedonthem.Flourishingagriculture,therefore,promotesexports.Italsoreducestheneedtospendforeignexchangeonimportsofgrainandcotton,therefore50AdeterminestheprogressofindustryBthestoryoftheunfoldingstruggletofeedapeasantpopulationCeitheragriculturalrawmaterialsDenlargingthecapacityoftheeconomytoimportmachineryandcommoditiesforindustryEInadditiontothedirectlinksbetweenagricultureandindustryFthuspromotingbothimportandexport第六局部：完型填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項(xiàng)，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個最正確答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。AvalancheandItsSafetyAnavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithairandwater,downamountainside.Avalanchesare51thebiggestdangersinthemountainsforbothlifeandproperty.Allavalanchesarecausedbyanover-burdenofmaterial,typicallysnowpack,thatistoomassiveandunstablefortheslope52supportsit.Determiningthecriticalload,theamountofover-burdenwhichis53tocauseanavalanche,54acomplextaskinvolvingtheevaluationofanumberoffactors.Terrainslopesflatterthan25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow55ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot56significantlyonsteepslopes;also,snowdoesnot57easilyonflatslopes.Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow'sangleofrestis5835and45degrees;thecriticalangle,theangleatwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatest,is38degrees.Theruleofthumbis:Aslopethatis59enoughtoholdsnowbutsteepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle.Additionally,avalancheriskincreaseswith60;thatis,themoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiers,themorelikelyitisthatanavalanchewilloccur.Duetothecomplexityofthesubject,wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafetyisacontinuous61，includingrouteselectionandexaminationofthesnowpack,weather62，andhumanfactors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso63therisk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreports,theyshouldbeconsideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid64to.Neverfollowinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsarealmostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainandnoteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare65ordamaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeranavalanche.51AamongBofCtoDin52AwhenBthatCwhoDwhose53AmostlyBlikelyCclearlyDsurely54AareBwillbeCisDwas55AweightBformCriskDwork56AfallBflowCrollDgather57AfallBflowCrollDgather58AamongBbetweenCwithDfor59AthickBthinCflatDrocky60AuseBtimeCsnowDrain61AjourneyBtripCfactDprocess62AconditionsBreportsCforecastDevent63AincreaseBreduceCimproveDremove64ApriceBeffortCattentionDmoney65AmissingBgrownCbigDfresh第一局部：1B2A3B4B5D6A7C8A9D10D11C12A13B14C15D第二局部：16A這道題的依據(jù)是第一段中的一句話：EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition.日本是東亞國家，因而具有悠久的貿(mào)易歷史。17A此題的依據(jù)可以在第二段的開頭找到，文章說有些國家常常是在有壓力的情況下采取了國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)誤導(dǎo)的政策，俄羅斯就是這些國家中的一個。18B在文章的最后一段提到了一些因?yàn)闆]有按照IMF的模式去開展而獲得成功的例子，其中提到兩個非洲國家Botswans和Uganda，因而說所有非洲國家都采納IMF模式的說法是不對的。19B第一段里有一句話：TheSovietUnion，ontheotherhand，wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.70多年不搞市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的國家自然不會是資本主義國家。20C文中沒有提到澳大利亞。21A此題的依據(jù)是文章最后一段的第一句話：…，China，thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization，didnotfollowtheIMFformula.即中國沒有按照IMF的建議去做。22C在第二段的末尾講到前蘇聯(lián)搞私有化的事，但沒有說有高官在私有化過程中受益。第三局部：23F此段解釋何為語言群體，最后一句話是關(guān)鍵，可以看作是語言群體的定義。24D此段是講英語語言群體包括的兩類人，所以用composition“構(gòu)成〞一詞。25A此段講述英語在全世界許多領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用，如航空、商務(wù)、外交、教育等。26C此段主要談的是學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的益處，最后一句話更具體到學(xué)習(xí)英語的益處。27B答案來自第一段最后一句，說明人們是通過他們所擁有的共同語言組成一個語言群體。以only開頭的句子謂語局部要求使用倒裝句。28A第二段第四句話說明國界與語言群體的界限并不總是一致的。that用來替代the+有關(guān)前述名詞，以防止重復(fù)。29D第三段第二句說明為了方便起見我們將說話者分為兩類。forthesakeof指“出于……的考慮〞。30E第四段最后一句話說明教育越來越依賴對英語的理解。也就是說對英語的理解能力在教育中起著重要的作用。第四局部：31B第三段和第六段談到tapwater。A、C、D均是文中提到的內(nèi)容。B是錯誤的，因?yàn)槲恼碌诹握f，我們飲用的牛奶和飲料都含有大量水分，而沒有說tapwater是軟飲料。32C第四段的問句針對第三段的內(nèi)容。thesewateryquirks指的是上段中的uniquepro-portionsoftheheavierandlighterisotopesof