Introduction and I Ching易經(jīng)簡介英文

會計學1IntroductionandIChing易經(jīng)簡介英文Whythiscourse?γν?θισεαυτ?ν:knowthyselfinscribedinthepronaos(forecourt)oftheTempleofApolloatDelphi,anancientGreekcityontheslopesofMountParnassus;siteoftheoracleofDelphi第1頁/共20頁WhattoLearnIChing,orTheBookofChange(周易)Confucianism(孔孟程朱)Taoism(老莊)Budhism(肇論、壇經(jīng))History(戰(zhàn)國策、史記)Others第2頁/共20頁HowtoLearnAttendclasses;Readthereadingmaterials;Consultotherreferences;Takenotes&writepapers.第3頁/共20頁Chronology第4頁/共20頁第5頁/共20頁Yi-Jing,orTheBookofChangeChinesephilosophy(bothConfucianism&Daoism)asdeepthinkingonthenatureoftheworldandthenatureofhumanselfcanbesaidtohavebegunwiththeformationofthetextofYi-JingatthebeginningoftheZhoudynastyintheearly12thcenturyBCE.Thenamesuggeststhatitdealswithallchanges(易yi)intheworld,thuscoveringbothnaturalchangesandchangesintroducedbyhumanaction.第6頁/共20頁FromDivinationtoPhilosophyThedisclosureofphilosophicalinsightsembodiedinthetextsoftheZhou-Yitransformedit

fromatextofdivinationintoatextofphilosophicalwisdom.ThistransformationisessentialforunderstandinghowtheZhou-Yicouldberegardedastheformingofasystemofideasorviewsabouttheworldandourselvesashumanbeings.第7頁/共20頁Yin&YangItconcernsthegenesisoftheonto-cosmologicalworld(nature)intermsofthemovementandrestofyinandyang.explainingallthingsintheirformationandtransformationincorporatinghumanbeingsaspart&parcelofontocosmologicalprocessofreality–realizationenablinghumanbeingstoactivelychangetheworldformingtheimage-forms(trigrams/hexagramsguas卦)andyaos(爻)

intheYi-Jingtext.第8頁/共20頁GuaThebookconsistsof64hexagrams(gua)andrelatedtexts.Thehexagrams,ascombinationsoftwotrigrams(alsogua),arecomposedofsixlines(yao)arrangedoneatoptheotherinverticalsequenceandreadfrombottomtotop.Eachlineiseithersolid(yang—)orbroken(yin--).Thecombinationsaredeterminedbythenumericalmanipulationofdiviningsticks,originallyyarrowstalks,ormilfoil蓍草.第9頁/共20頁TheEightGuasAllegedly,alegendaryruler,FuXi(ca.2000BCE),wasresponsiblefortheconstructionofthisearliestformofYijing.Thesetrigramsrepresenttheeightbasicnaturalelements:heaven(乾),earth(坤),water(坎),fire(離),wind(巽),thunder(震),mountain(艮),andlake(兌).朱熹：乾三連，坤六斷；震仰盂，艮覆碗；離中虛，坎中滿；兌上缺，巽下斷第10頁/共20頁TheEightGuasOnthelevelofnaturalrepresentations,theseeighttrigramsstandforeightbasicnaturalphenomena.However,theyalsostandforotherrelationsinametaphoricalsense.E.g.,inoneoftheTenWings,theDiscussionoftheTrigrams(說卦),thetrigramsareassociated

withvariousthings.第11頁/共20頁Constantflux,orChangesThesetrigramswereconceivedasimagesofallthathappensinheavenandonearth.Atthesametime,theywereheldtobeinastateofcontinualtransition,onechangingintoanother.Attentioncentersnotonthingsintheirstateofbeing,butupontheirmovementsinchange.Theythereforearenotrepresentationsofthingsassuchbutoftheirtendenciesinmovement.第12頁/共20頁Structure1Eachhexagramisaccompaniedbyahexagramname(卦名),ahexagramstatement(卦辭),andlinestatements(爻辭)foreachofthesixlines.ThelinestatementshaveasequentialorassociationalorganizationbasedonthegeneraltopicgivenintheJudgment(彖).Eachstatesaspecific,differentiatedinstanceorvariationofthetopic,followedbyachargeorinjunctionthatoneshouldtakesomeactionorrefrainfromitandafinaldetermination.第13頁/共20頁DukeZhou’sPhilosophyofLifeAtthisstage,Yijingemergedasaphilosophyoflife.Itwasno

longerjustabookfordivination.Eachsituation,symbolicallyrepresentedbyeitherthehexagramasawholeorasinglelineinthehexagram,signifiesamoralsituationinlife.TheJudgmentfrequentlydepictspossibleoptionsinanygivensituationalongwiththeirpossibleoutcomes.第14頁/共20頁Structure2The2ndlayerconsistsofanothertwoparts:commentaryontheJudgmentscalledTuanzhuan彖傳andcommentaryontheabstractmeaningsor‘Images”oftheJudgmentsandthelinestatementscalledXiangzhuan

象傳.TheJudgmentshave“GreatImages”(大象)--theabstractmeaningsofhexagramsaswholeentities--andthelinestatementshave“LittleImages”(小象)--theabstractmeaningsofindividuallines.第15頁/共20頁ConfucianistPhilosophy彖傳turnedthemysticaloraclenatureoftheancienttextintoaphilosophicalexpositionofvarioussituationsinlife.Itservesbothasananalysisofthevariouscontextsandasadiscussiononthemoraldutiesofindividualsinthesecontexts.象傳fullydevelopedthesenseofNature'spossessingmoralattributes,orNature'sbeingsymbolicrepresentationsofvariousmoralattributes.第16頁/共20頁TenWingsThetraditionalformatofYijingdividesthe彖傳andthe象傳eachintotwosections;together,theyformthefirstfouroftheso-calledTenWings(十翼)oftheexegeticalmaterialincludedintheClassicofChanges.AllTenWingsaretraditionallyattributedtoConfucius.However,individualWingsactuallydatefromdifferentperiods,withsomepredatinghistimewhileothersdatefromaslateasthethirdcenturyB.C.第17頁/共20頁GreatTreatiseTheGreatTreatise(系辭傳)receivedthemostattentionfromNeo-Confucians.Thistreatiseisdividedintotwoparts.Itcoversawiderangeoftopics,includingthenatureofYijing,themeth