高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)定語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)課件

定語(yǔ)從句概述形容詞做定語(yǔ)與從句做定語(yǔ)比較我不喜歡懶人。Idon’tlikelazypeople.我不喜歡不守信用的人。Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.總結(jié)：形容詞做定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾名詞前面；完整的句子做定語(yǔ)，要放在被修飾的名詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句的兩個(gè)重要概念一先行詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的對(duì)象稱為先行詞。Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.二關(guān)系詞：重復(fù)指代先行詞，起到連接從句和主句的關(guān)系，并且在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分的連接詞稱為關(guān)系詞。請(qǐng)找出定語(yǔ)從句，并指明先行詞和關(guān)系詞。I

likeguyswhoaren’ttooseriousandwhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系詞的功能之一就是重復(fù)指代先行詞并且在從句中充當(dāng)成分。接下來(lái)從兩個(gè)角度來(lái)談定語(yǔ)從句：一是關(guān)系詞在從句中能充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N不同的成分；二是關(guān)系詞和先行詞的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，也就是不同的先行詞要用不同的關(guān)系詞來(lái)指代。關(guān)系詞用作從句的主語(yǔ)Thewomanisafamousdancerandshelivesnextdoor.Thewomanisafamousdancerwho(=andshe)livesnextdoor.Who既取代了代詞she，也取代了連詞and。who具有了代詞和連詞的作用。另外，定語(yǔ)從句一般要緊跟在它所修飾的名詞之后。這個(gè)句子可以進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)成：Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.(who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）Ilikeguysandtheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.總結(jié)三點(diǎn)：1.關(guān)系代詞who代替了人稱代詞(she,they)之后，定語(yǔ)從句中就不能保留這些代詞了。不能說(shuō)：Ilikeguyswhotheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.2.定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾主句中的任何一個(gè)名詞。我們要關(guān)注關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧hewoman

who

livesnextdoorisafamousdancer.Ilikeguys

who

haveagoodsenseofhumor.3.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是由關(guān)系詞所指代的先行詞來(lái)決定的，而不取決于關(guān)系詞本身。關(guān)系詞用作從句中動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)I’dreallyliketofindafriendandIcantrusthimcompletely.I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcantrustwho(=andhim)completely.關(guān)系詞要放在從句開頭I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhoIcantrustcompletely.Who在從句中作trust的賓語(yǔ)。（改錯(cuò)題會(huì)在trust后面加上him)關(guān)系詞在從句中用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Iamtalkingaboutfriendsandyoucansharealmosteverythingwiththem.Iamtalkingaboutfriendsyoucansharealmosteverythingwithwho.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.

作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞可以省略。前面的例子中看到，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的情況(動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞的賓語(yǔ)).英語(yǔ)中有這樣的習(xí)慣：做賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞可以省略，不論是動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)還是介詞賓語(yǔ)。I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcantrustcompletely.Iamtalkingaboutfriendsyoucanshareeverythingwith.改錯(cuò)HeisthemanwhoheisteachingusEnglish.I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcansharealmosteverythingwithhim.關(guān)系詞與主句中先行詞之間的搭配關(guān)系關(guān)系詞可以分為兩大類。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞包括：who,whom,which,that,whose,這些詞起著代詞的作用，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)(但whose作定語(yǔ)).關(guān)系副詞包括：when,where,why,這些詞起副詞作用，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)（不做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)）。先行詞指“人”，用關(guān)系代詞who或whom。兩者區(qū)別：Who的前面不能與介詞搭配使用。Who是主格形式，所以在介詞的后面不能用who,不能說(shuō)withwho,只能說(shuō)withwhom.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswithwhom(who是不對(duì)的)youcansharealmosteverything.2.Whom在定語(yǔ)從句中不能作主語(yǔ)，但可以作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。Arichpersonisnotonewhohasthemost,butisonewhoneedstheleast.Who

可以在從句在作主語(yǔ)，也可以替代whom作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，但不能放在介詞后.而因?yàn)閣hom

是賓格形式，所以不能做主語(yǔ)。Whose表示所有關(guān)系，作用如同物主代詞my,your,her,his,their,our一樣，whose的后面要加上名詞。Whose既可以指人，也可以指物?！皐hose+名詞”在從句中可作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Iknowafriend.Hisbrotherisapopsinger.Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger.Thesechildrensitinaclassroom.Itswindowsareallbroken.Thesechildrensitinaclassroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.Itwasameeting.Ididn’trealizetheitsimportanceatthetime.ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceI

didn’trealizeatthetime.Atlaswasakneelingmanonwhoseshouldertheworldrested.先行詞which的造句結(jié)構(gòu)完全類似于前面的who,比如which可以作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，只不過which的先行詞是物。Angerisawind.Itblowsoutthelampofthemind.Angerisawind

whichblowsoutthelampofthemind.關(guān)系詞which所指代的先行詞比較復(fù)雜，它除了可以指單個(gè)名詞以外，還可以指代短語(yǔ)甚至是從句。Helikesclimbingmountains,whichisagoodexercise.Tomwaslate.Thatsurprisedme.Tomwaslate,whichsurprisedme.Ibecameasinglemotherovernight,whichisnothinglikebecomingfamousovernight.關(guān)系代詞that的意義和用法主要有以下三點(diǎn)。一是that既可以指“人”，也可以指“物”（指物的時(shí)候可以替換which，指人的時(shí)候可以替換who).二是that不用再非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。三是that不能用于介詞的后面(同who一樣)。Toomanypeoplespendmoneythattheyhaven’tearned,tobuythingsthattheydon’twant,toimpresspeoplethattheydon’tlike.1.當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)“人”和“物”的時(shí)候，用that.Thewriterandhisnovelsthatthearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.2.當(dāng)先行詞是指“物”的all,little,few,much,none,thefirst時(shí)，用that.All

thatglittersisnotgold.Thebookscontainlittle

thatisuseful.Thereisnotmuch

thatcanbedone.3.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞something,anything,nothing和everything的時(shí)候，一般用that。Iwouldmuchratherreceivesomethingthatmademelaugh,orfitmypersonalitythansomethingthatcostalotbutthatIwilljustthrowinmyclosetandforgetabout.4現(xiàn)行詞被any,all,every,no,some,much,few,little,序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等成分修飾的時(shí)候，用that.Tellusallthingsthatyouknow.Thereisnodifficultythattheycan’tovercome.Theonlythingthatweshoulddoisfindourwayhome.Heistheonlymanthatcanspeak4foreignlanguages.5.That不能用在介詞之后。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeupofmatter.Theworldwhichweliveinismadeupofmatter.Theworldthatweliveinismadeupofmatter.錯(cuò)誤說(shuō)法：Theworldinthatweliveismadeupofmatter.改錯(cuò)Ienjoythemusicthatwearelisteningtoit.Thepeoplewhichlivenexttomearefriendly.TheairlinehasabookletwhowilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.Imetawomenwhoherhusbandisalawyer.關(guān)系副詞的用法When,where,why在從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。when的用法可以引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞：day,year,time等。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.Myfavoriteseasonisspring,whentheearthseemsbornagain.如果定語(yǔ)從句缺少的不是狀語(yǔ)，而是缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那么即使先行詞